[000:00:00;00] ah, and it's left off a european space probe has set off on an 8 year mission to go when no european space probe has gone before the mission to jupiter. and it's moon's is not so much to seek out new life. but to see if life on the planet's moons could exist, i'm been fas all in in berlin. this is the day. ah, i knew measure be good, any show know either food so we need to trouble 8 years to get the job done. it is absolutely kathy owns tonight. this

is one of the places in this, from the system where life could exist. also coming up nato's new member of finland, plans to build a fence along its border to keep out threats from neighboring russia. will it work? it's like imaginary safety, i think defense there wouldn't really matter if they would come with the tanks or some kind of power. ah, we start the day with a successful launch of a european space agency prob, bound for jupiter, the jupiter icy moon's explorer, or juice for short, blasted off from french guiana. it'll be the agency's longest range mission. this was the 2nd launch attempt. bad weather delayed take off the previous day. the spacecraft is now on an 8 year journey to the giant gas planet. scientists hope to

find out if jupiter moons sustained life in the vast oceans hidden beneath their ice covered shells. ah, the jupiter i, i see moons explorer or juice will be on its mission for around 7 and a half years. its destination is jupiter, a solar systems, largest planet to get bad use will need a lot of momentum. and that will mean several close fly buys of both venus and earth. research is from the german aerospace center in berlin will focus on jupiter 3 mysterious icy moons, which were discovered back in 1610 by italian astronomer galileo, galle order crew. he this flew, the biggest question of all is evil. they can support life because they all have on the ice ocean in their interior. it's actually warmer now. for one of those,

the reasons that they can have water, which is the most important prerequisite for the emergence of life europa, the smallest of the 3 moons is believed to be the most likely candidate for extra terrestrial life. beneath its icy crust lies an ocean which could contain twice as much water as all of us oceans put together. how thick is europe has ice crossed? how deep is its ocean? and what is it made of? that's what juice is setting out to discover. and it will explode. jupiter's other moons to which may also boast several lays of water. to do this, the probe will repeatedly fly past them, making observations with the help of its 10 state of the art scientific instruments . after 3 years juice will enter the orbits of jupiter's largest moon ganymede. it will be the 1st time

a space probe has ever orbited the moon of now the planets. an instrument co developed in berlin will use laser pulses to take measurements of ganymede seth aside, and this will reveal whether ganymede has an ocean of liquid water and locate any areas of interest. middle school, 100 minutes and bidding with juice. we will explore conditions to see if life could have evolved and also to find out another way to look at both when we're on jupiter moons who will be most likely find evidence of life. that will also be a task for subsequent missions of those who are not programmers who are not rich juice will spend full years exploring jupiter and it's means uncovering as many of their secrets as possible. but my corcoran is from the european space agency. thank you very much for joining us here on the day. how relieved are you 1st of all that the mission is actually on the way? well, you know,

we're kind of actually halfway through this mission. in some senses. it's taken about 16 years to get from the 1st ideas to build this mission, and then to select it again in scoops, again, stiff competition from other missions than physically build it and put it on the launch pad. as your piece said, we have another 8 years to get to jupiter and may be 8 years worth of science to do there. so this is a huge moment, but it's just sort of midway in the whole project. of course, when you're standing, watching the rocket just about to launch and everything has to go right for those a half an hour to get everything deployed. it's very exciting and it was fantastic day to day for so much effort time money spent on this mission. so far, what's so important about it? well, as your piece described, we have a very strange sort of, um, environment out there by jupiter, it's a, it's the largest planet in our solar system. it's a gas giant, so it doesn't have an a surface of any kind itself. and we're going to be studying jupiter and in great detail as well. understanding its weather patterns and understanding it's,

it's interior down to the depths of the where the clouds turned into liquid at some point. but we really focusing on the moons and those of full large moons that galileo discovered in the 1600s at just the largest of actually about a 100 moons. so there's almost a mini solar system surrounding jupiter. it has faint rings a little bit like satins, but much fainter. so we're really going to be analyzing the whole system there. and looking at these incredible icy moons, which indeed as your piece stated, have liquid oceans beneath their icy crust. on our lease, 3 of them said, he reckon you'll find more than just water. well, that's in fact, one of the really big questions. we have a, some idea about the structure, so we know there's an icy crust on calisto ganymede. and europa io is the innermost moon is quite different. it actually has volcanoes and has a magnet call it so close into jupiter, the jupiter, squashing and stretching it and actually making it molten on the inside. and that's the same reason that we have liquid water under the crust of the on the moon says

enough heat coming from that squashing and stretching. so we think the crusts are tend to maybe a 100 kilometers thick, and then the oceans might be 10 up to 200 kilometers thick or even more, maybe even 800 kilometers deep. i mean, that sort of crazy from relative to the earth is a very different kinds of worlds up. the real question then becomes what's at the bottom of that? um, is there a rock at the bottom as that might be at europa or we think it ganymede? actually it ends in a layer of ice again, high pressure ice. and so understanding those structures and how those layers interact is something that juice is perfectly designed to understand. so ice water and then ice what, what are you going to get out of that as far as sustaining human life goes? well, no human life course at all, and one of the reasons the jupiter is into place, you'd want to spend your holidays. and this is a big impact on our mission as well. is that jupiter has a very powerful magnetic field, much more so than the, than that channels particles from the sun,

which are emitted by the sun. but they get focused by the magnetic field. so it's a very dangerous environment in terms of radiation, and that's actually the reason we're going to ganymede ganymede a little bit further out than your roper. and you ropers, we're going to fly past it twice during the mission. going to go past calisto, which is even further out about 21 times, lots of fly by the ganymede, and then go into orbit around ganymede. so it's not about the human life potential at all, but whether there could be habitats which might be suitable for life forming independently, completely independently of the life here on us. but it sounds like you have a bit of competition. nasa is also planning to launch a mission to the same place next year, which is plan to arrive at 1st and it sounds like they're looking for the same thing. you are well, not really. so the origin of this mission, the juice mission, actually if we go all the way back into the mid to thousands, it was a joint mission with nasa cordele class. and that mission was specifically designed

. the u. s. would go to your roper and focus there, and we would go to ganymede, and those 2 missions would work together. now, there are some politics and some, you know, comings and goings in between. but that's actually what we're doing now. so you wrote a clip of nasa mission will be launching next year and gets there a bit earlier, but he's going to get roper, they have radiation hard technology that we don't have available so readily here. so they're going to focus on the high radiation environment. but they're not going to get to me, so we're going to do that. we're going to do calisto, we're going to do the jupiter itself. so by working together and assigned team of constantly talking to each other, we don't see it as competition at all. in fact, we're going to get much more science out by working together. and we really going to have to wait 8 years or even more to get those 1st. well, i can tell you something, what we do actually have the 1st pictures from the spacecraft on the ground this evening. now they were taken during the departure from earth, and those are just small. webcams, if you like, designed to show us that things have opened up on the, on the satellite,

on its way into it's long a year journey. we publish those to morrow got a little bit of work to do on those to night. but the 1st science results of course, will come at jupiter. we got to fly past the air 3 times pass. venus will take calibration data will take images, but the real stuff comes when we get to jupiter. there's a thing that's important here it's, it's, it's, it's a long journey to get there, but it's partly not only because we need to get enough speed to get there, but we need to arrive in just the right way that we don't actually go straight past it that we can slow down again and go into orbit, and that takes a complicated trajectory, hence this a year journey or whatever. i do not want to be said, we will be following every step of the journey. mama corcoran and the european space agency. thank you. so much my pleasure. thank you for now to france and what may be a victory for now for president manuel mccaul, the highest court. the constitutional council has upheld the government's plans to raise the minimum retirement age. from 62 to 64. the court rejected a call for

a referendum on the issue. thousands of people have been protesting around the country for weeks and promised to continue their fight. president mccoy failed to gain enough support from lawmakers forcing his plans through parliament without a vote on an executive order, which protest is consider undemocratic. during these journalists, cole stangler from the southern framed city of my se tires a burning and some french city streets blockaded. what's happening there where you are, i must say yes a we had a protest that that was taking place earlier. you get up a couple 100 people really in the, in the center of town gathering with, with along with trade unionists, all left wing activists, left wing party officials. they also had a sort of more combative action you might say, occupying some, a train track, sat in the center of town. and in some ways, it's mirroring the sorta of more disruptive tactics that we've been seeing to night across, across for,

as fairly small demonstration ought to night. and unions. again, i should say, have put out a call for yet another day of mobilization on may 1st from the union perspective, they're not saying the battle is over just yet. despite that ruling, as you mentioned, from the coincidence answer is going to get them anyway. yes, it's a very tricky road for, for opponents of the reform really at this age. as you mentioned, that the law has not been approved by the constitutional counsel. if you're in the camp, a protest series, really looking at 2 things. essentially one is eunice, are hoping that if they can continue to mobilize, perhaps a manual, my whole will follow the example set by his predecessors actually lock in 2006 and actually back down after an unpopular or log on has been approved in the face of mass mobilization, that was the 2006 the youth employment contract. unions are sort of hoping for that new another demonstration called for on may 1st. it seems frankly unlikely at this stage given the way the government has his handle, the crisis so far. the other option would be as you measure and there's that

referendum possibility that was actually rejected on by the constitutional counsel . there is another without getting too much too many technical details. there's another referendum proposal i think that the council will be rolling on on may 3rd, if the council gave the green light to that other referendum, it means that in theory, opponents could try to collect enough signatures either to get a referendum. this is never been done. before it should be said in france and a bar is very, very high to actually get that referendum if the constitutional counsel gives its approval. you need 10 percent of the french electric to actually sign on. so we're talking about more than, you know, 4 and a half 1000000 voters siding a petition for the referendum. so a very, very uphill battle. it certainly looks like at this point out of the government as emerging, the taurus, the determination is, is clear. what may not be as clear to who our international view is, is, is the situation that the french are in the average painted age is actually around 60. the country spends double the percentage of g d p, spent at the us on pensions, of the system's running a deficit this year to 1000000000 euros zack,

a balloon to over 20000000000 and 2035. while the population ages, the pool of work is funding, the system shrinks and the government's ruled out raising taxes. what else is it going to do? raise taxes. so the, the financial stability of the system is perhaps not as not as dire as the, as the government has made it out to be. i think the government has its own council that has shown that is through studies that actually we're not talking about a system on the brink of collapse. we are talking about a system that has a deficit in the medium to long term. the question is, how do you address that? but i think, i think an interesting point to focus on is, i think sometimes we say, oh, you know, you look to your friends, the retirement age is so low on compared to other countries. it's somewhat sometimes difficult to compare across our borders. if you look at just that one measure and kept other metrics into consideration one, which is where the age at which people are actually effectively retiring in france, it's around young is around 63 in germany. it's around $65.00, so they're not, not,

not so far are apart on the effective retirement age. another mentor to look at it other than just the eligibility threshold is the year you have to put into the system in order to access a full pension in france. we're talking about, up to 43 years out of the reform on, you know, countries like italy and spain is lower than, as it's under 40 years. so it's difficult to sort of make these comparisons about just the eligibility age or other factors that go into it. i will say one other point about the french retirement system, which is that it's quite a fact that it was very effective. you look at, for instance, the rate of senior poverty in france is the 2nd lowest our poverty rate in the you just, just behind almost a tide with denmark. so a lower senior poverty rate in france when you compared to germany, the u. k. the u. s. it's a system, it's quite effective. i'm the question is, what do you, what do you do to, to stabilize it in the long term? the government has said this is the only route to do it all out of front people disagreed. i think other options are, you know, should be explored. and so life isn't that bad in france, which was the point i was trying to make. but obviously these protests are going to

go on for some time. but we heard i, we heard the, the odds that they're up against their, from coal stangler in my say, thank you very much for bringing us up to date. and for the analysis again on the situation in france. ah, the war in ukraine has brought far reaching changes to europe's security infrastructure, including a much longer border for nato with russia. it's now double in length with finland, joining members no way estonia, latvia, lithuania and poland. share a 1200 kilometer border with russia and its enclave. colleen and grad. finland's border with russia is more than 1300 kilometers long. our correspondent terry schultz reports from e matter on finland's plans to safeguard nato's ne and flank as to more than

a century of self reliance and security. finland now has reinforcement. as the 31st member of nato sharing the alliance guarantee of mutual defense for decades, moscow had warned its western neighbor not to go there. the red light form for the rushes, you know was, are no access into nato. and of course, we were waiting for in some con reaction. we've seen what, what russia has done in ukraine. so basically, anything is possible, no one knows any more, whether there are any lines. the kremlin won't cross. it believed, perhaps half of russian forces normally stationed along the finished border, had been pulled into the war in ukraine. but it's not only soldiers, moscow uses to try to destabilize other countries. there's another tactic it employed several years ago that finland wants to guard against it. a sir significant number of immigrants are pushed by rushes to the finish border and crossing also also finished border and you know, we, we did manage those numbers. um, however,

in all you will never know in all this is kind of a preparation for the future. by this, you ha, martelli us means the fence. finland is building along its border with russia near the city of e matter, about 250 kilometers northeast of helsinki. he muttered. mayor mathias hilton says, for decades, city residence did not think of russia as a threat. large numbers of russians visit or live in a mattress, but that was before the kremlin launched war on ukraine. and now we don't have a look for ability for that any more. and that's why. so we have all fought everything differently and short natural. and that's why here, why ah, it's just so different war than what we were leaving when a half years ago. no one is sure what that different world will look like, and some fear, the worst people who had very clear and plans and no worry about the future there. so maybe i'll put that off for a year and see how things go, you know,

and that kind of thing. so in case what, well, just the uncertainty, i think is what it is. because do you want to invest and put a lot of money into something and then you know, within a year or so, you know, be that it's under somebody else's control or something. it's like imaginary safety . i think the fence wouldn't really matter if they would come with the tanks or some kind of power. the 3 kilometer pilot project is slated to be done this summer, stretching to 200 kilometers over the next several years. and terry shall joins us now from helsinki. terry, a 200 kilometer fence along a 1300 kilometer border. explain how that'll work. well, then it does seem like a very short piece of a very long border, but you know, this will be more than finland's got now. we visited this border area and there's just

a flimsy fence that comes up about to my waist and i'm very short. so the finished government decided that it needed to do something and it analyzed the environment, including the threat environment and decided to deal with the areas that considered most vulnerable border guard. colonel miguel cannon explained to me, they're thinking a, it will be built in the several places which are easily accessible by the beep. and those are the places there is hard to access because there are no roach, not in the raw side or finish side or to area is quite heart. and under the therefore, it's hard to go there and under the people are quite a small number who are able to, to call there. therefore, we can handle dose without defense. then all the other countries that share a border with russia or beller is, have already both experienced these hybrid attacks with migrants and started

building offense. vigilant is the last one to decide to do so. so it just goes again to show how the entire threat perception of russia has changed significantly after the warren ukraine started. there were picking up on that the, this, this threat perception, what wasn't the whole idea of joining nato. that fins wanted to feel safer. and i believe since do feel safer when you're talking about the potential for a military incursion by russia where the other 30 countries, the other 30 members of nato, would come to finland's defense. now, the end and the fence that they're building now is to deal with this other kind of attack the hybrid attack. but, you know, been, i was really struck by some of the, the comments that i heard from things that i've never heard before in all my years of covering this country. the idea that that if you live in this border area by a mater, you would hold off on doing things like making home improvements or upgrading your

summer house. because you never know if the russians might come across the border and try to occupy finished territory, like in the don boss in ukraine, that's the comparison i was given. so people are definitely feeling nervous here, and i think most of them are going to both welcome the fence and nato membership. but just how effective do you think the fence is going to be at the end of the day? i mean, that remains to be seen. finland hasn't experienced these large scale in fluxes of migrants like we saw in the baltics and with poland. but they just believe that this will serve as both a deterrent and a practical way to catch people. if they do start to be pushed across the border, it's not just going to be a fence. there's also going to be a lot more surveillance. and as i said, feeling just felt, it was time that it protected itself better than it's been doing from the for the decades. that it believed russia would not attack, they no longer can be sure of that partial from helsinki. thank you very much for

your reporting. ah. now imagine not knowing about the war in ukraine. oh, the energy crisis or inflation. that's how it's been for an extreme athlete from spain who spent the last 500 days in a cave, with no contact to the outside world. scientists were watching, though, using the cave woman to learn about the effects of extreme isolation. after a year and a half in total isolation under ground, beatrice for many was all smiles. wildly legs were united with the surface world. familiar stimuli came flooding back sunlight. fresh air, and human contact love has the one. in november 2021, the veteran mountaineer and explorer moved into her new home 70 meters below ground . as the subject of an unprecedented experiment. scientists wanted to study the effects of darkness. it isolation on the human body and mind the limit,

especially on circadian rhythms. the bodies internal clock, gusio, which is normally calibrated by sunlight. mother, that was the lesson. what will you figure when like if, if the thieves underground usually it is only one exit to your my, the space if are generally basic. but they're quite hostile for humans visually for their minds. because you don't see any daylight, man, you don't actually perceive that i am going by no means there are no difference if you don't have any existing stimuli, it's always the theme file and the theme found of trickling water. you know what, they'll play a depends handle. it will. throughout the experiment, beatrice, committed to total isolation. she told her team not to contact her for any reason. even if there was a death in her family study in scientists monitored her sleep patterns and other biometrics. the device worn on her wrist and her support team dropped off supplies for her to collect, unrelated time lost its meaning. it's that last yes, oh glen polk back. it's not like the diners passing faster or slower,

it just doesn't boss. it doesn't. i mean, it's always thought in the morning a more or less. but despite the challenges, beatrice called the experience excellent. and even said she didn't want to leave her cave at the end. now that she's back on the surface, the madrid based explore, we'll have her hands full with medical examinations and media requests. but before all that, she said the top priorities were a hot shower and a meal with friends. that she didn't have a shower in that cave. thanks for joining me for another day. follow me on twitter . i've been fas all. and if you'd like to continue the conversation or at the dw news otherwise, enjoy your weekend,

it's very nice. thank you again. bye bye. ah, [000:00:00;00] with india bio diversity in one of the most pollution city the well,

that is like go in the till one environmental john and this baja dots is curious and takes this alone on her journey. how can these regions of biodiversity survive and how can we protect them better ego india? next on d, w. what making the headlines and what's behind them, dw news africa, the show that faculty issues shaping on your life is slowly getting back to normal . yeah. well, the streets to give you enough reports on the inside our cars, on the ground reporting from across the continent. all the trends doesn't matter to you. in 60 minutes thought d w. o,

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