now the mystery has been solved. what turns weighs into monsters. 42, the answer to almost everything. with these places in europe are smashing all the records. step into a bold adventure. it's the treasure map for modern globetrotters. discover some of you are to record breaking sites on google maps. you too. and now also in book form with b is a life on other planets, maybe even somewhere in our own solar system. and if so, how do we get there? we have never had more space missions that we do right now. what are they all about? we'll give you an overview. welcome to tomorrow, today's d. w. science magazine. ah,

ah . what. what did you space tried with launch successfully? mid april, after one day delay, i knew it would never be cool. has the european space agency sent a probe on such a long journey? it will travel around 6000000000 kilometers. it's mission to find out where the life is possible on jupiter means. mm hm. the i see moons of jupiter, strong candidates for extra terrestrial life. what are they hiding beneath their surfaces? ah, could life really exist there?

in the jew space, probe needs to gain momentum with several fly vice before getting on course. after 8, use an orbit, it should reach its destination, the largest planet in the solar system. jupiter planetary researchers are interested in 3 of jupiter's moon's icy worlds, where there could have also developed life at some point. wanted to see the written find in life out there in joanne system is even more exciting than find in life. let's say a marse nichols marson earth could have had exchange of bacteria was the meteorites. so if we would find life there, we know it's developed separately from the on earth and that's married. say the

italian astronomer, galileo galilee, was the 1st person to observe jupiter's large icy moons, but only as tiny dots. back in 1610 the spacecraft images now give us a much better view. the moons are close together but have very different surfaces. in the 1990s, the galileo research probe made spectacular discoveries. indications that salt water lies hidden beneath the surface of jupiter's moods. and on europa, maybe even a subterranean ocean, it could even have twice as much water as herbs. ocean's water in its liquid state is considered to be the most important prerequisite for the development of life. but how can liquid water exist in a world that has minus 160 degrees celsius? jupiter's gravity makes it possible. it pulls on the moons to varying

degrees as they orbit. and this creates tidal forces which distort the form of the moons. the resulting friction heats the icy world's interiors. like if you really do your walk on the like rubber band or something, this also becomes warmer. that's the tension there. it stresses inside the body that creek for the same thing actually, but in larger scale, much lighter scale happens on those i satellites. so does that mean calisto, the outermost moon and ganymede, the largest of the 3 moons could also have subterranean oceans. the juice spacecraft will use several special instruments to investigate that. one of them is called a laser altimeter license, developed by an international team of researchers. it's used to bombard ganymede with laser pulses to determine how much the moon is being distorted with all the

resulting data should reveal whether an ocean is actually hiding beneath ganymede surface. and is also young if the ocean is what we imagine it to be based on the model calculations and the current data and then beneath the ice and there's an ocean several 100 kilometers deep. and that would actually be more water than all of the oceans on earth combined. i'm going to find out juice will need to enter orbit around ganymede, becoming the 1st spacecraft to orbit another planets, moon it's instruments can study the composition of the distant world. how thick is the icy crust? and how deep does the liquid water run? what other substances does it contain? if any, does it touch bedrock at the bottom? we are familiar with the conditions that facilitate life on earth, all the plants and almost dead populate our planet, have evolved over billions of years. a diversity that originates from the sea,

where single celled creatures 1st developed they formed in the hot springs on the ocean's floor, which provided important nutrients to my groves. of the 3 moves europa is considered to be the most potentially friendly to life because it orbits closer to jupiter than the other 2. that means it's heated more by title forces. there could be hot springs on it. c, bed juice will look for any indications of such springs. the hubble space telescope as detected water blues erupting on jupiter's moon europa. are they caused by water shooting up through cracks in the eyes, just like geysers do here on earth. if it's straw that europa would have the jets, we won't have the direct measurement of the water that comes from the surface,

or maybe from the pockets in the ice. we are that's still to figure out. so from that point of view, i'm very interested in your elbows. this camera will play an important role in this research. tests are being conducted on its electronics here. that camera is expected to record the moon's light in 13 different spectral ranges. the resulting data should show us what these i see worlds are made of, and what processes have shaped them. another aim is to map the entire service of ganymede in high resolution and take very detailed pictures of selected regions. for example, images of places in the eyes that are so warm that it's melting and which could provide landing sites for future missions, looking for alive,

warm spots like this have already been discovered on europa juice plans to study the i. c, moons, and jupiter, for 4 years. the earth was able to develop thanks to jupiter's gravity, which is why it's become a test model for the search for habitable worlds orbiting around other sons. if we really can find that this, i satellites a habitable that increases our probability to find life also in distance stars somewhere else that will be assist them, which is similar to the jupiter system. and if life possible, he'll actually be possible law to thousands of planets have already been discovered in the depths of space. many of these distant unreachable worlds are made up of gas just like jupiter. perhaps the juice mission may even be able to expand our knowledge of the environments of other stars.

and now to the s me a few weeks ago nasa introduced its 1st. ready lincoln in 50 years. it includes a canadian, as well as the 1st african american. and the 1st woman assign miss. ah, this said to do a luna fly by late next year. nasa already sent a spacecraft to the moon last year containing plastic mannequins equipped with radiation. measuring devices splashed out in december. the o'ryan capsule successfully landed in the pacific ocean. there's precious cargo and board plastic dolls equipped with instruments to measure radiation. they had been flying across space and around the moon on a ryan for $25.00 days. now the dolls are back at the german aerospace center or d,

a law in cologne with radiation physicist thomas bagger the deal or is heading up this international research project. he's a corporate with us, he'll be up for a co op for this. i know that chris is a very valuable head. it belongs to. one of the 2 phantoms are the head is filled with radiation, measuring devices and detectors for fixing, rather than guns. they're in all of the dolls, and it is of course, nice for every researcher that the data analysis can begin. once the experiment has been conducted. picking the 2 standard torsos which the researchers have named helga and so are, are made from individual plastic discs of various densities meant to replicate human. oregon's are so called active radiation detectors are built into the desks, along with thousands of tiny crystals that take passive measurements. friendship. basically, they store the ionizing radiation that hits the crystal in the crystal lattice of

anger. and when the crystal is then heated for re evaluation things, it emits stored energy in the form of light halls disease. this light can be measured and the light that was emitted by the crystal is proportional to the radiation dose that is crystal absorbed over the period of the experimenters. so long absorber took from front isn't 5 of these assets were built into the phantoms . you are the right lung, left lung, stomach, uterus, and spinal cord, respectively. because these are the most radiation sensitive organs in the human body. lynch recon couples to swing. that's why we can fear radically now. say how high the radiation dose was in the lungs on the 5th day of the flight to the moon, for example, from park that for was to molten work. the resulting measurements are important because astronauts will travel into space again as early as 2024 for the r m as to

flight and need to be protected accordingly and left off of hardness. what we rise to get after the mission. another task is waiting. the o'ryan spacecraft covered 2000000 flight kilometers on the artemus one. and now the scientists involved are analyzing the data. so far everything seems to be working in principle, including the interaction between the rocket and the spacecraft. you know, we push the vehicle. i further than we probably were with the crew on board, but through that we learned a lot. we learned that the vehicle is more robust than we thought and many area boats and divers hughes. how nasa responded to the mission immediately after landing artemus one passed the crash test. despite being under immense stress. lang at this logan, it flew longer faster with greater radiation exposure among many other things feeling so really the goal was to stress test the system to make sure that artemus too, will really work because there will be people sitting in it don't mention that offset

. some of the time and one airbus in bremond is also reporting positive results. here an important key part of the orion spacecraft is being assembled in these clean rooms. the spacecraft consists of several parts. the capsule where the mannequin satin artemus one and astronauts wilson artemus to, along with the propulsion module which supplies the astronauts with electricity, air, and water during the flight deal. hm. we actually used the 1st mission to put the module through rigorous testing. and we learned as that he generated 15 percent more power because it just has very good solar panels. it does. we also found that the propulsion system is very efficient overall. we used nearly 2 tons of fuel, which is roughly 20 percent less venial for paul. he could be one of the astronauts on the next artemus mission. e essay. astronaut alexander guest is here in the air bus clean room that threw him a toilet. a thoughtful of course, it's always great. as him astronaut,

he had to stand in front of the hardware. you could, it's inspiring to think that this vehicle will carry people to the moon and that a european astronaut may be one of them. that's a great vision for the forced hello. but there is one thing giving nasa a headache during the return flight to earth. the capsule was damaged even though it plunged back to earth at the speed of 40000 kilometers per hour as planned. it was subjected to extreme heat as it re entered the earth's atmosphere. i knew they could also, one of the big lessons was that the capitals here projection got damaged when it re entered the atmosphere in the atmosphere. thus, as thought with the height is so intense that it causes parts of it to come off. but it was more than we had hoped. one up comment. the question is why and how was it distributed? the for august, lot own on the board is for power. we have sensors on the inside that actually indicated where the heat distribution and where the erosion is. and we need to understand why that's different areas, the honest along with miss and 50 and model. that's one of the things we're working

on right now. thing, i'm only gonna bite that a moment back in cologne. scientists are opening a box that contains a radiation vest worn by one of the 2 mannequins on the flight. to accommodate is of as to the basic idea of this message is that when the astronauts fly in space on an orion mission or other future exploration mission. so was this vest should provide an additional level of protection against radiation, especially during a solar flare other than which happens when the sun is very active. and this is astro rad vesting was developed to provide protection against that extra dose of radiation room. in 2025. artemus 3 could then land humans on the moon for the 1st time since 1972. the insights provided by artemus one are paving the way for exactly that.

no sir. the u. s. space agency is re outfitting of astronauts will few to me landing these dates are very different from the bulky uniforms of yesteryear. astronauts will now be able to vend or squat more easily so that they can pick up samples from the dentist surface. the new seats, which include a helmet visor, piece, and the kind of backpack we developed over a 10 year period and of designed to provide basic protection against the extreme conditions of space. i would only known it's been 50 years since human beings walked on the moon. the astronauts danced for joy on the moon's surface. wearing nasa's legendary apollo space suits or nasa unveiled the next generation of space suits in houston, texas in march. astronauts will be wearing them on their next journey to the moon

and b r i. morning. we're developing a space suit for a new generation, the artemus generation, the generation that's going to take us back to the moon and on to mars. i'm a, let him do some squab, the new space suits, are much more flexible and comfortable than their predecessors ability, but production delays and exorbitant costs have me designing them a challenge as nasa is prepared to spend up to $3500000000.00 on the new suit because they will need to meet extraordinary requirements. so yeah, that's a great, great demonstration. everybody moving december 20th 1999 nasa's space shuttle discovery blasts offer outer space swiss astronaut club nichol ye is on board. and he's very familiar with the pitfalls of the old space suits. position visibility is very limited. you can only see straight ahead.

you can't see anything below you. above you are on either side. the gloves are pressurized and relatively stiff. housing nuclear was the 1st european astronaut to walk in. space is assignment repairing the hubble space telescope. he worked for 8 hours on the task, protected only by his space suit. while doing so, he experienced a potentially dangerous situation, which he described later on german television. oh, i mean, one time i had a problem with the pressurized suit. i pagger got an indicator went off that carbon dioxide levels inside the suit were way too high. i know that can be very dangerous . and i was talking to him either. it was just the malfunction,

but i was worried that i would have to abandon the repairs on amazon a slightly modified version of the space suit that cloud nichol ye war 20 years ago is to use today. home german astronaut, 2 must i to has also seen the earth from outer space. he believes the suit has to be one thing above all else. reliable. that's the reason they cost so much. the be an open house, let them get tested until the suits are put through rigorous testing on the live support systems that are basically carried on your back have been extremely miniaturized, and they have to be very reliable and easy to maintain electric items in mrs vas line all those factors lead to the high price tag. if you're not even go to dusty and declaw latoya, new space suit will make it steep you in 2025 worn by the 1st female astronaut to set foot on the moon. it's very likely

that she too will dance for joy in her new and improved suit. or if i'm a little read, why i believe you ladies? do you have a science question? i will send it to us in a video text, a voice message. if we answer it on the, i will send you a little surprise as our way of thanking you. you can find us on the web. cam on just does. this week's question comes from a mere hallett from bosnia herzegovina. d, y is the earth's exo sphere. so much hotter than the space surrounding it. the earth's atmosphere consists of several layers with different temperatures. whether phenomena occur in the lowest part, the troposphere, the higher the altitude,

the lower the temperature drops, which can reach minus 50 degrees celsius. the stratosphere above that is where the sun's uv rays are absorbed. that's why the temperature in this layer rises up to 0 degrees celsius. the mezzo sphere stops cosmic dust particles in their tracks. it's outer limits is where earth's coldest naturally occurring. temperatures are to be found at minus 80 degrees celsius. whereas in the thermos sphere where the international space station is located, temperatures reach up to 1500 degrees. above that is the x so sphere, the nearest layer to outer space temperatures there can reach a 1000 degrees celsius. in 1972 american apollo astronauts on the moon photograph the earth's atmosphere in ultraviolet light.

the ex so sphere can be plainly seen in the pictures as a glowing vale 50 years later. the so how space pro, which is actually exploring the sun, was able to prove that our earth's outermost atmospheric layer reaches much further into space than previously thought. it extends out into space 50 times, the length of the earth's diameter even reaching far beyond the moment. but how can the temperature of the excess fear be a 1000 degrees when the temperature of the space right next to it is a chilly minus 270 it can do so because the temperature corresponds to the speed of the particles within it. the slower they were all around, the colder it is. when the particles move faster, the temperature rises. the exit fear is made mostly from hydrogen,

the lightest of all particles. whereas the lower layers of the atmosphere contain all the heavy atoms and molecules. they move much more slowly than the tiny hydrogen particles of the ex, a sphere. the zip around so quickly that the even escaping earth's gravity. but a normal thermometer would not be able to measure the excess spheres 1000 degrees. the gas density is much too low to allow a measurable heat transmission. on the moon, there is just one hydrogen atom per 5 cubic centimeters of space, which is virtually nothing for several months now. we've had a better deal of everything that's beyond our f asada system and even beyond our galaxy. oh, thanks to the james web tennis. got it started. it's jenny in december

2021 and it's doing its job perfectly. do nasa's ginge web space telescope has opened the door to a new understanding of space. it's instruments, capture infrared raise, resulting in these fantastic images. this one shows the so called cosmic cliffs of the corina, nebula algebra and glasser is one of the many scientists who help to design and build the telescope. he says the results have exceeded all expectations. the quality of the data is really stunning quickly. what we're seeing is really spectacular in, on the one hand we have beautiful images, but we also have scientific data, which is really valuable to us. a photo of the planet jupiter, in a whole new light with visible auroras at its north and south poles. the so called pillars of creation, or a region in space where stars are born,

the red spots are stars at the beginning of their lives. james web shows us galaxies in distances, never observe before well over 13000000000 light years away as those of i. so this is as far as we've ever gotten you on the 400000000 years after the big bang, that's our records. we used to think that we couldn't look back that far of having this evidence now is already a big breakthrough. say thoughtful. it took 6 months to commission this extremely complex telescope. it seems a miracle that everything managed to work out. oddly on browser was at the control center in the usa at the time. this vall, that was fantastic to witnessing me because everything really went very smoothly, leaf, actually better than expected. and of course, when you see the 1st data, you can already see galaxies everywhere. you know, even though it's only just getting started, you know, we've already developed a sense of what still to columns of columbia ah,

one year after launching. it's already clear. the james web telescope will revolutionize our understanding of space. that's it for this edition of tomorrow today. glad he could join us and had to see you again next week. till then stay curious. i bank with ah, ah, ah, ah, with

ah, ah! with the gigantic wings that swallow ships were long thought to be tall tales told by sailors and it's magic. it's the kind of magic now the mystery has been solved. what turns waves into monsters?

42. the answer to almost everything. to me. in good shape. keep your feet fit after all, you use them along the equivalent of about 4 trips around the world by the end of your life. how can we keep our feet healthy? so we say pain free. what should we know about them? how can we give them a break, and what can our hands do for our feet in good shape? or in 30 minutes on d, w. o. and cha nearby of office. i am

currently more people than ever on the move. mold wife in such a better life. one of us and so it as a committed god, that largely goes out. ashley love the now here is it america? didn't i didn't know the god bagley or finance double pay. the thing nanda donation one back to the gun. find out about rubinez story in some migraines, reliable news for migrant. wherever they may be. time once again for a brain update, it's magic. it's the kind of magic the because this orchestra called the brain continuously adapts in cells. and so we ask a few astute questions. are we smarter e swarms or us cycle?

oh, what causes monster waves? how powerful are your thoughts? however, we can control our thoughts, which makes us very power. came. we have to learn a lot and we do that through play. questions about life, the universe and the kind of like a superpower. our series of 40 to the answers almost everything this week on d w ah, this is dw news, and these are our top stories. thousands of evacuated from the fighting in sue don, have arrived in the port city of jetta and saudi arabia. war are expected to make the passage across the red sea including a convoy of you.