brain update because this orchestra called the brain continuously adopts itself. and so we ask a few astute questions. we can control our thoughts, which makes us very power. kind of like a superpower. ah, questions about life? the universe. our series, 42 years. almost everything. this week on the brain as our bodies most complicated organ, it consists of around 100000000000 neurons and even more signups, as they give us capabilities that to date, even super computers can't match. our capacity to land can't be beat and the brain stores our memories as well. but can we remember at all and correctly tim, can we learn a foreign language in our sleep,

this exercise effect memory and all that and more coming up on in good shape, 50 w health show ah, ah ah, scientists long believe that who we are as individuals is basically determined by our genes, but that's changing. new reset shows that our education and experiences and the way we see our future has a much greater influence on who we are. so learning things and remembering them is important. but what's the best way to do that? hello, my name is brain. i can remember thousands of things, but to make sure i don't forget what i've learned. keep in mind information only stays with me if it leaves a memory trace. i think it is a school it as

a memory choice is something that's created as soon as you start to encode something. and when you start to encode something, a chain is set in motion at the sign ups level. that is at the molecular level of the brain. i look through what's called long term potential ation. that's how memory is actually formed while that's the memory choice. poor. i really need to concentrate on the subject matter that i'm learning. the very presence of a cell phone distracts me and ties up some of my capacity. so get rid of it. it can be more effective to study in a quiet room with as few other distractions as possible instead of at the library. that way i can focus on the essentials, lindsey's of a meat of if your attention is focused on multiple things, the effect you want to have, for example, while learning is significantly diminished because we can't use your full capacity in terms of attention, the tape of offer some cut on good, also from from i learn most effectively when several impressions are linked

together. when i learn on his screen, i only have the written word. with a book, i have additional input, what the paper feels like and where the information is located. for example, at the top right of the page, making handwritten notes or drawing a diagram of the learning material engages different senses and creates additional memory choices. and he's a lawyer, people who can memorize huge amounts of material, construct stories that build on one another. they make a semantic framework around the content they're memorizing. if they're learning vocabulary and they're only learning verbs, it's much tougher than if they're also memorizing nouns and adjectives and building them into a story. because 1st of all, the method of loose site technique is also based on stories to employ. it uses space, you know, well, your own home, for example,

or your route to work your gym or somewhere else. you connect the stops along your way with funny stories. you want to remember your shopping list. imagine apples are hiding in the drawer or a toilet roll when the coffee maker instead of the pod. the stuffed pig and the blender is a reminder to buy ground pork. then at the supermarket walking around the room in your mind, well, automatically remind you of what you wanted to buy. another important point, repetition, memory choice is only becomes strong and lasting. if you review the subject matter the next day, whether vocabulary, facts, or formulas, months, vice the scene, it's known that people forget the most by far within the 1st 24 hours. 50 percent of everything we learn will be forgotten in the next 24 hours. that means if you want to consolidate your learning or review, so you have it for a longer time,

meaning create a permanent memory trace and long term memory. then repetition will improve the effect of holes. he doesn't dotted her based on the, in effect. for this to work well, i need vitamins and minerals, but most of all, lots of carbohydrates and amino acids and enough sleep. my curiosity is boundless, so keep learning new things that'll protect me from forgetfulness and dementia. well, into old age sleep, it's something we all do a lot. we spend around a 3rd of our entire lives in bed. but sleep is about more than getting some rest. research shows that our brains, in particular use this time for sorting, cleaning up and making repairs and improvements. it's thought that we can make connections between various memories during slumber. so if that's possible,

can we also learn things while we sleep? wouldn't it be great if we could learn a foreign language while we sleep? just play a digital vocabulary trainer, close our eyes, and improve our italian skills overnight. she until now, researchers assume that the brain only had a limited reaction to external stimuli while we sleep. and was largely shielded from the outside world. but in a new study, swiss scientists have proved that we can absorb new information while we're in the deep sleep stage. neurologist dotty's ella from germany's university hospital leipzig has been studying this in a studio home. in the study, healthy test, subjects were ultimately presented with word pears, acoustically, while they slept. well that is a german word such as house war compared with an artificial word on like tall gl,

or court paired with the pseudo words alu hoffman in war. so either way, meanwhile, the subjects brain waves were recorded via e g. b. like once the test subjects woke up, they were asked to categorize the pseudo words and for the results showed that the test subjects were able to categorize them with a better than chance accuracy for the firewall. but that doesn't mean that we can recall the words we learn while asleep. beyond semantic associations, does go holistic of the brain is much better equipped to store new information when we are awake than when asleep, or as for sleep. it's only a very small, limited time frame during which the brain can take down a certain active state that resembles the waking state. so there are small windows that are open for storing new information. but this is much more effective in the waking state. the few epic depot. a few simple tricks can make learning while

awake, even more effective. starting with the right dose, according to linguist paint like yourself at the university of f. what, who vis and bash as fast as we know that distributed learning is especially effective. that is, you shouldn't try to concentrate on a vocabulary list for an hour at a time for instances, but instead it's best to spread out your learning over a week. i. but no matter how proven a strategy may be, it often seems as if some people can learn foreign languages in their sleep, while others struggle is there such a thing as having a talent for languages? papa goblin gift. there is such a thing as language, talent, as you can see it, when someone is good at distinguishing sounds and foreign languages when they're good at memorizing things, or when they can understand the grammar when they hear a sentence. but linguistic talent only accounts for 20 percent of learning success flux, all connected up in motivation is key. even people who aren't linguistically gifted

can reach a high level of fluency by keeping at it. don't feel guilty about putting down your notebook after a day of intense studying. sleep is a good thing. several studies have shown that while you sleep, your brain consolidates what you've learned while you were awake. but scientists still don't know how this is compatible with learning. all new information being showered with new words while you sleep at night doesn't help you learn. but you can still dream about learning foreign languages. mm. mm hm. there's been an incident and police have been called to the scene. they ask witnesses to describe what happened. but everyone saw all heard something else. how can that be? do we will proceed things so differently, or do we just forget the details right away? this local soccer team in the german town of tubing and is training what the

players will remember from this evening. it's just a small part of what's happening on the pitch as our brain. specifically, choose what to store and for how long things striker yona y makes his way to the opponent goal. his sensory oregon and various impressions to his brain such as a bird flying by but don't sparkled a whistle. the scent of plant was the distance to the goal, his teammates positions at birth, his brains saved everything in its ultra short term memory, but only relevant information is transferred from there into his short term memory . the rest is immediately erased. memory researcher yon bullen from the university of to begin stance on the side lines. he's interested in both soccer and the processes in the players brains of turns out in the city.

on the one hand, we need these skills, motor skills, ball control that has to be practiced and practiced, and the brain forms a memory for the abs. oh, on the other hand, declarative explicit learning is also needed. for example, certain moves, standard positions, that is, we have both forms of classical psychological memory formation here to emote or a procedural memory formation. and declarative memory formation and both benefit from sleeve, tuneful fluff. it's during sleep that the brain to science want to transfer from the short term memory in the hippocampus to the long term memory. and the cerebral cortex, movement sequences and plays are now firmly internalized brain waves show these activities while test subjects are in deep sleep. quickly via peter kid from their recorded in the sleep lab here. yon bon and his colleague contacting in at sinca investigate how memory formation works. they test this in subjects of various ages

. myisha and his sister anastasio take part in a memory experiment. and we'll start with the mixture tenants. it has 2 parts. and as with the researchers want to know which images are remembered and why that's listed on decimal. they show the children photos that only flash on the screen for one and a half seconds. neutral images are mixed with emotionally evocative ones. most subjects have a poor memory of the somewhat boring soft pile. but many, remember the photo with the form it as the image is so disgusting. next, myisha is wired up so his brain waves can be measured. he will sleep for one night before being asked, which images he recalls children in the control group have also seen the photos, but are not allowed to sleep before being interviewed. the results show clear

differences am slab past a kind of consolidation or stabilization of the memory trace happens during sleep. that is what that is. the children who are able to sleep can remember these images better, and more than those who are not allowed to sleep. during d backup leevins and apart from memory consolidation, something else can happen during sleep, a distortion of memory content. it can happen that a soccer player remembers the scene of a gold being made far more brilliantly than it really was. this is because our memory is stored in a network of billions of neurons and different parts of the brain. sometimes similar memories can influence each other. the memory of a scene from training can get mixed together with a similar scene from television. the

distorted version of the memory overwrite the original. later, the player might swear that it was exactly the same, that after all his memory of the scene is still crystal clear. that it is transfused when, when it comes to transferring new information into the long term memory, there are always changes. super impositions just changes to this prior knowledge, and therefore the falsifications of the original memory occur for facial and it was months on this, this wish position as a our biological memory is probably not completely objective, but it's more adaptive. oh add up tv. if you bother you, we actually need our memory in order to keep conducting our behavior in a positive way to control our behavior, and therefore to keep developing and life right. and so they couldn't believe that it makes sense to simply forget the more negative aspects of lies fix inside the

blame of august. yeah. so our brain better remembers moments linked to positive emotions, whether we've truly experienced them or just watch them on tv. the soccer players and to begin watching champions league game before training. who knows what their memory will make of it overnight? as soon as they hat goslings follow the 1st creature that comes along. usually that's not a problem because it's the mother case. this is an instinctive behavior not to lend one newborn baby supposed to have automatic reflexes, but woking and following people aren't among them. we must learn to do those things and much more even before birth. first, memory choices are laid down in the fetus hearing their parents voices prepares children to learn their native language room. and as of right now, the baby's quiet seems to be sleeping. oh, it's quite calming italy. man,

i know even babies have the ability to remember the specially the faces of close family members. yet experiences remain in the memory of a 6 month old baby for just 24 hours. at 9 months of age, a baby's memory extends to one month and a 20 months old to a full year. taking our 1st steps is a real challenge. when learning to walk, procedural memory plays a major role. this body memory stores movement sequences, assisted by our sense of balance and sensory data from our entire body, reliably and automatically controls our actions into old age. at 2 to

3 years of age, explicit memory improves enabling conscious recall of events. oh, our earliest childhood memories often come from this time. the development of language and memory are closely linked. language makes it easier to remember information and poetry to stay. yeah, like i walked through christ street, i nothing's restive. every house looked so bright and festive between the ages of 3 and 5 children began to make plans. prospective memory makes this possible. it helps them to remember to act at the right time forming the basis for tactical forward looking action. semantic memory is fostered when children start school. it enables them to remember facts. last minute. i know there are the people, the nation's plants, leg,

and the composite plants equal please law one, written down, not the don't know, i'm one. this learning is accompanied by a strong improvement in long term memory of the teenage years and early adulthood, in particular, imprint themselves on our memory. recollections of these intense new adventures and 1st sexual experiences often remain with us for the rest of our days. science calls this the reminiscence bump a vivid recollection of life experiences from age 15 to 25 or breastfeeding mothers frequently suffer from brain, fog, or forgetfulness. for a long time, it was assumed that hormonal changes were to blame. to day science believes there's another cause, lack of sleep at the sonic memory makes it possible to travel back in time. especially personal experiences are stored here

after the age of 50 are episodic, memory begins to weaken, and we forget things more often in seniors. episodic memory can be severely impaired, however, this doesn't affect experiences from childhood and adolescence. these memories usually remain present well into old age. in contrast, the elderly often have little or no short term memory. on construction sites, look as they haunt hats to be prepared for any eventuality. and in labs p. p. e helps shield stuff from dangerous substances. but what can protect us from failing memory or dimension eva knows what dementia is all about. her grandfather and mother both had it in as soon as i try not to think too much

about the fact that it could affect me at some point loma. but i do live more consciously, especially when it comes to exercise. what differ goes to the gym several times a week, but will that help lower her own risk of developing to mention later on? what role does exercise play in prevention? that's what's being studied here. interesting brain researcher geared temperament says exercise makes the brain more resilient. was their vision is what we know is that an active brain is better connected. and as we say more plastic plasticity means and adaptability that you retain throughout your life leim long island life. and the greater that is, the better we can cope with universities of aging our towns and the better we can build resilience to neuro degenerative diseases, yen dementia, no dig in arts, even exxon colon on demands of bomb. how great this effect is for individuals remains unknown. yet it's clear that physical and mental activity act like

a fertilizer for the brain. and ext, famous by fear, an extreme example of such plasticity as adult neuro genesis, that is the formation of new nerve cells, which we have in a region of the brain that is especially important for learning and for memory. this means there is even a reserve being created in the form of new cells in far so the network is strengthened at the nodes which we don't find in the brain. otherwise, the fingers on some good mission in getting in the professor andre fisher's team is researching how exercise affects the brain at the molecular level. the mit is handled for, for the brain to function well, it must be optimally supplied with blood after exercise, new blood vessels form which boost the oxygen supply. the other factors also have a positive effect on the bank of and for example, certain compounds released by the muscles are then transported to the brain. there they stop nerve cells from tying they function better. and in certain circumstances,

new nerve cells are even formed and been so exercise releases certain neurotransmitters which keep our brains active. but the micro are in ease than ensure our cells exchange information with one another. also play a vital role. they can be measured in the blood and are considered important markers for dangerous changes in the brain. in a study here, healthy individuals are in a levels were measured and then analyzed to see how they changed during exercise. participants pedal an exercise bike for 30 minutes. 3 times a week, 3 months later, the results were evaluated. are in a levels increased test showed cognitive abilities, improved, especially long term and working memory of psyched, infuse student. many studies have shown that 3 months of exercise is enough to improve cognitive performance, which means that people learn better to them better. but keeping fit is no

guarantee against getting dementia. take your, came lou, chuck, he's 72 and has been active all his life. yet he suffered from alzheimer's for 7 years. he took part in the exercise study here at arkan university hospital. the researchers wanted to find out how exercise affects an existing alzheimer's disease and were able to recruit 46 patients for the study. i'm tired of had one group of patients did an exercise program while the other did an education program as a control condition. the goal is to study alzheimer's disease in all its facets. does she feel the patience underwent among other things, to pat m. r, eyes, memory testing, and neuropsychological testing test. we also conducted fitness surveys and blood tests, and micro biome tests. one mic will be almost as woman. participants performed 60 minutes of exercise twice a week. warm ups, coordination, exercises, strength,

training, and endurance. the evaluation is ongoing, but for the alzheimer's patients in the exercise group, one thing is already clear. does it with we see positive effects in the areas of physical fitness and cognitive function? especially executive function. so working memory and control processes when i'm up with it, but we also see positive effects in imaging in the memory related areas of the brain affected by all timers like the hippocampus. so exercise seems to pay off for dementia suffers to and for those looking to ward off the disease, a combination of endurance strength and balance training appears to work best that this indiana. we know from the latest recommendations, not that that's about 150 to 300 minutes a week of moderate activity, or was 75 to 150 minutes a week of really breaking into a sweat. if it's so intense physical activity, carbonic activity, it,

there is no one master plan for prevention, but being physically and mentally active is key. so as being socially active, like eva who is on her way to soccer. oh ah, and because physical activity can also help combat forgetfulness, here's a new exercise from arcadia. through day, we're not going to use a met. all you need is a war. we are all familiar with neck and shoulder pain, and i have the perfect exercise against it. bring your hand to shoulder leveled bar an shoulder against the wall. rotate your body and hold these for 30 seconds. if you

are more at once, you can raise your arm a little bit, but i personally prefer show the level with after 30 seconds. we switch with fun practicing and don't forget to join us for the next episode of in good shape. until then bye bye. right here on kick off with

you. ah, shopping with shopping tomorrow. ah loam

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overcoming divisions into vision for tomorrow's journalism. register now and join us for this discussion at the 16th edition of d. w's global media forum. ah ah, this is d, w, and use live from berlin. donald trump is back in new york ahead of his quarter parents. the former president is spending denied at trump tower before he hands himself in 2 prosecutors on tuesday. he faces criminal charges stemming from hush money, allegedly paid to an adult film.