the, the berlin, 90 years ago, on the 10th of may 1933 terms, students threw tens of thousands of books into a huge on fire right here, where i'm standing in the center fill in in the next few hours. and that was just the beginning from hitler's rise to power to the hollow coast. and finally the destruction of central europe and the 2nd world war.

in this video, we will find out why the nazis and others for an folks. and we will show how the nazi book for any pace to wait for the killing of millions of people. the joseph douglas, hitler's minister for propaganda, spoke of the debris of the past that had to be during. what did you mean by that? that settled back to germany during the 1920 in the golden twenty's building was the 3rd largest city in the world and may be the most exciting cultural metropolis. the german film industry was driving and 1927 foot length movie metropolis film. the box offices in 1928 the 12 right. 3 penny, oprah started its success story that would spread around the world to send in 1929

. eric maria remarks best sell i or one to 2 on the west and from it would become one of the most successful gentlemen folk women swells were also changing. in the weimer republic, the 1st term and democracy women were allowed to vote and to choose their own profession. and something were extremely successful. like him got claimed, as the scot schuler, and the key bones, all the same as riotous in building female writers also were taking part in the minds of the rama republic. they have the same discussions on the important issues of the time on the idea of a new liberal society like v, i, the not proceed in the weimar republic was not only kind of a political movement, but also we can see that in the different fields of arts, especially in writing,

they weren't starting to find new ways to express ideas, but also to yeah, to experiment with different styles. but there was the dark side to the why my republic as well. the democratic system was not stable. people felt cheated by the peace treaty after the 1st world war, but include a tire reparation payments for germany. all street crash off 1929 likewise. hit the gentleman's heart. in 1942, nearly 6000000 to them and square unemployed. nazis and communists were fighting in the straits of phil in it was the democracy. yet with a fatal lack of democrats. all of this match to hitler's rise to power. the in january 1930,

sweet typically became german chancellor. but the nazi who was also not stables, the knots immediately started to get rid of their enemies. the no, we're going to visit a very unique. he is in the center full, persecuted, arts and zoning and the west of too many. it focuses exclusively on artists who have been victims of terra and violence. here we're going to find out whose books have been burned and what happened to the office the using direct to using come cutter and to writer a bill to such a going to introduce us to artist silver hated by the nazis the this account here in the center for

persecuted arts. um there are displayed many, many also subaru, band and to many during the nazi period. could you just give us an overview? who was, who, who were the artists were not. well come in germany anymore. on artist who were not into so called fox combined shaft. so everybody who has nots in that seo opinion was not accepted from the nazis. they declared who is in and who's out out where absolutely all the jews the on to come you this pause of the roots of the social democrats and all the people who were not common was is not c sinking also. so like against the law, had to flee immediately, wins and nazi's and came into power. at the end of january 9033,

he escaped in the united from his flat. for the nazis said, we have to find total cause he is so a games denazi's. so we have to, we have to catch him. he was a no, that's a liberal call me on this or left wing social democrats. and he wants to do, and he was a person the enemy of how do i fit in his play will turn on change from 1923 told i had really killed hit to the rest of pied piper. and one of the dangers of fried wing radicals. because today in germany, every citizen must think only of the nazi leader dictates. every book, not in line with nazi dot from the work of liberal thinkers. the writings of all jews are, sees, been firm so thoroughly organized does not say domination of the individual. but there is not a single job on the home of escape. per bedroom in every village. in

everett town and city are storm trooper from booths headquarters, the local party leader direct his district campaign of the box victims were persecuted and this film created for us audience re enacted the terrible events that took place into him. and he, in the spring of 1973, the next one to work as an artist, as an also. so because an artist as a musician, r, as in an extra you have to be member also heis good to come on. the nazis did i exclude to a come up, told all of the cultural lights in nazi germany. denazi's decided who is in that ice. come on, come on. what's not in the device split to come. if you're not into an ice crew to come out, you're not allow the to work officially in to dodge size. as an artist, the cultural elite of the why more republic was out. so you could not publish. it

could not go into a stage on a theater. you cannot walk in the movie. you could not be ex image and then use the are in the gallery or something us the in the showcase this works and documented blacklisted writers. a display in may 1933 more than 200 also were on blacklist and fine 1974, but blacklist included more than 3500 works. the nazis tried to erase the memory of a whole generation of german rights, and among them were many women who had just started to gain political equality and career opportunities. now the tide had turned what was the i

do women in the eyes of denazi's, mother and mother to many, many children. and that was it. so women have to be supportive of the men. and the idea of the rights, which was yes, reading german children all over a big in germany and women like as an special ed did not at all fit in that but no of course not enough to shoot up was the gym and jewish poets and play right, a leading seaman artist of german expressionist and a definitely personality. she was divorced twice she had a son, was not born in one of her marriages, but she was very individualistic. she was very independent and and of course she took her agency. she took the room, she really spread the id is uh yeah, liberty of,

of empowerment. but also she was, was kind of a queer artist, even though she was like, she was not a queer person, but she was performing gender and she was courageous and a place she lead. actor saves proof projects, lines the counselors, many, many of those programs. and they canceled her her play, i took all the most. so that was in march 1933. and she had to escape because she was attacked by members of the as in the streets in berlin. what happened to is alaska, sheila, after she had to leave germany, she 1st went in switzerland and from then she travels a bit and then she yeah. okay. 2 pedals time and and 1945. she died in jerusalem. toner, hips, as person. an enemy lived as an excellent in the united states. and 1939. he was

bankrupt and depressed. he carried all the time slick at of all, presumably suitcase. and this was the moment when you can decide that this is my last a possibility to be free to make the decision to go out of this size. and this is a disaster ending, but this is the ending of ends total and it fits completely to us to this red color . and consequently, he was one of many persecuted artist who committed suicide or well killed like right. a call for not yet. she who died and not see arrest or eric lose um, who was killed in a concentration come. what was happening in germany was no secret. on may 10th 1933 more than 100000 people protested in u. s. cities against hitler. american books, by the way, web burned on this day to like works by optim,

saint clair and ernest hemingway a us national icon reacted as well. the deaf blind while i to helen keller, she wrote an open letter to the nazi organize us of the book, burning, saying, history has taught you nothing. if you think you can kill ideas, tyrants have tried to do that also before. and the ideas have risen up in their might and destroyed them actually being born under nazi who she might not even have survive childhood. denazi's racial hygiene program was responsible for killing hundreds of thousands of disabled persons. ready the . ready finish this chain book shelves are located on the ground. they controlled around 20000 folks about as many as the nazis frontier in 1933. today this empty

library, as the memorial side created by is really artist myisha omen. books are incredibly powerful. every also retiree and regime fits them and no story proves that better than this one. now if any of you guys ever seen one of these bad things for real we birds, almost every physical book in the country. about the time you guys grow up, there won't be one book. bird ray bradbury wrote the dist tokyo novel in 1953 in spite. it's either not simple, especially the 6 past mr. trust. you're an expert on the subject of the book or any language. why didn't denazi's actually burn books? they could have just found them by the time and by then they did both of them. but i know that's when the book burning took place here in berlin and many other places in germany. the book bands had already begun for the things i knew that these are

the herds of libraries had begun in february, march 19, 33, and 1. 1 board is here in berlin, and indexing committee was set up under the leadership of books cunningham. i'm going to search the catalogues for so called about hostile literature and you'll find that and that's what, that's what i'm, what was the meaning of the fire as it as play? yeah, it's, yeah, fire is traditionally a simple that stands not only for destruction but also in a certain way for read you the nation on can give us otherwise. i'll fill you in. the national socialists also worked with this symbolism and this metaphor. i'm the not to neither tend to know if the opposite. the orchestration of the book burnings in 1933 is reminiscent of religious ceremonies, typical of nazi events. i left word mother had it

unplugged german radio listeners could follow the report life. the radio was one of the most important propaganda tools of the nazi regime and propaganda was used to both intimidate and entertain. with one goal in mind, total control, one of the people what type of art and literature was permitted was decided by the so called dwight ministry of public enlightenment and propaganda. headed by jones's gobbles hit, loose, closest acolyte. will have propaganda. so propaganda minister, joseph gunnar, sold as a book burnings, not as enough time. no that was done on the part of the german student unions initiative in modeling, the anti jewish boy caught in 1933. they drew up

a plan that they wanted to tie in directly with this action of the boy called up the jews on the set up their own campaign, which was called action against the and german spirit that started on april 13th with the dissemination of the poster against the german spirit, he owned a car with 12 deeply anti semitic, the seats and so keeps on to the musician colorado, then applicable to, to on the what do students today think about that. dylan davis studies, lloyd buildings who emerge university, which is located right on the side of the book burnings. i knew about the book bindings i was, i think, every one of his studies at the german high school. so i'm not aware of what happened. but, but when i started studying here, it took about 2 or 3 weeks until i actually realized this is why books by literature i'll spend. so that was at 1st,

a kind of shocking experience. we con, forgotten about the book bindings. why not random events, sconces by the nazis. they were organized by students of the faculty of law. they were supported by professors of this faculty. and that part of history is not being addressed within building on the location of the ninety's. and you've heard 3 of the book burnings, dylan and others want to make this small visible. they are putting together a special exhibition with biographies of people who were forced to leave the university. i think for me it was touching to see the power of his of women because they could just start to um, to work as a lawyer in the 19 twenty's 22. and just like after 10 years or something

it was over. i can see that you all of the remove of the topics. do you probably have any family background like jewish ancestors who had to leave university? i think for me it's the other way around. so i know that to of at least 2 of my great grandfather select nazis. i've been in the ss and i think i saw the fest have that in this past. encourage me to reflect on the nazi era and try to remember those last and prosecute and then to couldn't lift. get on with that live soft of us, just like my great grandparents grand margaret con, told us that so for me it was in the familiar background was a motivation to get into the topic. but just the other way around in the city of cologne, in the west of to many, some of the young people are researching,

not see victims to this this the headquarters of the cologne fall, atkins, but not the football team. falcons, the plugins are would tillman's socialist youth organization with a history of more than a century. during the nazi regime, the follicles have been prohibited and persecuted, some fall can members are going to tell us more about it, and about their project on book burnings. the little inch spot money is 20 years old and belongs to a project group that is preparing a remembrance event in cologne. which with this project is that we remember our asses our past and the, the statues of our organization. but also to tell the story about a fight against terrorism and but also a culture of the active search with you that was destroyed like passions and

in addition to jews, socialists and communists with the main enemies of the nazis. many of them had to flee, too many were breasted, or even killed. several in can you tell me a little bit about the codes that you're planning on the book for any read back to perform a combination of reading texts of converts of this time and the treating the reading of the text. we sing songs that are important for the fine 9 to 34 more than 3500 books. where one of the nazis blacklist money,

persecuted also has had already left germany. hey collins, this doesn't like what was it like an everyday life is didn't people reads the black list of books and the way what symbolism and provide provide in the private arena. these books were still found on people shelves, but of course, paperwork cautious when visitors came calling in prove that they preferred to hide them away. but people continue to read them privately and people to and public libraries. they've disappeared completely assisting. that's an either to listen to him do with indexing and blacklist spots. and the nazi succeeded in making these books no longer accessible or available in bookstores underneath me quite a bit. so they actually succeeded in making a large part of these authors date into oblivion. i figured i couldn't guess i'm i'm, i'm fine. so that's in the snack month on the ad, for example. then the famous us good evening whose books were also burned here with them. he returned from exile after 1945, but never reconnected. it can't the nonsense i'm going to see what else to look for

em, god coin went through successful novel, the artificial silk girl. my thoughts were mine. she lived in germany after 1945 and so as an impoverished officer and continue to publish books because i know the times that they weren't in demand anymore. and if you advise that, because these authors had become largely a marginal and i divide in my united the best to be able to visit then what, what has happened to the nazi both for an x had not occurred to me at the bins the, the knots and as i said, if it had not been for national socialism, if it had not been for the burning of books, the cultural diversity and innovated spirit of germany in the 1920s would certainly have continued in thoughts on end. because had the by default to this, them on look to the united states, i saw the hollywood to the actors and directors who worked their house speed quits long. for example, an immigrant from germany on slips long by 6 by the end of the month of flesh that night or in science in albert einstein who went into exile. but i'm for social

scientists like to do. i don't know. also left the united states, a detailed was on or him off, and you fine, you can start and take your american universities in american cultural institutions on the influx of immigrants from germany. it was a huge benefit. that's what it all from that in the that's what they are still reaping these benefits. and i would say that we have not yet recovered from that loss. excellent. and what it meant for germany, i'm the ones uh, beside the new stuff would be almost hard on you said what took you to place them not to flood and soil literature highmark literature not to not. and of course, national socialist kitch, completely boring stuff. and people didn't actually read it, it is hold on for just a glance of when, when i'm in the medicine where they burn books, they will ultimately burn human beings as well. that's what the words on this memorial plaque say. well, it's 10 by 100 kind of a gentleman, choose code of the 19th century of cause the nazis burnt his folks to know it, so that divine 1933, the nazis burned books. in 1938,

the synagogues were burned. and in 194243 during the show of to get the genocide of the european jewish people were very much and then i will pay some you wouldn't find, mention the nazis did not invent book burnings over the course of christianity. those books and people were burned, and she li, books burned after puts in 1973, and in 2022, and the us books were also burned away. when you hear about the book burnings in tennessee, in 2022, a passport bern, terry puts on twilight volumes. why? that's all the discussions about banning books from school libraries in florida. what do you think them to taking? and sorry, the 1st thing you can go to, like i would not compare such individual actions with the historical context of

major book burnings, and how many i hear on may 10th alone books were burned in 22 places in germany, upon these actions of which you speak, there was also a burning of the koran in sweden by right wing extremists that all could take him, which of course should be condemned. reading these or actions by individuals or groups extend this thing, but they are not actions backed by public authorities. and board police agency was released from prison because the footprints highest and then do using something like that could happen in too many to when we are not fighting for a po that say our values in every place. then in total run a demo credit read because came into power is clear, it could happen on every plays also, or also in germany. what kept each and every one of us do to prevent that standard

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