ah, she survived outfits. thanks to music. ah, he was the nazis favorite conductor is morally degenerate to musicians under the swastika, a documentary about the sounds of power, inspiring story about survival of the home and go get the tennis. i was the only one what might look music in nazi germany. watch now on youtube, d. w documentary and it's left off a european space. probe has set off on an 8 year mission to go where no european space probe has gone before the mission to jupiter and its moons is not so much to seek out new life, but to see if life on the planet's burns could exist. i've been for solon in berlin . this is the day.

ah, i knew measure be good. so today you should know either full success. so we need to triple 8 years to get the job done. it is absolutely perfect own owns tonight. this is one of the places in the solar system where life could exist also coming up nato's new member, finland plans to build a fence along its border to keep out threats from neighboring russia. will it work? it's like imaginary safety. i think the fantasy wouldn't really matter if they would come with the tanks or some kind of power. ah,

we start the day with a successful launch of a european space agency probe bound for jupiter. the jupiter icy moon's explorer, or juice for short, blasted off from french guiana. it will be the agency's longest range mission. this was the 2nd launch attempt. bad weather delayed take off the previous day. the spacecraft is now on an 8 year journey to the giant gas planet. scientists hope to find out if jupiter's moons can sustain life in the vast oceans hidden beneath their ice covered shells. ah, that you to, i see explorer or juice will be on its mission for around 7 and a half years. its destination is jupiter, our solar systems, largest planet, to get bad juice. we'll need a lot of momentum. and that will mean several close fly buys of both venus and earth. research is from the german aerospace center in berlin will focus on jupiter

as 3 mysterious icy moons which were discovered back in 1610 by italian astronomer galileo, galle order crew. he this flew, the biggest question of all is evil. they can support life because they all have on the ice ocean in their interior it's and full of warmer. now, for one of those, the reasons that they can have water, which is the most important prerequisite for the emergence of life europa, the smallest of the 3 moons is believed to be the most likely candidate for extra terrestrial life. beneath its icy crust lies an ocean which could contain twice as much water as all of us oceans put together. how thick is europe, his ice crossed? how deep is its ocean? and what is it made of?

that's what juice is setting out to discover. and it will explode. jupiter's other moons to which may also boasts several layers of water. to do this, the probe will repeatedly fly past them, making observations with the health of its 10 state of the art scientific instruments. after 3 years juice will enter the orbits of jupiter's largest moon ganymede. it will be the 1st time a space probe has ever orbited the moon of another planet. an instrument co developed in berlin will use laser pulses to take measurements of ganymede surface . this will reveal whether ganymede has an ation of liquid water and locate any areas of interest. montrose, van, ritz municipal thing with juice, we will explore conditions to see if life could have evolved. and also to find out another way to look what was it. we're on jupiter's moons who will be most likely

find evidence of life. that will also be a task for subsequent missions of indoors through or not. program is who not, rich juice will spend full years exploring jupiter. and it's means uncovering as many of their secrets as possible. but my corcoran is from the european space agency. thank you very much for joining us here on the day. how relieved are you, 1st of all that the mission is actually on the way? well, you know, we're kind of actually halfway through this mission in some sense, as it's taken about 16 years to get from the 1st ideas to build this mission and then to select it again in scripts, again, stiff competition from other missions and physically build it. and put it on the launch pad, as your piece said, we have another 8 years to get to jupiter and may be 8 years worth of science to do there. so this is a huge moment, but it's just sort of midway in the whole project. of course, when you're standing, watching the rocket just about to launch and everything has to go right for those or half an hour to get everything deployed. it's very exciting and it was fantastic

day to day. i so much effort time money spent on this mission. so far, what's so important about it? well, as you please described, we have a very strange sort of environment out there by jupiter. it's the largest planet in our solar system. it's a gas giants, so it doesn't have a surface of any kind of cell phone. we're going to be studying jupiter and in great detail as well, understanding its weather patterns and understanding its, its interior down to the depths of the where the clouds turn into liquid at some point. but we're really focusing on the moons and those 4 large moons that galileo discovered in 1600, that just the largest of actually about 100 moons. so there's almost a mini solar system surrounding jupiter. it had rings a little bit like satins, but much fainter. so we're really going to be analyzing the whole system there and looking at these incredible icy moons, which indeed is your piece stated, have liquid oceans beneath their ice crust on at least 3 of them for the iraq. and

you'll find more than just water. well that's in fact one of the really big questions we have a some idea about the structure. so we know there's an icy crust on calisto ganymede, and europa. io as the innermost moon is quite different. it actually has volcanoes and has a magnet. cool. it's so close into jupiter that jupiter squashing and stretching it and actually making it molten on the inside. and that's the same reason that we have liquid water under the crust of the honeymoon, says enough heat coming from that squashing and stretching. so we think the crust saw tend to maybe a 100 kilometer stick, and then the oceans might be 10 up to 200 kilometers thick, or even more, maybe even 800 kilometers deep. i mean, that sort of crazy from relative to the earth is a very different kinds of worlds up. the real question then becomes what's at the bottom of that? um, is there a rock at the bottom as that might be at europa or we think it ganymede? actually it ends in a layer of ice again, high pressure ice. and so understanding those structures and how those layers

interact is something that juice is perfectly designed to understand. so ice water and then eyes full. what are you going to get out of that as far as sustaining human life goes? well, no human life, of course, at all. and, and one of the reasons that, you know, jupiter isn't to place you'd want to spend your holidays. and this is a big impact on our mission as well. is that jupiter has a very powerful magnetic field, much more so than the, than that channels particles from the sun, which are emitted by the sun. but they get focused by the magnetic field. so it's a very dangerous environment in terms of radiation, and that's actually the reason we're going to ganymede ganymede a little bit further route than europa and you rope as we're going to fly past it twice during the mission. we're going to go past calista, which is even further out about $21.00 times. lots of fly by that ganymede and then go into orbit around ganymede. so it's not about the human life potential at all, but whether there could be a habitats which might be suitable for life forming independently,

completely independently of the life here on earth. but it sounds like you have a bit of competition. nasa is also planning to launch a mission to the same place next year, which is plan to arrive at 1st and it sounds like they're looking for the same thing. you well really, so the origin of this mission, the juice mission, actually we go all the way back into the mid to thousands. it was a joint mission with nasa cordele class. and that mission was specifically designed that the us would go to your roper and focus there, and we would go to ganymede. and those 2 missions would work together. now, there was some politics and some, you know, comings and goings in between. but that's actually what we're doing now. so you rope a clip as a nasa mission will be launching next year and gets there a bit earlier. but it's going to your roper, they have radiation hard technology that we don't have available so readily here. so they're going to focus on the high radiation environment, but they're not going to get to me. so we're going to do that. we're going to do calisto, we're going to do the jupiter itself. so by working together and assigned team are constantly talking to each other. we don't see it as competition at all. in fact,

we've got to get much more science out by working together. and we really going to have to wait 8 years or even more to get those 1st. well, i can tell you something, what we do actually have the 1st pictures from the spacecraft on the ground this evening. now they were taken during the departure from earth, and those are just small webcams, if you'd like. designed to show us the things of opened up on the, on the satellite on its way into its long journey republish those tomorrow. got a little bit of work to do on those tonight, but the 1st science results of course, will come at jupiter. we got to fly past the 3 times possibly, and it will take calibration data will take images. but the real stuff comes when we get to jupiter, there's a thing that's important here. it's, it's, it's a long journey to get that. but it's partly not only because we need to get enough speed to get there, but we need to arrive in just the right way that we don't actually go straight past that we can slow down again and go into orbit. and that takes a complicated trajectory, hence this

a journey and definitely do not want to be. we will be following every step of the journey, mclaughlin and the european space agency. thank you so much. my pleasure. thank you . ah, now to france, and what may be a victory for now? full president manuel mccaul, the highest court. the constitutional council has upheld the government's plans to raise the minimum retirement age. from 62 to 60 full, the court rejected a cold for a referendum on the issue. thousands of people have been protesting around the country for weeks and promised to continue their fight. president mccoy failed to gain enough support from lawmakers forcing his plans through parliament without a vote on an executive order, which protest is consider undemocratic. during these journalists, cole stangler from the southern french city of my se, tie as a burning in some french city streets blockaded. what's happening there? way you are a ma say yes. a we had

a protest that was taking place earlier. you get up a couple 100 people really in the, in the center of town gathering with, with along with trade unionists are left wing activists left wing party officials. they also had a sort of more combative action you might say, occupying some i train track, sat in the center of town in some ways it's mirroring the sort of more disruptive tactics that we've been seeing to night. i crept across for as fairly small demonstration. i to night and unions again, i should say have put out a call for yet another day of mobilization on may 1st from the union perspective. they're not saying the battle was over just yet. despite that ruling, as you mentioned, from the coincidence. and so is it going to get them anyway? yes, it's a very tricky road for, for opponents of the reform really are at the state. as you mentioned, that the law has now been approved by the constitutional counsel. if you're in the camp, a protest series, really looking at 2 things, essentially one is eunice, are hoping that they can continue to mobilize, perhaps

a manual. my whole will follow the example set by his predecessors actually lock in 2006 and actually back down after an unpopular or law. i'm has been approved in the face of mass mobilization. that was the 2006 the youth employment contract. unions are sort of hoping for that me another demonstration called for on may 1st. it seems frankly unlikely, at this stage, given the way the government has his handle, the crisis so far. the other option would be as you mention, and there's that that referendum possibility that was actually rejected on by the constitutional counsel. there's another without getting too much too many technical details. there's another referendum proposal i think that the council will be rolling on on may 3rd, if the council gave the green light to that other referendum, it means that in theory, opponents could try to collect enough signatures either to get a referendum. this is never been done. before it should be said in france and a bar is very, very high to actually get that referendum if the constitutional counsel gives its approval. you need 10 percent of the french electric to actually sign on. so we're talking about more than, you know, 4 and a half 1000000 voters siding

a petition for the referendum. so a very, very uphill battle. it certainly looks like at this point out of the government as emerging, the taurus, the determination is, is clear. what may not be as clear to who our international view is, is, is the situation that the french are in the average painted age is actually around 60. the country spends double the percentage of g d p sped in the us on pensions, of the system's running a deficit this year to 1000000000 euros, lack of balloon to over 20000000000 and 2035. while the population ages, the pool of work is funding, the system shrinks and the government's ruled out raising taxes. what else is it going to do? raise taxes. so the, the financial stability of the system is perhaps not as not as dire as the, as the government has made it out to be. i think the government has its own council that has shown that is through studies that actually we're not talking about a system on the brink of collapse. we are talking about a system that has a deficit in the medium to long term. the question that is how to address that,

but i think, i think an interesting point to focus on as i think sometimes we say, oh, you know, he looked good friends. the retirement age is so low on compared to other countries . it's somewhat sometimes difficult to compare across our borders. if you look at just that one measure and it kept other metrics into consideration one, which is where the age at which people are actually effectively retiring in france . it's around, it's around $63.00 in germany through around $65.00, so they're not, not, not so far are apart on the effective retirement age. another mentor to look at it other than that is that eligibility threshold is the year you have to put into the system in order to access a full pension in france, we're talking about up to 43 years out of any reform on countries like italy and spain is lower than it's under 40 years, so it's difficult to sort of make these comparisons about just the eligibility age or other factors that go into it. i will say one other point about the french retirement system, which is that it's quite effective. it's very effective. look at fritz is the rate of senior poverty in france is the 2nd lowest our poverty rate in the

e. u. just just behind, almost a tide with denmark. so a lower senior poverty rate in france when you compare it to germany, the u. k, the u. s, it's a system, it's quite effective on the question is, what do you, what do you do to, to stabilize it in the long term? the government has said, this is the only route to do it. all are different. people disagree, the other options are, you know, should be explored. and so life isn't that bad in france, which was the point i was trying to make. but obviously these protests are going to go on for some time. but we heard i, we heard the, the odds that they're up against their, from coal stangler in my say, thank you very much for bringing us up to date. and for the analysis again on the situation in france. ah, the war in ukraine has brought far reaching changes to europe's security infrastructure, including a much longer border for nato with russia. it's now double in length with finland,

joining members no way estonia, latvia, lithuania and poland. share a 1200 kilometer border with russia and its enclave. colleen and grad. finland's border with roster is more than 1300 kilometers long. our correspondent terry sholtes reports from e matter on finland's plans to safeguard nato's ne and flank aster . more than a century of self reliance and security, finland now has reinforcement. as the 31st member of nato sharing the alliance guarantee of mutual defense for decades, moscow had warned its western neighbor not to go there. the red light form for the rushes, you know, was, are, you know, accessing to nato. and of course we were waiting for in some con, reaction. and we've seen what, what rush has done in ukraine. so basically, anything is possible, no one knows any more, whether there are any lines the kremlin won't cross. it's believed, perhaps half of russian forces normally stationed along the finished border,

had been pulled into the war in ukraine. but it's not only soldiers, moscow uses to try to destabilize other countries. there's another tactic it employed several years ago that bill and wants to guard against it, or saw a significant number of immigrant are pushed by rushes to the finished border. and crossing also also finished border and in all week we did manage those numbers. and however, in all you will never know in all this is kind of a preparation for the future. by this, you ha martelli as means the fence, finland is building along its border with russia near the city of e matter, about 250 kilometers north east of helsinki. he muttered. mayor mathias hilton says, for decades, city residence did not think of russia as a threat. large numbers of russians visit or live in a mattress. but that was before the kremlin launched war on ukraine. and now we don't have a look for debility for that anymore. and that's why, though we have all fought everything differently on short nato. and that's

why here, why ah, it so, so different world than what we were living when a half years ago. no one is sure what that different world will look like. and some fear, the worst people who had very clear and plans and no re about the future there. so maybe i'll put that off for a year and see how things go, you know, and that kind of thing. so in case what, well, just the uncertainty i think is what it is, because do you want to invest and put a lot of money into something and then you know, within a year or so, you know, be that it's under somebody else's control or something. it's like imaginary safety, i think defense, so wouldn't really matter if they would come with the tanks or some kind of power. the 3 kilometer pilot project is slated to be done this summer, stretching to 200 kilometers over the next several years. and terry shall joins us

now from helsinki. terry, a 200 kilometer fence along a 1300 kilometer border. explain how that'll work. well, then it does seem like a very short piece of a very long border. but you know, this will be more than finland's got now. we visited this border area and there's just a flimsy fence that comes up about to my waist and i'm very short. so the finished government decided that it needed to do something and it analyzed the environment, including the threat environment and decided to deal with the areas it considered most vulnerable. border guard colonel miguel cannon explained to me, they're thinking a, it will be built in the several places which are easily accessible by the beep. and those are the places stairs hard to access because there are no roach,

not in the roster side or finish side or to area is quite heart. and under the therefore, it's hard to go there and under the people are quite a small number who are able to, to call there. therefore, we can handle those without defense. then all the other countries that share a border with russia or beller is, have already both experienced these hybrid attacks with migrants and started building offense. finland is the last one to decide to do so. so it just goes again to show how the entire threat perception of russia has changed significantly after the warren ukraine started their will picking up on that the this, this threat perception, what wasn't the whole idea of joining nato? that fins wanted to feel safer. and i believe since do feel safer when you're talking about the potential for a military incursion by russia where the other 30 countries,

the other 30 members of nato, would come to finland's defense. now, the end and the fence that they're building now is to deal with this other kind of attack the hybrid attack. but, you know, been, i was really struck by some of the, the comments that i heard from fins that i've never heard before in all my years of covering this country. the idea that that if you live in this border area by a mater, you would hold off on doing things like making home improvements or upgrading your summer house. because you never know if the russians might come across the border and try to occupy finished territory, like in the don boss in ukraine, that's the comparison i was given. so people are definitely feeling nervous here, and i think most of them are going to both welcome the fence and nato membership. but just how effective do you think the fence is going to be at the end of the day? i mean, that remains to be seen. finland hasn't experienced these large scale in fluxes of migrants like we saw in the baltics and with poland. but they just believe that

this will serve as both a deterrent and a practical way to catch people. if they do start to be pushed across the border, it's not just going to be a fence. there's also going to be a lot more surveillance. and as i said, fill in just felt it was time that it protected itself better than it's been doing from the for the decades. that it believed russia would not attack. they no longer can be sure of that threshold from helsinki. thank you very much for your reporting . ah. now imagine not knowing about the war in ukraine. oh, the energy crisis or inflation. that's how it's been for an extreme athlete from spain who spent the last 500 days in a cave, with no contact to the outside world. scientists were watching, though, using the cave woman to learn about the effects of extreme isolation. after a year and a half in total isolation under ground, beatrice for many was all smiles. wildly legs were united with the surface world.

familiar stimuli came flooding back sunlight, fresh air, and human contact lenses of one. in november 2021. the veteran mountaineer and explorer moved into her new home 70 meters below ground. as the subject of an unprecedented experiment. scientists wanted to study the effects of darkness. it isolation on the human body and mind the limit, especially on circadian rhythms, the bodies internal clock, which is normally calibrated by sunlight. mother, that was the lesson. what will you figure? well, i think if, if, at least under ground, that usually it is only one exit, you know, might the space, if are generally bases. but they're quite hostile for humans visually for their minds. because you don't see any daylight, man, you don't actually perceive that i am going by no means there are no differences. so you don't have any existing stimulation. it's always the theme file and the theme found of trickling water. you know what they'll play? it depends on a little throughout the experiment beatrice,

committed to total isolation. she told her team not to contact her for any reason. even if there was a death in her family study in sciences, monitored her sleep patterns and other biometrically, the a device worn on her wrist. and her support team dropped off supplies for her to collect any time lost its meaning. yet that last yes oh school one full bath. it's not like the diners passing faster or slower. you know, it just doesn't bassette, does that. i mean it's always thought in the morning maybe more or less. but despite the challenges, beatrice called the experience excellent. and even said she didn't want to leave her cave at the end. maybe. now that she's back on the surface, the madrid based explore, we'll have her hands full with medical examinations and media requests. but for all that, she said the top priorities were a hot shower. it a meal with friends with that, but she didn't have

a shower. that cave. thanks for joining me for another day. follow me on twitter. i've been fizzle. and if you'd like to continue the conversation or at the d, w news otherwise, enjoy your weekend, it'll be nice if you again, bye bye. ah, [000:00:00;00]

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ah ah, ah ah, this is the w use lie from berlin. victory for mammal mccoy, as francis highest caught back his pension revolts the ruling clears the way the racing of the minimum pension h. t. opponents found