90 nature and craftsmanship in perfect harmony, blue india. in 60 minutes on d. w. i was just curious if you thought say what grade level but this is d. dublin is africa coming up on the program. could the fighting in sedan worse than the regions? humanitarian challenges, tens of thousands flee across the board as many into chad and south sedan, which already under the strain of conflict. we asked just how they will cope. also, coming up kenya is shaken by mass deaths linked to

a religious cult. how could this tragedy occur? and can justice be served kenya's president once the alleged mastermind to face the law territories, use religion to advance that he needs to talk to. people like mr. mckenzie, using religion to do exactly the same thing. plus, as the tech giant meta faces lawsuits over its treatment of work, as in africa, we asked if the continent could become a hub for exploitation in the digital age. a i'm told me aladdin both. thanks for joining us. the fighting incident between the army and the paramilitary rapid support forces is giving rise to a huge humanitarian challenge. people have been fleeing the violence in their tens

of thousands by land sea and air. so far, they've mostly gone north to egypt, west to chad and south to south sedan. but others, particularly foreigners, uncertain ease with foreign visas. a heading to the city of port sedan from where they can get flights or fairies out. others are also transiting through cyprus. these journeys out are themselves dangerous. the un predict more than a quarter of a 1000000 people will cross into neighboring south sedan and chad in the coming days and weeks. but both countries already grappling with insecurity and short of vital aid and supplies. and it was allen mark when armed men came knocking at her door desk he ab delilah deem knew she would have to flee saddam. she's now living in a makeshift tent like so. many of the new arrivals here in a growing refugee camp in neighboring chad. well he had the arms,

then he came to ask us to leave. i knew that plan and we found ourselves here in the wild. what is it? a bit of food, if it had most is not fair. la atlanta, we have kids that horse and i've been raising for 7 years yet. i mean be like that a sub i sent a young guy of the thousands of sudanese now trying to escape the fighting in that country. the majority of crossing the border into chat most that women and children starving and in desperate need of food, water and medical care. but room is running out and resources are scarce. so even the most basic supplies have to be rationed out. or do you not mind the like we had to come all the way here to protect ourselves. we get up now that we're safe. we're facing the lack of food and water lad dallas. and we're also exposed to bad weather because we don't have shelters yet. but kind of

a thought on the sheer scale of the accidents from sudan is threatening to overwhelm chads, overstretched, public services, and resources. it's already home to more than 400000 refugees from across the border. and it's more and more arrive. it's where the country could be pushed to breaking point form on the situation with people fleeing for safety. let's check in with faith casner from the u. s. t r's. regional office. welcome to dw faith. now there is the projected figure of $270000.00 expected refugees pouring into tad and south sedan. how can these host nations cope when the already struggling to cater for their own people? thank you to me. i mean, this is the situation that we're, we are in, we're grappling with, essentially, complexities of the situation that we find ourselves in this year. i have also

people the fee, and this is dan underwriting. you, me very them. so, you know, already have existing a better g and he's already dismissed people. i mean, it's making, but was a humana a day when you can see even even more died. right as a nation, some of those leaving. so darn us out. sudanese refugees who had been in sedan, they're worry about as they go back and ensuring that they don't go back into harm's way. we're doing everything that we can as in is here to ensure that even those who are coming into cells now i'm going to run this safety i, you know, and where they can be protected as the rent. he said, these are refugees who fled country but who still have family connections. community networks already existing in the country and out of their own volition

have said that, you know, they're able to make their way, or is it to their home for those that are not able to go themselves unit is looking to provide and trust, transport assistance to these home here, i mean, we hope that the, you know, the refugees every time we need to our areas where they will be safe. and you know, we are trying to ensure that safety is paid on even from when it around when they arrive in order to know where the, where they end up. busy and as we know, the fighting is indiscriminate. so given some of your colleagues are caught up in this situation and, and i've had to move to safety. how does this affect what you're able to deliver to the displace people? i mean, as a regular said, you just significantly as an organization,

as managers to respond to people's needs to be able to access some of these areas where, you know, you know, that have been, had this, th, by the fighting, you know, because of the security and a temporary, close a racial, but we remain in touch the refugee refugee communities, community networks that were able to share information. and they were able to be the refugees. encouraging them to shelter in case and in the to avoid unnecessary with the areas that are not affected by the fighting. we're trying to as safely as we can continue with our activities where security and either raises so very difficult situation that has been made even more complex

because of the situation and our unity, our regional spokesperson, thank you for speaking to us. ease, awe, shock has gripped kenya following the discovery of mass graves linked to a religious cult elisa investigating pastor john mackenzie and banga, who's accused of directing his followers to starve themselves to death. so they could meet jesus more than a 100 bodies, including some of the children have been exempt from the shallow graves. in the shack, a hall of forest near kenya's cause where the church was based. now another pastor with a much higher profile has also been arrested and is facing charges relating to what police call the mass killing of his followers. although the 2 cases have not been officially linked,

kanyes president william router has promised swift action the government of kenya. and i have instructed the agencies responsible to take up the matter and to get to the root cause and to the bottom of the activities of religious or people who want to use religion to advance. we add unacceptable. ideology, terrorists use religion to advance their heaney us up. people like mr. mckenzie. i using religion to do exactly the same thing. so how does one get sucked into such called or called like organizations? a question i put to iran go holton, the director of amnesty international in kenya. i think in the case of the land faith, we've really been concerned about radicalization and terrorism for several decades

now. so in the islamic faith, there is a fairly robust count of counter violent extremism culture and set of programs that have been running. but i think for the christian community, this is increasingly becoming a matter of concern in the, in recent years. but i think the drivers are probably kind of 3 or 4. the 1st is that, you know, over 40 years ago the all africa conference is churches rate. the alarm about the emergence of evangelical prosperity, churches, churches that promised prosperity to their followers. and the cult of the, of the leader, the cult of the religious leader. so it's not something that just started yesterday . i think there's been a real concern that without regulation and without oversight. and it is possible for anybody to set up a business or a cult in the name of religion and essentially brainwashed their followers. so i

think that one drive in the 2nd driver is that, you know, kenya is increasingly grappling with the cost of living in poverty and inequality. in the sense of hopelessness for many kenyans is increasing day by day. and i think any person that can promise a better after life or a freedom in another life is increasing, becoming more popular in the sense that the economy is failing. you called for as mr. you called for swift prosecution book, what kind of charges would hold. i mean, brainwash in itself isn't particularly against the lawyers. it so there are a number of things that have been discussed. the 1st of course, is i guess the one which is that under section 266 of the penal code, helping somebody to commit suicide or assisted suicide is unlawful. unfortunately, it is in terms of this case, it is

a misdemeanor and trouble no more than 2 to 3 years in prison. which pale really in the context of what we've been, what we've seen in shaka holler. the 2nd is really to look at. this is a mass crime and some people have said that they are interested in looking at this from the lens of international law. and particularly, i guess some of the legislation that assisted the i, c c and the 3rd area related to terrorism and them that this is a mother formal terrorism. unfortunately, you know, either the mass crime or the terrorism charges bike, you know, our lawyers looked at this. and despite the, the heart that we feel in terms of psycho holla, it is unlikely that the threshold has been met. and of course the for area potentially the, the prosecutors will look at will be the issue of child abuse. and here we do have a strong legislation that would actually look away perpetrators

for a very long time. if it is found that they have used mine and they have led to the death of mine and seen one catholic, archbishop actually suggests that the government should or is all reggie religious leaders. what do you think the government should be doing? i should have done to prevent this case or the cases like it. why think the 3 things that really we must citizens and civic organizations and can do that. we must demand right now. the 1st is accountability for why the intelligence services. why the investigative and police agencies did not catch this? it is very clear that the, the lead of this particular cult, patrick mackenzie, had been arrested for similar concerns. and somehow he managed to be released by court of law. i think the 2nd area really relates to is it time now to recognize it more closely religious body and then show that they are essentially brought under

close oversight, not only by their own apex association, so great a self regulation, but i think regulation by the state within the constitutional principle of freedom, religion, i think we don't want to see any call back in terms of that freedom can you has been one of the more liberal society in terms of the right to religion. but we do need to see greater effect right here and go always good to speak to you as iran go hudson, the director of amnesty international speaking to us from ruby. thank you. thank you, tommy ah. as the digital age advances, some of the world's largest tech companies are increasingly outsourcing work to africa as a the appeal of a continent with a lives tech savvy workforce that also frankly, cheaper to employ. but that's raise criticism that these african workers could also

be expandable in digital sweatshops. that's the claim of a 43 people in nairobi, kenya who worked for a company that moderated content for facebook. they say their employers paid little care to their well being, as they did their jobs, which involved regularly watching, disturbing content. they were later laid off and that prompted them to sue the 2 firms. did of the correspondent marilla met 2 of these former content moderators for legal and security reasons. we've hidden the identities during the recent war in ethiopia to gray region theory fled the country and moved to kenya. she thought she was leaving behind the trauma. she had witnessed 1st hand in nairobi, she got a job working as a content moderator for facebook, not knowing what she had signed up for. watching shocking videos, day in day out, there was no escaping the trauma. all you see a slaughter dismembered bodies,

people being burned alive. and once you see if you can't unsafe, especially for those of us who have relatives and to grey, where the war was happening, watching your people doing those things to each other is shocking. even though the pay was only $2.00 per hour, she didn't quit. she needed the money to survive and felt trapped for more than 2 years. fiore watched grew some videos like these from the war and to gray. her job was to flag them so they could be deleted. torture and executions. sometimes even live streamed by soldiers. sama is facebook's outsourcing company that employed her. they sometimes offered so called wellness time, 20 minutes with a counselor, but it was no help as she wasn't allowed to talk about what she'd seen. i'm afraid i became desensitized. i don't react to seeing blood or dismembered bodies because

i sought for hours every day. i don't feel like i'm part of normal society, any more program in the past, facebook has been accused of not doing enough to prevent the spread of incitement to violence in ethiopia. fiore says that that's because only around 20 people worked on the content on the warrant to gray, far too small a tame to effectively block harmful and inciting content. her colleague, i what says they only had 55 seconds to review each video. if you were to slow or made mistakes, you were at risk of being fired. bonham, when i've already been abused and exploited over, i expect from mark zuckerberg that if he didn't know, he should understand what type of work this is. he needs to know that on deal with it or what says his work changed him from being out. going to being reclusive and paranoid,

watching up to $3500.00 graphic videos per week would break any one. he says this january samus act $260.00 content moderators, including a what and fury, citing the economic climate. but coming so soon after another content moderator, sued facebook over mental health issues. many x sama employees say it looks like facebook is trying to shed its responsibility to its workforce. they feel facebook treated them as if they were disposable. and we did ask sama and facebook the comment, but did not get a reply that speak now to nigeria. assembly from the carnegie endowment for international peace. she joins us from now. we, she's a researcher, and expert and all things tech policy. so i think the right person to talk to right now, welcome to the w, news african and jr. niger. now this matter case is still in court, so we won't delve into the details specifically,

but looking overall at the growth of tech companies, looking for cheap labor in africa. are we at the risk of seeing exploitation? seeing that, you know, the growth of digital sweatshops in africa. thanks to that question. tommy, indeed, there is a huge risk of that simply because there aren't sufficient guardrails in effect and that regulate how this labor is tapped into. so what has been registering, i think globally is that africa is emerging as a market that has a young energetic workforce that can, you know, take on any job that will make a difference. and sometimes, many of them are even below minimum wage. but above anything that they didn't have . so the compared to nothing sort of a metric then allows a lot of room for data and over there in the did exploitation of labor. something that does need labor laws in every country to focus on the digital economy or the

geek economy, as it's called many african countries are betting on a digital economy to, to provide jobs for their people. you know, unemployment is, is a major issue. so we see them looking at this, particularly from a business side of things. but how prepared are they to adequately regulate this emerging digital workforce? yeah, this is a very good and salient question. one that should be informing a lot of debate in many countries. i think often we're given this false dichotomy that you know, something is better than nothing. some jobs, however precarious, better than new jobs. yet the truth is that we do need to, we can do both things. we can ensure that there are viable regulatory mechanisms in motion to protect the rights of workers, inasmuch as we are in a sense, desperate for these jobs to be brought to our corners. and i think what we're also seeing is that, you know, because it's young people and you know, a lot of public policy stances in many african countries as there aren't formal

jobs, go into the economy. you go into the digital rome and make it on your own in entrepreneurship . we've sort of seen a posture of leaving people to the wilderness. yet we do have, in many countries, existing labor laws, many that are also being revised even in the international labor organization. to talk about how the adapted to the digital age. we need that to continue being advocated for in local communities because we don't need to be setting people off to be exploited when there could be better ways to actually ensure that we get the best of both aspects. and on a related note in the west, there is a lot of talk about, you know, securing of data protection. you know, the, you, as a law protecting people from being exploited. we see, you know, things like the g, d, p r. however, african countries will any progress in that regard? yes, we have seen a lot of movement in african countries. i think approximately 20 or so in a position where they either have a law in effect or, or in near effect around

a to protection. many of them mirror the g d p r. and that's a very interesting sort of normative super par element to the european union's regulations. a lot of it is also driven by the fact that a lot of these g d, p r g data protection requirements are part of the conditions were trading with countries. so that has caused a lot of movement, the missing link. now under continuing, want to explore is how those rights now enshrined in law are also put in effect in the local ecosystem. in kenya, for example, the office of the data protection commissioner, i think, has been in effect since 2019 and is now trying to see how over and above how you know, can you treat that you? how can those laws apply to the canyon ecosystem? and that's been an interesting movement to note. so hopefully we can start seeing that a lot more and, and number of other african countries to stem, the sort of abuse or misuse of our being online or our data as we generate that we

generate as we engage online, into our devices. and that takes us to another issue, which is artificial intelligence that is the talk of the town at the moment we're seeing the rise of all these, these platforms, these apps, you know, we have dolly, we have chat, g, b, t, and all. where do african countries stand in terms of addressing the issue, or are they still playing catch up? i suppose we're still playing catch up, which is not necessarily a bad thing. and you know, there's an advantage of seeing how different countries and other jurisdictions respond to this. so for example, seeing italy sort of place a temporary back on the use of chat, g b t will have interesting implications in so far as what our lessons to be learned from what we need to do in so far as the kinds of regulations or guardrail to put in place true legal instruments in different countries, all too often to rush to regulate or legislate ends up with stringent postures that end up we've been having, hurting, and harming the local economy more than protecting as is desired. so in this case,

i think we've seen a lot more of sort of nonchalance with even african uses with judge b t, dolly and others. the fact that, you know, not too many people will be using, it also creates a different sort of layer of complexity and so far as how african countries go about it. given the fact that we're still in the early stages of connecting everyone to this digital economy. so i think african countries and other regions of the world that are still in the early stage of digital economies can approach content. no regency approach and offer more guidelines to the citizens into their businesses. rather than just coming down to the heavy hand of legislation that restricts and india isn't instructive. example where they've opted rather than banning such an artificial intelligence tools to take on a more proactive stance as the government, as regulators and legislators on how they can provide guidelines that help grow their own economy. so there's something there to be learned for african countries as well,

and that's what we'll leave it and i'll see you next time. ah aa 3 and

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ah with . ready ego indian, these bridges are ally ah, men college living route bridges in northeastern indian are woven from intact tree roots losing a traditional technique in uniting nature and craftsmanship in perfect

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