job ah, close at this age, the rate increased health risks for mother and child but the birth rate among teenagers has been on the decline. in 196086 out of a 1000 adolescents worldwide gave bath in 2021. it was just how stock number most of these ali pregnancies happen in poor areas, like sub saharan africa, where on average, one in 10 teenage goes, becomes a mother. the corona virus from demick is exacerbated the problem of ali and unwanted pregnancies, as shown in our next report from south africa. hello. before she can go to school, layla has to take care of her baby. she's just 17. she wants to look after him herself, but doesn't want to sacrifice her education. and it hurts when she heads up in the morning. said muslim, a no little incomplete. with nina. layla shared this room with her full siblings

and her grandmother. during south africa's months, long locked down, they couldn't go out. it was shortly after the restrictions were lifted. that layla got pregnant just 16 at the time. and olga colorado. lydia, when i found out that layla was pregnant, one or lead of a did it. and man and was i was very worried. they got probably was good. go magdalena job. i kept asking her who the father was. where's the baby's father? i would leave, but she just looked at me with a shocked expression. e b. o was o. tony loom donnelly, once the baby was born, i asked again you go? yes, he allotment animal, you could a baby needs both parents. we had numbers valley, do we not woman's in my is the father of friend, a neighbor always layla raped. she refused to say reluctant to burden her

grandmother even further. they could be will bud zima cause none like, yeah, well it was difficult avenue and i was scared to leave him with my grandmother because she's getting older and one could silkwood really. it's better now. he's growing and getting used to other people. layla isn't the only young woman at her school to have a baby in south africa, one of the less publicized consequences of the pandemic was a 60 percent jump and teenage pregnancies. during the core videos, obviously they were tracked in their homes. the tspra take to school wasn't unavailable, many homes last year. they are breadwinners to the disease or, or for corded mania homes, last employment because many companies had to close down as director of the african childrens feeding scheme, bats m. a goga, knew that she had to respond with the organization. cook's meals for children from deprived families. this is a new group of 15 goals age between 12 and 18. all of them young mothers. many of

them got pregnant when an older man offered them. food then demanded something in return right here they get practical advice as well as training in boosting their self confidence and learning how to make the right decisions. i have that you gave me please. can i ask them to was or to repeat the question? i was so angry with what me self like sometimes and feel like killing myself was the only solution solution. but then since i have ever since i came here, i no longer feel the same. like i said, i feel a sudden strong i don't feel like before and now i trust in myself, research shows as that teenage girls will become pregnant, are much less likely to become gainfully employed in their future. and so when you think about it, that a, you know, cycle is, is,

is easy to repeat itself because the girl doesn't finish school. they don't become, you know, well, established as an adult in, you know, in society, their children. i like you to repeat what they of gone little, because they are also now born into this structural poverty. the pandemic hit the poorest sections of society hardest. les luggage, baby food from a wealthy organisation. she and her siblings are being raised by their grandmother, who does everything in her power to ensure they go to school. getting an education is the only chance they have of escaping poverty level in july and social formula. i'm working so hard so that my baby and i have a future that my child's future is in my hands as means now, there's so much i can learn. indeed, i don't know how long my education will last,

but i'll keep studying until they call me dr. layla, my lawyer cooler by then i'll have learned so much in moving figure. laudermill informed. there later is a determined young woman is her 1st priority is to finish school. v. as in lana, if the yeah. but she wants to defy the statistics. who they show that very few girls who become, teen mothers, go on to complete their high school education. ready we menstruation can be expensive. ready period poverty describes a lack of access to suitable hygiene products, which is a common global issue that women face. ready scotland was the 1st country and the well to provide tampons and pads to the public free of charge. ready ready products in canada, kenya and india and several other countries are sold tax free. but along with the

debate on costs, but also the issue of sustainability. mm. ready back come back out of great. you'll know if tampon, menstrual products are such a big secret. men don't skip those periods, concern all of us and the environment. and because we hardly ever talk about it, this is what has happened. billions of pads and tampons. end up in the environment each year, some of which are made almost entirely of plastic. big companies continue to profit of us islands. the good new there we have solution that are more equal friends and teams, but hardly anybody is using them. chances are you haven't even heard of fund. so why is the solution to such a big problem still, so unknown menstrual products are more than just girly things. we don't

talk about placing them on the friends the afternoon available. a lot of all the modern was let's start with the menstrual cup. it seems brand new, but it's actually been around for wait for it over a 100 years. if you were to know that that's not on you, we actually was surprising in little about how women go give them one to visitor history. what we do know is that no society has ever really viewed menstruation very positively hacky. of course, i can't go swimming. you know, i've got the courage. most women though use what was locally available to them like old clocks or even dried plants and millions and sometimes even mud. i can't imagine how uncomfortable and must have been not to mention impractical. around the time the light bug was invented, the 1st ideas for the modern cup were born around 200 people. 5 patents were similar, blunt capturing devices from belts, sacks to suspenders and aprons and girdles. as women entered,

the workforce and mass production began. the more practical inventions bags, cups, and tampons and to the market. and they were a hit for the 1st time women were able to walk and swim alongside men at any time of the month. yeah, i mean it, it, it is liberating in a very sort of physical way shove, australia has written 2 books on menstruation through the age of. she says though, that even with such inventions it was only the rich western people who had access. i'm billiard, poverty, it's still a huge problem worldwide. the bad became the elite stop choice at the time seen as the thief option by those too squeamish to imagine their wives and daughters inserting things into their bodies. some feared that they would even lose their virginity. this haven't changed much. pads are still you was

more than any other product. they have the greatest environmental impact as well. but more on that later, the old down fonts and cups were being quickly out completed by the mid 20th century. and especially during world war 2 never quite got off the ground. and partly that was due to a rubber shortage and rashes put on rubber. so the idea of using rubber for menstrual cups, but it just wasn't an economic imperative. during world war 2 rubber was supposed to go toward tires and things that soldiers needed. not women's bodies. the cup had a bigger disadvantage. the way it works is that when you have your peter, you inserted and then remove it in 6 to 12 hours. the empty and clean the sanitized correctly. one copy can be used for up to 10 years. that sustainable, but it means that far fewer cops are sold. the 1st company to sell mass produced

cub soon went out of business hours. and it wasn't that women didn't want the product. and when they closed thirty's letters back to them saying i can i get, you know, 10 cops i need my cup. so while a cup got elbowed out, pads got better with adhesive wings. and plastic absorbency instead of cotton and with a generational shift and the sexual revolution. tampons gain acceptance in the west to my the 1970 is about 70 percent of us. women used them correspondingly damp on them pads began filling up bins and landfills. so in the early 2 thousands the cop re launched with a new environmental agenda, silicone replaced rubber. it's our most readable top she ever did miss a book. but fad and tampon makers had that clause in too deep. lots in fluid better. so your and the image of period had been slow sanitized,

but it was hard to imagine touching painting and re using something that had come into contact with the seemingly shameful menstrual blood bodies have a lot of like things that we excrete, right? whether it's your whack, sir, you know, boeing or knows whatever, but we don't judge it the same way. you're just not going to lose like social standing because of your iraq's, you know. but if you are leaking places are not managing your period, the way whatever social mores are for it. then there are, there is retribution about that ah tanks of the shame and advertising counties, tons of sanitary products on out thrown away each you leaking chemicals and micro plastics into the air, land and sea. this she may be most barren denisia as patriarchal cultures by menstruating women, austin, seen as impure and misapplied manufacturers who in mid 19 eighties realized that l

m. i. c, which is the low and middle income countries, had the biggest market, 85 percent of the was menstruating, live and low in low and middle income countries to gender. scholars surprise that it, but the says that about 80 percent of people who menstruate in india have no access to fantasy products for the market is very attractive. the government is working to improve access as well and promotes unsustainable power, which now nearly overwhelmed the market. i think the intention was good, right. the intention was truly to support the men from low income households, manage their meds through hygiene. so i decided to do the easy thing and to free right on an existing knowledge on existing competence. and on free riding on

the advertising, marketing machinery of pad manufacturers. distributing single used pads is like giving some on plastic or paper plates for regular meals instead of a dinner plate using public money. transporting them around the country, using resources being for labor and filling up dumps with plastic and toxins within these products. the singular narrative around sanitary pads can be broken, the important point is give the men the choice, let them decide what is right for them. so let's take a look at our options then that the for based on budget accessibility and their effect on the environment. first up, the famous sanitary bud, it's the most easily accessible around the world and the most difficult to get rid

of the bad can be up to 90 percent lasting from the permeable surface to look cause super robin polymers that swell with blood, that easy to use and threw away, but with inadequate waste disposal systems around the world. dad's most likely end up in the great outdoors. over an average of 40 years of menstruation, people spend up to $5000.00 on pads and next up is the tampon. those width applicators have an extra layer of largely single use plastic, but as long just the applicator, the damp one itself is made of several layers of plastic. from the layer that holds it altogether to the absorbing core. and often the string is made of plastic as well. they do contain less plastic than pads. overall. tampons can also be on cannick,

which means they're only made of copper which is better. but recycling them on disposing of them is very difficult. people can spend around $2000.00 on tampons over a lifetime. barrier dance have recently become more popular in the west. they have 2 layers and external resistant, one of plastic or natural fiber to prevent leaks. and a super absorb and fabric one close to the skin. they can be one for up to 2 years, but as with any other usable washing them takes time and effort. the reusable making a strong comeback is the cup. it can take a lot of getting used to an access to running water is absolutely essential for convenience and hygiene. but interest is growing. reusable can cost more up front,

which is a big problem for people without disposable income. but add up to a fraction over a lifetime. environmentally speaking, one cup can replace around 20 single used pads or tampons? both cycle. that's about $250.00 a year and over a lifetime just for cups can replace up to $10000.00 single use products. just stigmatizing maturation and making it warmer is having it be a regular part of conversation is a different way of being. and i think that can be radical in its own way, relying on companies for inflammation to lead to the b enforcement on the sigma. and shame around periods and pollution. so why we need now in less him and more awareness and access the choices, but are better on the pocket and the environment. oh ah mm. tara, under tax. the relationship between israel and the palestinian territories is still

extremely tense. peace negotiations are at a stalemate. so there were projects like the one in on next report from the west bank. the aim to bring a little joy to people's lives. i morning and romana this van is so new. the seats are still covered in plastic. it's a mobile recording studio and i will use it to visit and record palestinian musicians hip hop folklore pop out here. today we're going to jericho. she was, we want to record to robert who wouldn't otherwise have the chance to do so. in the desert. i mean, i can already see the join the i us a little from ramallah to jericho, right across the west bank. it's not a normal road trip because of his railey military checkpoints, and numerous barriers simply driving around is not that easy for palestinians, says allah, they often have to factor in long d 2 is saw for these. here are all walls between neighbors. neighbors who could no

longer see or meet each other without permission to dog fossil fossil been today, it's 40 kilometers into the desert, to jericho. their to 17 year olds are waiting, who are new to the music business, qusai and a bada. they are impressed with a bus up until now they've only recorded songs with their mobile phones. and my music's about everything that happens here. we criticize a lot of things that happen in everyday life. haney and the 1st tag with lyrics on his phone and i'll come to you since because i over and over until our law is satisfied and the year after just a few clicks, it sounds like this. right side, hip hop cosign and abroad. how are excited about our social moves rule, of course they get

a copy of the new truck. they can release it online, go products, which we call. we also publish a non we all call him everything in the menagerie board. then the next recording is at a bedouin camp in the desert. we are only allowed to accompany this veteran man on the bus after much persuasion. he doesn't want to be recognized. it is his 1st time in front of the microphone and he's afraid others might laugh aloud, reassures him that everyone will be impressed when they hear it. again the bus stop. so fin, ramona, it's goal to day, a quiet place outside the city, dinner and ebay, one to record they pump, freestyle music back the to palestinian women already have experienced performing in front of an audience. i love the city of i've been in it before and it's just a very nice comfortable space that it can go anywhere. just

going places is one of the big issues for young palestinians. i left the though i am now on a been sir, and these are so the media, so just parts of the occupation and i feel like there's more to that. there's more to the struggle, as well as living in a, let's say, a male dominated the society, especially as women about and i, these the beast to, to do whatever you want without anybody stub you. and did you, you can't do anything all the time that commissions to have fuel. as i say, it is step you got the e u and the good to institute provided grants for the project. it is organized directly from an office in ramona says, catalina high, the security situation in the west bank often makes it difficult to be avoided at

us. it's we want to work with the artists because we know that moving around in the palestinian territories is very arduous, egan. i, i don't know. i'm who's in the loop, they sing, then it's back to ramallah, passed military checkpoints. still, the recording bus will go out again tomorrow i have a glutton t a global team this week comes from armenia. ah, ah,

i get him on the sofa. i'm so be hydro triana. and, and my name is suzy. how to tram? ah yes, i live in armenia. ah, yes, and then i have a twin sister susie and a brother who's 4 years younger than me. like yeah. like holding vanished her stifle. ah a my, my mother is a history teacher at a school. my father works at a post. i foster. ah yes i am seeing the brother man. carnival. i really love going to school shad

german. yeah. oh cut that. yeah. my teachers are so carrying they take such good care of us and they're really nice for them. he has moved with him. besides my classes, i like spending time with my friends at school who are also very nice of them. and they said, ah, he may as well we so i hope we get the education we dream of. and that one day will be some of the best programming professionals level. now we want to be able to grow as programmers and to help people in armenia and the world to them give us men has, i mean we want to help make people's lives better. 0 one em, poke her mother's gonna love a definite again. good, that's melinda. ah, im, i'm an old almond. i'm one of my greatest fears is that i won't be able to achieve my goals ma'am, but i am afraid that i'll get close, but have to stop

a few steps before reaching them before getting to my destination. i still have to ask them how many to tell you i guess investment gothic? yes, life is better now than it was for our ancestors. and i believe life will keep getting better with every new generation because it evolves. had, they'll come down cuz a lot give me it will be better for our children. and grandchildren will help make life better in the future. i think opening corporate began cuba, but i love the of the gay him with that. so from us at global 3000 got in touch at global 3000 at d, w dot come and visit us on facebook to

d w. global ideas. see next week. take kath ah with with shaken not stirred meat in 13. i am a highly specialized virus. my rod are searching for precious treasures for rare mineral from electronic way. and now i'm showing people how it's done

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