the wedding traditions but what are they? honda who most finds out your romance in 30 minutes on story. the people the world over information. they provide the opinions they want to express. d. w on facebook and twitter, up to date and in touch. follow us the the sciences suggesting that feet west or in the names making hydropower back to the environment floor on that coming up. we don't to be looking at efforts to reduce the homes impact. so it is, you need us to build the material concrete, but fast, least in the concrete jungle,

we will know the city living can be stressful. is there a way to make it more manageable? the 12 can see tomorrow. the science of dw, busy, noisy, dusty, city living can be stressful, and it's not just down to environmental factors. there is social stress site has 2 people living in place proximity to one another while at the same time fitting. socially isolated. recent studies shows that comes with an increased risk of mental health issues. what's clear is that more research is needed into how cities can become healthier places to live. so people have whole ages because young at nights, oh, so feeling the effects of stress. a super loud here. it's incredibly loud here.

i can feel my heart mate shooting up at this junction. i just want to get out of here, mr. i've, i know you're back. it's a really good stuff. last. um gosh, i feel totally uncomfortable. and i'd rather be somewhere with a different fan the smith on us design, or we don't on the custom house by far as long as i've worked. but i'm also now wondering what the impact is on voting. the non stop noise and sensory overload. i to the future. but a few days ago, jamaila moved and she's absolutely delighted with her new apartment. it's in one of her favorite parts of town. oh hi. i'm standing by my window. and i love having trees to look down on in the succession, those which are firestone come, spend those kids really reassuring to be able to be in a safe place or cause to have this feeling of calm phones. you know,

just because it's out of the ones that you will have this place to withdraw ot who are hot and switched to the team comes here as we navigate our ways for the cities hustle and bustle, our brain is expose to stress. that's something close. come on is investigating. he's that professor of biological psychology here at the technical university of berlin. he's monitoring brain activity in action. using electrodes attached to the scale with contact joe. they measured tiny, electrical signals, giving researchers vital insights into events in the brain from one millisecond to the next. one remarkable, new development is the test. subjects can now move about freely up to now they had to sit completely still because that's not what our brains evolved for. because the brain developed in order to optimize our behavior, to him,

move our chances of survival and potentially dangerous environments with use. and a lot of that involves motor skills. and that's exactly what this test is supposed to assess. in the 1st part, the test person is presented with a virtual real, but inside it, she'll see 3 different doors, one after the other. one relatively wide. the next normal sized, and the 3rd impossibly narrow. she's not been given any instructions and is just observing her surroundings. meanwhile, the electrodes are recording her brain waves. in the next part of the test, the doors reappear, but this time, the subject is asked to walk through them. while the researchers, again monitor her brains responses, they then analyze and compare the resulting data post. importantly, the 1st few fractions of the 2nd. amazingly, whether they just looked at the doors or walk through them,

the brain signals and all test subjects were near identical. in the real world, this means that our brain is constantly checking the options available to us in a given situation and a matter of mill of seconds. so in an urban environment, the brain is kept busy pretty much all the time. a process that runs automatically and unconsciously, when facing labyrinthine under passes, are intimidating modern buildings. our brain is always on the lookout for potential dangers and wondering where the closest escape route is. and that permanent and vigilance can trigger stress damage to the director. that means there's a direct link to our health stuff. so while urban planners and architects have a design related task, they also have to create an environment you can, that's appropriate for people that of the style. but as for designing

a city in which our brain would be able to relax, research is still in its infancy. your finger who is a philosopher. he's conducted some preliminary tests into how we perceive architecture. as a new custodian, and if we wanted to manipulate public interior spaces by creating both straightforward and more complex variance of a space, 6 of them, i am. the one here on the left is very simple. these are the only one exit in the back. i think and relatively few architectural elements and a mentor. what are the room on the right is more sophisticated to mentors more passage ways and more vista suited for. and one of our primary conclusions was that space is like this one are perceived as more interesting us the, i know the hall spaces that are more interesting and more complex. are the ones that people want to explore more defined, owns a may have ongoing as it is, alignment issues, interesting spaces that provide

a variety of views and things that options are seen as something positive. that's an important finding. because whether indoors or outside this type of architecture encourages people to socialize and maybe linger and relax. a little architecture can help create more relax, fifties, and say 10 pods. plentiful greenery can improve add quality to even at the highest highest. but some city dwellers would rather stays down to us in homes reminiscent of the hobbit houses in the lower dispute rings. welcome to the wealth of underground living, the scene from above. you probably wouldn't know that underneath this little green hill is a rather ex fence is building the center. this is the bmw t animal,

rescue and shelter. and it's special because it's in an us house which we both in 2005, the $4000.00 for the 300 square meters of the shelter in the south. western german city of southern utah is completely underground by collaborating caves, with many chambers, the building sprawls under a green roof. and just as in a real case, it has no right angles or straight walls. there are several passage ways that lead out doors. so the cats can step out for some mirror. so what's it like working underground? in order for them up to the house? it's very pleasant and relaxing. we have study room, temperature and humidity and plenty of light just because of the cube killer up the head of those to cooper his own on. so basically you feel free a in these building this clips. clovis all doesn't, with each player through this one has in addition to providing

a pleasant work atmosphere, the earth house also saves energy and leads lots of space for greenery. integrating houses into the environment has been the swiss architects am for 50 years now. peter fetch has built about a 100 or of houses across europe. you have anything here, bio as it goes. construction method requires a lot less material and i don't have to be so exact like when having to measure a piece of timber down to the centimeter. it's more intuitive, like this house is built the way a child builds things in the sand and um, it can be molded. you can make the roof a bit higher and more. it's creative is connect these to fetch makes his earth houses out of concrete. other architects from these natural materials, the transition between the buildings and their surroundings is fluid. they become part of the landscape. they to my experience on the share for example, is covered by about 50 cents meters of earth is nothing but that increases to up to

maybe one meter 20 in the roof long. that means there's a lot of green, less ground area is sealed to any, see because the green spaces remain. let's see. and status built up urban areas, green mountains. but what about the light climate and heating in the subterranean buildings? garrett hansen has been designing earth houses for 30 years. he works with wouldn't modules covered with a thick layer of earth rather than concrete. that's how it's built as a passive house with very good windows and installation of them. but the soil also regulate the temperature. here in the lower area, the earth and bank meant is for me to stick and assume it's not just a green roof, but a very thick layer of earth. it stays pleasantly cool in summer and in the winter, you're never battling icy temperatures. the energy consumption for heating is sensationally low and the police and and ignoring her family have been living in an

earth home for 6 years now. it was love at 1st sight. it's 10 meters wide and under its earth mantle, there's a water proof and a root prove membrane. the, the front and back windows are triple glazed. i see desk about when we built the house, we live consent that it might be a bit dog. ready yes, i think that's the 1st thing you think when you had a house that it's doc and chrome to me, but it's very light and your semester we have this connection to nature. side empties automatic not to have up with the wouldn't show for the house was provided by the architect and garrett. has his company also carried out the earthworks packing the barrels shaped structure and soil the canoe. worse than did the work on the interior themselves. on the unusual building ended up costing barely more than

a conventional detached town to watch lights actually like under a layer of earth. ready because experience doesn't submitted, they can, we can tell how well the reflects from a very low energy and heating bills. 60 years a month the he turned into a more to the how old. so house doesn't he chop in temperatures rise because it's covered with up front and in the winter the never soil keeps us warm. so a passive ers house saves about 2 thirds of the usual energy costs and the growth mental stores, rain water and minimizes the buildings ecological footprint. and then also getting back to us that we had funky base it on to the radius of trends. used to recreate the greenery, tammy adults and just have that. and so you good on the coined even with all these benefits, it's still not possible to build multi story earth homes. the structures would take

up far too much space for geared hansen. that's one big disadvantage. because there's an item, you know, so it's a single family house and they're grouped together so that less land is used. but of course, it's not a model that we can adopt in cities. really, we need to live closer together and build smaller apartments with us. but the art house is an example of a detached home that you can build responsibly today and focused on the 1st homes are still rare in germany. but the idea oven bedding homes in nature like this conserving energy and introducing greenery to offset the land use could be one model for ecological architecture in the future. concrete buildings or anything, the eco friendly that's mainly because is of how concrete is main components.

cement is produced, the cement industry is responsible for 8 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. wild lies around 4650000000 terms of cement to produced every year. that one research or in switzerland has now found a way to make cement that mess console to the environment at the swiss federal institute of technology in laws on karen scriven or, and her team have been working for years to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete scriven or is a chemist who is specialized in construction materials. the so called piece is really the best material to house the wealth. but of course we need to make it better. i'm. we can do it here. kevin scriven, her and her team are using submit water, sand and gravel to develop

a new kind of concrete. there's nothing unusual about that in itself. but what's different here is the make up of the cement. normal cement is made cheaply of calcium carbonate, which is heated to over $1400.00 degree celsius that produces a lot of c o. 2 from the fuel and the breakdown of the calcium carbonate, 90 percent of the emissions of concrete come from what's called the clean. this producing this big cement accounts are and if i take it out as most as possible, is that think you would use c o. 2 experiments have shown that this can be done by simply adding fire clay to the mix along with calcium carbonate that has been ground to a powder. but not heated. calcium carbonate has to be heated to $1450.00 degree celsius. with clay only to $800.00 degrees,

that saves on fuel and maclay doesn't generate carbon emissions on like calcium carbonate. overall that means 30 percent less c o 2. well, i think the potentials numerous because the amount of k available is but the unlimited, which means we can easily go from us substitution level, on average to 20 percent today to 40 percent. that would mean saving $400.00 for 1000000 tons of c o 2 per year. and to put that in perspective, that's 10 times the entire c o 2 emissions of switzerland. and if i can see like, yeah, yeah, yeah. numerous attempts have shown that the experimental concrete has the same properties as conventional concrete, and it's equally strong for us. but the construction industry tends to be quite reluctant to launch new materials. it's hard work convincing industry leaders to try out the new concrete known as l.

c. 3. so the scientists in switzerland have teamed up with institutes and other countries to spread the word as they began by focusing on india. india is today the 2nd largest use real comp or concrete in the wealth. but if you compare it with china, which is the largest, the amount of cement use per person in india is like 5 or 6 times lower than china today. and so i think we can really see how things are going to develop china is going to go down. but in the are, is where the going to go up. and if we're going to have an impact, we need to get in that before things are built. the scientists in india worked with the industry to produce initial samples of the l. c. 3 summit. as a pilot project, a building was constructed for the swiss embassy in india. the new material has proven itself. the excellent thing about the cement is that after you've produced

the some and you can use it in the same b as we have been using already, portland cement it's performance as the same. now, by doing that, we create a solution that is commercially viable. and at the same time, good for the environment. the team in switzerland has linked up with scientists in other countries to the areas marked here in green. our factories have produced batches of l. c. 3, or are due to start manufacturing. the countries in yellow or very interested in l . c. 3. those marked orange show where the scientists have made initial contacts to this small initiative in switzerland could so have a big impact on combating the climate crisis. hydropower is a renewable energy source that that doesn't automatically make it green. in fact, so new study will and is that times in dress of was a causing vital habitats disappear and interrupting the flow of nutrients and

settlement. we met some gem and researches who are helping to make hydro power, more environmentally friendly. to do that, they're working with the fish from in the countryside. it's feeding time at this fish farm and central germany for henrich land miles. conditions here are ideal. fresh, clear water from the nearby a to a river constantly flows into all 18 fish ponds. are these also ideal conditions for a hydro power plant? cause a high box and slightly kaiser researching how water bearing facilities such as fish farms and waste water. ready plants could generate their own green energy. ready and we're missing here, understand we're going to check out this site and see where we might be able to install hydro electric turbines. and we'll do an on site inspection and take measurements to see where it would make sense to install them. some of the in a voice in must the, i'm so without harming nature. this is under the here,

this gets sent to a list of what makes this interesting is that we're in a man made facility. we're not out in the natural environment where a hydro power unit will disrupt the eco system and the fish that live there it can add on and. and for some d dot gave them shot and would handle like pharma wants to use green power to meet his fish farm fit for the future of a team. how do we use quite a lot of energy by operating cleaning equipment, new and electric powered smoking oven just behind send some electric heaters to i told them a television close? well, so what makes sense is to draw in energy from the water notes of some of them. the end of your energy needs will continue to rise over the next few years. so it would be great if we can counteract that a bit. and so hopefully he leads to scientists where the water drains from the fish breeding ponds. they want to investigate whether installing a turbine here would be worthwhile. first, the metro,

the speed of the water flowing from the fish farm back into the 8 on the water travels through a one meter wide channel flowing with surprising force. it's fenced enough to almost sweep the scientist office fees. the researchers want to do more than just help the fish farm. their data will be given to a research network called neva, which supports water and energy management project. not check how fast the water is traveling. it's 9.6 meters per 2nd. a good reading, but only one of several factors to decide whether it's really worth installing a turbine here. the research or it's still have to calculate the flow rate from their data. the gradient also counts,

and that varies depending on the water level of the data. it's currently rather low, which help they need to hear the drop is 3.6 meters enough to make a turbine here worthwhile. i'm leave some of this. i mean, of course we'd prefer to have a 100 metered radio, but anything over one or 2 meters has a decent number of a number where hydro power becomes a viable option. of when the researchers believe that almost every fish farm could generate hydro electric power. though not in very large amounts, there around 2000 fish farms in germany. even if every german fish firm had a hydro power plant, they would only generate as much electricity as about 12 average size wind turbines,

and best that would only cover their own energy needs or supply about 20000 single family homes with power. but unlike solar and wind power, hydro power doesn't depend on the weather. this turbine was installed by hensley climate grandfather 40 years ago. it's been running around the clock ever since. and it's hardly ever required repairs on like in a river. there are no branches, fish, and other objects in the water here to damage the turbine. the old turbine supplies almost all of the companies electricity, but the link is grandfather and like some i always has an eye toward the future. the media, my grandfather installed the turbine, but we're always thinking about how we can generate more energy. also in conversation, i just don't know. sometimes some of the water still flows unused back into the river and just on to me and you can see it rushing when you off it is. there's a lot of energy in it when by the end of a legal site and we're thinking of converting part of our fleet to electric vehicles in which would increase our energy consumption that be football off with.

so come good. since fish farms and germany can supply only a modest amount of electricity, the researchers are looking at other types of facilities with flowing water that might be suited to hydro power setups. for example, sewage treatment plants like this one in central germany. going to military gun, one of the engineers behind that facility believes it's design, makes it especially suited to a hydro power installation, but in the mind catalog and stuff with ordinary sewage treatment plans. so there isn't much of a gradient to be supplied with this type of plans and placements. the technical design provides up to 3.5 meters. so then there's the drop to it reaches the discharge points here. that's 13 meters, which is good for hydro power icon. so any water flows through the pipes at the push of a button, so it could generate electricity at times when conditions aren't right for solar, wind power,

as michigan does. this is pretty amazing. more and more waste water plants are being built here in germany. endorsement and looking at the pipes here. and there's plenty of room here to install various different types of turbines. so ansible on a guy you can show off. so how much electricity could setups like these generate if all sewage treatment plants and fish farms in germany installed hydro power systems, they generate just 0.5 terre one hours of electricity. a mirror 0 point one percent of the electricity generated in the country. so is it really worth it? the new model here in germany, we use a lot of electricity. and so of course we're unlikely to meet that need with just a quick call turn on our sewage treatment plants at almost one o. 2, do we need to keep looking for other options always occupies what we need to take advantage of every opportunity. we have them to produce clean energy on the mind.

the researchers are convinced that there's still a lot of on top hydropower in other water bearing facilities such as locks and sewers. so they still have plenty of work to look forward to that. so for this edition of tomorrow, and today, joining us again next week for me, dw sign show till then take down the of the

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