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d. w. ah, ah. in 2013 the young shang wrote history when it became the 1st chinese frater to sail from china to europe via the arctic these promising route which beijing was soon calling the polar silk road, turned the young shang into a symbol for china's ambitions. in the far north, ah, china, new gods itself, rosy, i saw superpower on that they should have a finger and all. ah,

we were. china is very well aware that a lot of it economic security is going to continue to be based on developing trade routes through the belgium road, an issue the aunt take maybe miles away from beijing, but china's new strong man. she gin ping quickly realized its importance. during his time in office, china has developed a keen interest in the northern polar region. when she's in king became president of china. that was the time when china sort of came onto the map showing his need for natural resources has driven she jin pinged to negotiate with the arctics. great powers. but they mistrust him. what he is china, really after beijing's involvement in the far north is a game changer. beijing claims to be a near arctic state. there are only arctic states and not marketing states are

yours in time. even the u. s. will recognize the importance of china's participation in arctic affairs to the new arctic. geo politics aren't just playing out in the world's capitals and the media envoys, entrepreneurs and middle men travel to the polar region, some a chinese. but there are no wages. icelanders, swedes and americans to the chinese were actually securing their interest. but for us, it was an opportunity to, to be accounted for for don't want a little bit of chinese investment allows the optic population to have a good life. why should i turn it down and don't wind on what? ah, china is expanding its influence, yet it's true, ambitions remain a mystery. after china, africa, will we soon be talking about that shine arctic. china believes that time is on its

side and now dreams openly about achieving superpower status. mm. but this story really began here in shanghai. far away from the arctic. the metropolis on the east china sea coast is threatened by the melting of the arctic ice pack flooding has become a regular occurrence here. and the effects of global warming mean the situation is getting worse in future. rising sea levels could leave parts of shanghai permanently under water for years, the chinese have presented this argument at international conferences. beijing says

it's obliged to be active in the arctic to help save the climate. this year will be a watch, huge climate change, global warming and the melting of the arctic ice don't just have an impact on our climate. they also have direct effects on china's agriculture, aquaculture and livestock breeding sionna. so that's why china is actively taking part time in combating climate change in the arctic to their waterloo. while climate protection is a valid concern, that's hardly the only reason. china is now active in the arctic. there are 3 priorities for china in the polar region. first of all security, and that includes traditional and non traditional security. i resources and in the most broadest sense of the word, off resources and science, particularly strategic fund. when china began demonstrating interest in the arctic,

the climate argument helps it gain international acceptance for its position. since beijing's concerns were understandable and hard to contradict, arguing that it's climate was at risk, also deflected attention from the fact that china really geographically removed from the arctic. and many great powers a concentrated here. russia, which covers close to half of its land mass. the us with alaska and its north american ally, canada, and finally europe through the danish territory of greenland and norway. so china chose to focus on science to avoid antagonizing these major players. china based a lot of its early arctic policy on the need to develop scientific cooperation. so i would say scientific diplomacy was very much a 1st step in a lot of china's arctic diplomatic engagement. ah,

to assert its scientific legitimacy. the polar research institute of china was founded in 1989 here in shanghai, the country's top scientists conduct research in many fields, lacy ology oceanography, and biology. however, the polar research institute reports not to the environment ministry, but the ministry of natural resources. so to bolster its scientific credibility, china began to explore the arctic at sea proof that the chinese took this very seriously right from the start, was their purchase of an icebreaker. in the early 19 nineties they christened the used freighter the shoe along or snow dragon. opposite rachel, what's in order to find out since i was calling, since the shoe along wasn't built in china, but rather in ukraine,

china bought it in 1983. it wasn't originally designed, doesn't expedition vessel what it's in terms of its construction. oh sure. it's a congress, a 4 year in the time before the issue along a goes to a center is that he says that the arsole hell or a kind of summer ceremony for the thought. ah, china tunes every appearance of the shoe alone into a public spectacle. because even the chinese themselves need some convincing that a special fate awaits their country in the far north. this is maybe also a part of the, a awareness building for the chinese public her to have some her awareness, the not only the article but of the kind. ready or reset, or the maritime of vanessa. with the ice breakers help, the chinese discovered a new world. but they soon realised there was still much to learn. and

a swimming laboratory was no longer enough to satisfy their ambitions. to one con, had china also as a scientific interest in the arctic because it has no territory that it's sort of vice president of expedition, if cut embers because you're at home. but how should china proceed when the arctic states defend their sovereignty so vehemently? the smell bad archipelago a wayllace paradise for centuries. finally opened the gateway to the arctic for the chinese. thanks to a long forgotten treaty that resurfaced in 1991 almost a century ago. the archipelago then known as shits, begun became norwegian territory under the condition that the countries which signed this fall by treaty retains the right to do business then. but when it came time to ratify the treaty, france was weary of british and american avarice. so france asked other friendly

nations to ratify it, to including china the people's republic of china in here is that it will the tracy's off the previous regime. and they were announced a lot of them, but they didn't pronounce that one. so death gives the right to exist. daphne doesn't go and he's always gentle. in this case, china ought to be thankful to frank for giving it that opportunity. and 1925 is your which was good. you in 2003. china are invoked this right and set up a base in the arctic, the yellow river station. the following year, the 1st scientists from china's polo re search institute came to us fall, but to develop projects and alliances. this whole science diplomacy way of building up certain knowledge about using science as a way to, to build

a present built relationship build networks. i think they're on the arctic has been a could be seen as kind of a testing ground for such an approach. oh, how ever in military drills out at sea, beijing adults, another approach that of an empire intent on expanding its power? this is a very different nation to the one that signed this fall by treaty back in 1925. china is now the world's factory and shanghai, the busiest container port on the planet through june. what is it, june 60 percent of chinese crude oil and cruise, as well as 80 percent of chinese foreign trade. the runs through the south china sea should free movement not be possible there. china would barely be able to

import oil for itself, or conduct foreign trade you, through our mortgage, to horseshoe, or through a warrant. and we're not gonna the bulk of international trade is carried by see, most of the shipping lanes used to policed by the u. s. navy to ensure the free movement of goods. but china dislikes the americans dominance today the c route from asia to europe passes through the south china sea where tensions run high and the suez canal, which can be blocked. but the melting of arctic pack ice could open up new options . 3 routes would be possible and take $10.00 to $20.00 day is less time. the northwest passage over canada would main navigating uncharted waters and masses of sea ice. the 2nd route over the north pole remains a distant vision. it would be the shortest way, but remains impossible to,

to pack ice. so the most promising route is the northeast passage or northern sea route. it runs along the russian coast of a kia can, is the european poet that's closest to asia b all ready back in 2010 in co can is norwegian logistics firm own of felix. trudy proved to the chinese, but the ne passage was a viable shipping route in the air force of september at 2010 at the nordic barnes left with 4 to 1000 fire and tongue. so i know concentrate to china and arrived. 22 and a half days later and which showed that, you know, the non syringe was open for non rational vessels, but non russian cargoes between non russian ports. so that was sort of a 1st and,

and that was quite important because show people this is possible a decade ago, billionaire, who are new, bo came to embody the new china. he's a poet and a mountaineer. but mainly he'd spent 10 years working for the central committee of the communist parties, propaganda department before becoming a successful real estate developer. that's when new bo entered the life of this norwegian entrepreneur. it all began when ola jaretha attended a dinner with the chinese ambassador in oslo. during that dinner we talk a lot down. he said the have a friend in china. he might want to come and see and that the snoop. i didn't, i didn't know nothing about nubile before and he came here and then he said, do you have

a property many properties here. and he said, can i see it? yes, we can, but then we need a ball to see it from there for the jumping bolt on. we go for a nice tape in the jordan the see the property and then he said, is it pulls bill to buy? yes, i said why not? after 5 minutes he said home much you want? i said, i don't really know. it's a big properties. 1000000 square meter depends what you want to do. he said the he like to bill them, the sort 5 star resort. very high class. but you have to come to china and see what i'm doing, that to understand what they mean. i said i would comp, don't what ye ever. and his 2 partners spent 2 weeks in china,

paid for by the mysterious billionaire introduced by an ambassador. a would be buyer, an amad with the arctic. i knew based on audio medusa rush . verbal. ha, i, i'll eunice government and as rules on all this on the log there to you via but to least day that promise remains unfulfilled. the reactions in the norwegian press were to negative, ola ye ever was branded a traitor by the regions largest daily newspaper. so the chinese billionaire withdrew and the contract was put on hold. many people, they talked really badly to me and said the, you know, i want to give the land to chinese and this is not good. i said it's my right to do whatever i what, and i think of it in the and it will be

a nice investment and good for ling and good for, for norway. and there i cannot see the problem. but the same chinese billionaire investor who unleashed a storm of protest in norway met with the same reaction in iceland. it's the question of how you look at the super, a military super authoritarian state, a 1000000000 near coming from the state. of course you ask about these connections . course you blew in iceland, people asked this question even more as here the chinese billionaire was especially land hungry. he secured 300 square kilometers in the north of the island to erect a tourist complex. with the help of icelandic business men, there were very strange news that surfaced lawn, for example,

was about zone in wanting to import the lot of chinese, up to 3000 chinese people to, to live in could himself and even had surfaced in the canadian media that would be some sort of a military base for china. it's all orthodontia. and so, i mean it's a shot. it's a media hype, rich feature, that kind of model. the chinese are coming, a chinese are coming out to shuttle share. people eventually ice lens then interior minister, he thought differently than it's president, stop the project we must remember is that people were crying for investment, hoping for him as this explains where the municipalities in the north, where so equal to everett. but i wanted to be realistic, internationally, job, politically, things are happening. the world this on the move. until course we have taught to,

to analyze this, i'm try to understand it. when it, when something like this happens, steel, china tried once again to gain a foothold in the arctic via the small island country. beijing cleverly took advantage of the fact that iceland had been shaken by a devastating financial crisis. and in the icelandic president, it also found a loyal ally. ah, that has its roots in the subprime mortgage crisis which rocked the world economy in 2008 and crippled iceland. while iceland has felt left in the lurch by the west, president crimson was on the front lines trying to rescue his country. faced the duchess, your issue direct possibility from your complete de la no

interest from the united states. i wrote a letter to the president of china and thus the won't throw very fascinating diplomatic men way aside from the fulton to watch karen, she shore agreement between iceland and china. add from all the measures which was important for us to remind brussels and the european powers that iceland had all their options. although no conditions put by the chinese. that certainly put a very positive impression to the ice line. government including president crimson, who at the time was very interested in opening up iceland as a gateway, a portal to the arctic for an arctic states. so the timing was very good for all parties. their alliance was sealed when in 2013 iceland became the 1st year

a p and country to sign a free trade agreement with china. china was taking a new tack and the shoe alone was quite literally the icebreaker. the ship became a kind of floating embassy in 2012. it travelled from shanghai to rick cubic at the invitation of iceland. precedent, who played the china cod perfectly, seemingly a win win situation for both parties. upon arrival the crew of the shoe along was greeted by none less than the icelandic president himself where the chinese rashad threshold shore, long or salt, are called came to iceland than i agreed to receive a ship. it was the 1st time in european history, like china shy answers to explain in an open platform when the pressures robasho. those are all the european countries. why they out this scientific mission told the author, this kind of co operation designed to demonstrate china's good will developed well

in iceland, thanks in part to a ground breaking arctic observatory where visitors can see the northern lights. yet several years after its construction doubts about the observatory remain. ah, while iceland help was valuable here in kiera, luna in swedish lapland china took a giant leap towards becoming a legitimate player in the arctic. in 2013 china was awarded observe a status in the arctic council dominated by the 8 arctic states. the council is an into governmental forum where issues such as scientific exploration, the environment, and shipping a disgust. turner became the accredited, alter the in the year 2013. and we actually,

we got support or a quite a number of countries including iceland, which will be quite appreciate. china has grown to the point where we simply can't close it out of the arctic and that if china is ah denied some kind of role in the arctic council, it will simply treat out as a roadblock to be routed around. yet china's candidacy was anything but self evident. the arctic states a touchy about others questioning their sovereignty in the region. and these states include major powers like russia and the usa who are always on their guard. 2 2 2 that home, i notice the, there are some says they say about the, what does china want the in the arctic a, an arsole, the chinese, a commune. this kind o, montana threat mentality. why should we, i admit them when they are, are behaving badly in other parts. of the world please to be joined the at the table by our senior arctic official,

julie gurley. as the united states senior arctic official, julie gurley served on the arctic council for 15 years. eventually she agreed a proposal to allow china to join. it's better to have china under the tent with all of us than not. one of the big fears was that if china were not, were denied observer status, they would amps maybe seek revenge in some way as like a cause. trouble for us in other forums like the un in 2013 seeks, mainly asian countries were admitted. as observers we have agreed at babs in particular the, the observations where we welcome china india. it today japan, the public of korean singapore. as new observers states,

they accept the principles and the is either some rain, it will the arctic council, an arctic issue. china, i so him and member of the un security council, they do have all the obligations under responsibilities. chill, contract built. always them all resources and no ha get there was no crystals to china. being present in the arctic council is important at which as it's observed, status enables it to build coalitions and influence for councils. decisions until now, usually china could only implement these decisions. the success coincided with the time that she gin thing became chinese precedent. symbolically. it was a turning point for china on the international stage. ah, now with his speeches about climate change and his global vision

for a new seal growed change in, ping has given new meaning to the developing chin arctic. now there is more of a vision of china actually wanting to play a role in getting some national system of taking up. it's great power position. level interesting articles has really gone way, way up as present. she to power full hamilton. most fundamental change has been the civilizational dimension, at the idea that through the architect, china can contribute something that will help the rest of the world scientifically, economically, and in terms of energy and economic after this subprime mortgage crisis. another event also played into china's hands when it came to establishing itself in the arctic rushes annexation of crimea. in 2014 m u. s. don't. well, was that i showed sir, or not? no, you're going currently michigan,

what was the you only be as good as you the international community condemned hooton's actions sanctions were imposed. the idea was to isolate russia. doke remark before the crimea crisis, ages, russia's focus was on active cooperation with the west lab. so china wasn't to the top of the building in a beautiful us. ah, but off to sanctions were imposed. vladimir putin rolled out the red carpet, fishy gin ping at the kremlin. the relationship between their 2 countries had been gradually warming up since the death of chinese communist leda chem and mount. and the more the west pointed its finger at beijing and moscow, the closer they grew. any reservations these great powers steel had about one

another with quickly set aside to further their own interests. ah, ah, in russia was looking for money and technology while china sought natural resources to sustain its growth. so they talked business ah and ya, mall in the russian arctic would never be the same. again. it's natural gas supplies off a china a once in a lifetime, opportunity to establish a huge and lasting presence in the far north. yum al ellen g is a liquefied natural gas project. one of the world's largest eats of prime importance for russia. so at moscow's request, beijing stepped in to save jamante the jamar. ellen g

project is a cooperation that benefits boot. i lose them by what it certainly couldn't develop jamal without china. chinese money was urgently needed at yet, and li mala listed as kidding it. oh, oh. oh. oh. in this remote corner of western siberia, the chinese can finally show their huge commitment to the polar region. oh, if there had been any lingering doubts about their arctic ambitions, jamari laid them to rest. the good chinese firms assumed control of 30 percent of

the project, giving workers the chance to experience life in the far north, on a grand scale. russia should be pleased about yamil, but it's self. image is an arctic superpower has been dealt a heavy blow. the russians generally are very and not very happy about, you know, being seen as a, as a, simply the ones who are, who develop, who, who delivers resources to, to support the, china's development as an to being a really great power that can jealous challenge to us right, i know should early, so today. hello. so if we were too many experts ask themselves whether it could come to a confrontation, a conflict between china and russia. reservations towards china certainly do exist in russian society as many russian experts say this could lead to a one sided dependency on china. i think these laurie's concerns are overblown or asia corp and a u. d. a diet coke wasn't which how can one 5th of humanity constitute

a threat at the new china isn't a threat which, which is part of our big east asian families of the like, middle ah, when the american national anthem rang out in beijing and late 2017 china showed the party intended to play in the big arctic family. she jin ping welcomed, then you as president, donald trump with pomp and ceremony. it was a sign of even bigger things to come in. during trumps visit china and the u. s. signed a $43000000000.00 deal to develop a liquefied natural gas project in alaska. alaska is the only u. s. state located in the arctic. in 2017. it's then governor bill walker turned to donald trump for assistance. he asked our to do,

and i said we need some help with the market. in about 2 weeks later, i got a notification of my office at present. she wanted to meet with me. we want. she played energy and sort of china. and so we can offer, you know, potentially a 100 years supply of natural gas. that is, this strategy was born our market for is asia because we're just much closer to asia and, and what we have they need shiner is expanding its fear of influence, beijing's new outsized ambition can be seen in its monumental plans for an

international new silk road designed to connect china to the rest of the world by land and sea. it's being touted as a win win situation for all concerned in just a few short years. china has shaken up the world order. everything is moving fast, perhaps too fast, given that china remains very secretive about its plans. 25 years after it purchased a used ice breaker from ukraine, china was capable of building its own the shoe along to sent out a strong signal that china was now a force to be reckoned with in the arctic. phasing now has plans to build a nuclear powered ice breaker, which would mark an even bigger turning point system. at high lashing asi dibiase, i would permit china to take the ultimate staff to show that to build a nuclear powered aircraft carrier, which it doesn't have yet, the only one which would give it better naval protection capabilities that stand

far beyond the arctic and the antarctic loans to the whole world was up and to finally in its eyes, gradually be able to compete with the western powers. the p sauce succeed. ah, but a few chinese researchers realised that such demonstrations of power could prove counterproductive. one was soon kai, a specialist on geo politics in the arctic. he tried to warn the chinese authorities around the 2015 or 2016 at that time. i writes therapy appraiser advising that china. sure. the publisher ah, people are arctic issues or times the arctic in pension and policy because most of the suspicions of her the earliest the days when time is pious, the observer's thing has a love. one other whizzing they are seeing is the china do not halla paper or

china's the, i'll take a tennis, the pension in the, in the attic are not clear. here with what comes on commission authors will the ones that might take china's arctic arctic policy. what do you mean with this so forth? so in january of 2018 china presented a white paper laying out its arctic policy to the international press. or along with climate issues. it mainly outlined china's polar seal growth project and the country's plans to exploit the arctics. natural resources, the arctic white paper is actually a sign of more self confident, somewhat more ambitious, and more risk taking chinese eye attic approach al chinese artic diplomacy. the most important thing about that document is what's not near. it doesn't talk about china's military strategic interests in the arctic. some of those

ports, or those ports could be used for g, o, use activity, civil and military. and so could facilitate, for example, being a, a port base for a submarine. this mistrust now even extends to the scientific projects, which 1st opened up the gateway to the arctic for the chinese iceland. how old are your handsome knows that all too well? he broke the quash, deal with chinese billionaire new bo and his firm arctic portal had a stake in the construction of this arctic observatory whose groundbreaking ceremony was held several years prior. but now the observatory is under fire for the laser, the chinese plan to install some suspect it could be used for purposes other than studying atmospheric particles. this rule is the lighter. we will be opening the ceiling of the roof and then the laser beam will be sent up

all the way up to as far as $150.00 kilos up into the sky. china has a research station and small ard. it has a brand new one in iceland, and of course it uses its icebreaker, the show a long as a scientific research platform in the arctic. there certainly ah, i lots of concern that those, those research stations are doing use for, for military and, and i, and other purposes, intelligence gathering purposes. i, at the optic councils ministerial meeting in finland in may. 2019, the growing suspicions shattered the traditional consensus normally in evidence. ah, this point is broad green. donald trump, secretary of state mike pompeo,

was in no mood to joke around. ah, it was as if the americans had suddenly woken up to the fact that off to africa, china might target the arctic in its race to become a global superpower. beijing claims to be a near arctic state that the short distance between china, the arctic, is 900 mouse. there are only arctic states and not arctic states. no 3rd category exists and claiming otherwise and titles, china to exactly nothing. it was a very, very aggressive speech that had never been given before in an art to council setting. there were there never been anything like that. or pentagon warn, just last week the china could use its civilian research presence in the arctic to strengthen his military presence, including our deployment summary, including deployment of submarines to the region as

a deterrent against nuclear attack. for china, from a nuclear security point of view on the optic has china's vulnerable bechtel. the optic ocean is important for china. if china could gate a nuclear nestled, i'm submarine, and an arctic ice. that would provide se can strike to terrance the china or callous or let her to more than busy mayor. generally, china has no military interest in the arctic usage. they will need to build military places, their north end in battleships that would trigger fear and panic among neighboring states. and course china, great hom, why would china do something so stupid? tracy, ah, especially as the chinese have a far more efficient weapon in their arsenal. money. china's answer to mike pompeo . speech was simple. it withdrew from the huge alaska ellen g project. and it's promised $43000000.00 investment. alaska found itself back at

square one. the biggest question about the future of the arctic in the next 30 years is not what china would do and what russia do, because we know they will continue to corporate in energy and resources and, and, and ship it. the big question is, what will the united states to where they continue to be largely posh. if the future of the china's take may also depend on the west's level of engagement? will their rhetoric be followed up by action? greenland is a case in point. china is interested in the island country, jew to its huge reserves of rare earths and other minerals. greenland is symbolic of china's arctic ambitions. an autonomous territory in the kingdom of denmark,

greenland covers a vast area, half the size of the e. u. yet it's home to just 56000 people, mainly in you it. they dream of emancipation bought at what price fluid over greenland is about becoming independent to polish and china wants to support that independence to change the balance power shot it is a keep. it could certainly be a game changer if it, if, if china were able to, to have a lot of presence in the arctic and establish the ability to get, to engage in lots of economic development activity. um it would be felt or it would be felt around the world. the kowana zoo at mining project near na sock in southern greenland is emblematic of these change co honors who it is rich in uranium and rarer metals on which china already has close to a world wide monopoly. rare earth sir essential to many green energy technologies.

this mine should put an end to china's monopoly on rare earths. yet a chinese partly state owned company has now acquired a steak and crew on is who it, who's development could take decades. but then china's used to playing a waiting game in the arctic. other countries just don't use his time wisely. at the foot of mount co on as who it by the na sac feud lives the young in you at shepherd. he's against the mine, as it would pollute his pastures. many of his compatriots feel the same way. so the in you it community party the i had spoken out against the mind project emerged victorious in greenland elections in april 2021. so at least for now the young shepherd and his flock can roam free and breathe easy. ah

ah ah ah, ah ah m e go africa. this is the real cost of gas extraction. one of the largest coral reefs in the world is under threat. thousands of fishermen and more tanya and synagogue are losing access to their

fishing ground so that others can turn a profit. eco africa. in 30 minutes on d, w. o. you ready to get with these places in europe are smashing all the records. step into a board adventure. just don't lose your grip. it's the treasure map for modern globetrotters. discover some of europe's wykard breaking sites on google maps, youtube, and know also in book form. ah

ah ah ah, is it the w news live from berlin's ukrainian town of butcher marks a year since its liberation and the horror of alleged war crimes. ah present landscape leads to remembrance of killings carried out by russian troops during 5 weeks of occupation. also on the

program.