just winning the last 5 games against the rosie and 26 year old child and they have 1st have a grand slam final on sunday. here's a reminder of our top story. when we use president, donald trump says he's been indicted on charges relating today's handling of classified documents from claims has been summoned to appear in a federal court house in miami. on tuesday, the documentary is coming up next of state, and for that, i'm told me a logical and there's one use a d, w dot com, the really profit tearing, instead of responsive the global business of asbestos. this is knowledge of the people that are in don't deserve to be treated with any kind of

courtesy by the governments of the world. the never ending story of asbestos starts june 21st on d. w. the south africa. these hills are known as the cradle of human kind. they tell the story of evolution. nowhere else as so many of our ancestors puzzles being discovered. but one mystery remains. when exactly did the 1st humans a pen and walk with our lives, like that's one patio anthropologist, josie, but i've gone once to find out at the crumb dry archaeological site in south africa . he aims to give a voice to the bones of ancestors. the

paleo anthropologist is rosy, but a guy is a well expert in his field, whether with the state of the art lavar tree equipment or in the dusty savannah is searching for the origin of human kind. and the missing piece of the puzzle, you know, most sapiens, family tree colors or device. i will email you. this is a space allocated to is not true to this general consensus that all human beings living on the planet today. we have the origin in africa around 100000 years ago in west a buffalo, some seo tools looking for one of the see 5, if he goes to the back around 2000000 use, it's a different story. they just shut down paul's cookie many

t yes. we still don't know exactly where the home a genius image and whether it was 2 or more like 3000000 years ago. us good idea of us to the bottom. you left off the here in chrome dry close. did you a hand his bag protocol aims to solve the mystery? the scientists, ponce of the trade live human kind. and the many fossils in this landscape have revealed the story of evolution. it has been listed as a unesco welled. heritage science since 1999. the humanities, family tree, bronze, tall from the gray tapes, 7000000 years ago. we and our ancestors are descended from that new genus. the home in any one of those ancestors is off charlotte,

pentecost, of whom several skeletons have been found. some of them over 3000000 years old. but about 2000000 years ago, this space has died down the transition from australia pits because the human still counts as a blind spot in evolutionary history. and no fossil has yet been found from the period between 3 and 2000000 years ago. that will give us any clues but the guy became site manager of the chrome dry archaeological site in south africa in 2002 to try and so phase mystery the, the, at the time the region was mainly living on its reputation. the last relevant

discovery came from the 19 scientist, the 1st regard to find nothing new, but he doesn't give up. he trusts his instincts and modern technology. riches some bearings. john and you guys can choose the brick off things. chrome dry is much bigger than originally assumed to find new excavation sites. he uses aerial photo grama tree to carry out 3 d survey. by combining this and chemical soil analysis, he plans to track down on discovered fossils the and in the end,

the new survey shows that this sewing on i really task stretch far into the no problem dr. is 5 times as launches originally. so the percentage of pulse on treasure in the unexplored region begins the, the teen gathers a launch number of samples. nobody has any idea how significant the new fines will be the to go this percentage of bits of pieces i choose from a prime age and i'm already in the joy here next year.

the, even before it's taken out of the ground, it's clear that this is an entire joint vent from a home in any. it's extraordinary. i see the data off to cancel the cleaning. it becomes clear that this isn't a most perfectly preserved knowledge on of a child. it's a small sensation. but does it belong to a human child, or an auster le pipkins might even have originated in the mysterious transition period between the 2 general boucher models. i know specializes in medical imaging. he makes a computerized model of the tool to find some ounces. the

donation is a community that i'm owns. if you were using your data to create a model of the job, the child of come dry with a tooth bones on till 600. you know it's extraordinary up. so we might a no usually the size one. i've never seen anything like this in an auster. leviticus, so i'm just touching up, they never have these long, central lateral in sizes hung up on the laws. you know, certainly i thought all this backs up my initial impression quote, another question would be good because, you know, let's add some more criteria to make sure this is really a human mandible. dixie adults who can multiply, show me, jump off on me. cool. nice yes. how i can only be too many the the teeth inside the lower jewel have remained unchanged since the death of the child.

the shape and position suggests the genus is home. but from which precise stage of evolution the should be to come, the eyes, lighting, and associates. thank god, just explain digits. what special about the child of crum dry is that it combines modern and primitive characteristics in a way we've never seen before. with such old fossil as to what account you can see very primitive australia peasy is characteristics in this i to talk about the context either caught them time with them, but then we also have very clear human characteristics. you'll see also if the child has been out a bit more mature, a stage of development, we would not as being able to see this sense of, you know, i don't see that it can cause increase on the way, passing up on the corner of it. because we're right in the fact that it's a small child, gives us some key information. it's all center as well. should we do it? you know, what constituted a human from a couple of 1000000 use the guidelines?

i think it was the way they grew up and but to be able to say that with certainty, we have to find more human infants from this period like this one on what makes these fine. so valuable is it's early stage of development. but a guy is certain that an image or a low a jewel, will provide indications of this patience. this would not be the case in a fully develop, jones. everything points to the fact that the joint originated in the transition period between australia, pentecost and humans. nope, but no i think no d b and this is where the problem started with that chrome dry child. we enjoy some of them. others not so much. i love this one, but it will still be complicated. we have to date the fossil the specially whether it's older or younger than 2000000 is it's yep. so i'm sudden, it's all the but that's not enough. we need proof in front of the police.

everything depends on the fossils age. but 9th, as a dna analysis, know the radio comp and method is able to date such an old call. so there's only one thing left to try and determine the age of the soil in which the fossil was found. the, to do this for a gone, put together a team of geologists to look the indications of which era of the soil and tasks the child jones jones came from the 1st the team has to learn about the composition of the sewing in the new the dunk area the almost square side is voted by limestone deluxe, or whether it's weight, yes, totally service. and you said it will go completely way and it will be, you know,

that's what i mean. certainly. you definitely want to, but it's not 2nd 19 the standing want to is a bit of a mystery. it has an entire story behind it. a story from the time this child lived in chrome dry. the . the secret lies in the stuck fontaine caves close to chrome dry. they found little fault and these limestone caves, the most complete skeleton of an australia pip because evidenced compet it took several gas to estimate its age. it was 3700000 years on

the home blue cell headed up the team at the time in new these cave labrenz edits, history inside out all night on need to go. the tune got dealing with the one year for my son. like what's here. we have small passages but not the creation of the caves, so you can see the process that she just said were below ground water level. so everything is under water to a pump, the water just slowly and gradually dissolves bits of carbonate and magnesium. she wants to do the sand and anything that dissolves easily is washed out to do this when you get, this is how lab renting grotto is form and that equal thousands of kilometers long . it's on the left you have until for us to fill. sees discoveries from the stuck fontaine caves false the team in chrome try to think again, the geologist found the same disintegration process in the bronx of both. okay. so the 2 locations seem to be connected on the ground. the opening to the surface has

to be a remnant of collapsed car adults. that means that the site didn't come dry, was once an underground k, the full, but a guy and his team. this is an important realization they want to understand when and how the cave filled up. is this the key today doing the child of chrome dry to an indication that the origin of human kind the

as it goes into the goal instead of the spectrum, then it sits on when one a strip contains larger holes individual. that's about 30 meters long and 20 meters wide and about 30 meters high. that's exactly the same size as calm dry. i've only been just one. this is interesting because here we have an unfilled cave. as for 1st, we still have about separating us from the surface and there's a good 10 meters of rocks. so we have to imagine that geological changes are making the roof thinner, and at some stage it will open stones will fall in soil and also animals that we're finding now as possible in which i shall gradually a pile of rubble will form called tell us like in an hour glass, so for some units, the opening is a trap, but over thousands of years catches what used to be on the surface. one is a time capsule of what was happening outside at the time. to me then, the let me more just especially at least tell you the toddlers rises until the opening is clumped again, perhaps due to a collapse. once the whole closes,

everything below it becomes false aligned. at the same time, style ignites grow slowly. in the case. as soon as the whole reopens a 2nd part of the screen phones on top of the fast in chrome dry, the fall and the cave roof was completely eroded. so the screens at the fossils were embedded and was exposed on the line. so here we have a snapshot of what comes i must have looked like for 5 or 6000000 years ago just before the cube, open it to the surface of the crystal fuss. at 1st sight, everything seems to come from one's own. but electromagnetic measurements show that there are actually different lands each from a different e polk, the geologist trying to date the lat, in which the human joint was found. regard hopes to then be able to estimate the

age of the chrome trying child. because people on the size of it both a june but teeth to full val specializes in animal fossils. he identifies the type and evolutionary stage of the fragments of the bone fragments help dates the animal's patience. this is a fema from what i believe it. yes. for val thinks this was a small antello from the same period as the child of chrome dry. but walter's done talents easy to what i'm trying to put the puzzle together piece

by piece. not from the depth of this animal to today. these fines help us understand the ecosystem to him in, in a, developed with, in the both it fossil suggest open no voided savannah, but that says little about the age of the land, since today's antelope. so too similar to the ancestors to many and years ago or to determine the age of the teams need to find animals whose anatomy has changed to mall. after a few hours, they find a solid block containing fossilized bones of an unknown animal. the full valid, candidly exposes the sample with a dentist's content. he has to be very careful not to damage the fossil

i'll fix it down for you now. i'm a tiny little one, i thought it might be a feline prototype. after cleaning it, i have to complete gums and say, but teeth of a to 1000000 year old bee line credit to and again terry and they don't tell you and it's the breakthrough. they were hoping for disabled to tonga, appeared about 3000000 years ago in africa, and died down to about 2000000 years ago. the lay of the animal gums and the child's joel, but found in is in fact from the transition period between australia, pentecost, and human bought the team has to date it even more precisely. the geologists get to walk again. they use a static mind from the phone, ok to measure the time i want to like the less that i need to come lice if and this is these. the lag might from,

from dry the cradle of humankind. this is the only one we know we're still in place and it can be back dated then the civil difficult. and they told me static mindset foamed from drops, containing tiny amounts of uranium. is the time the uranium tends to let? the ratio of the 2 elements reveals the age of this down. this direct mind must be between 2 and 2300000 years, so the, the toners under the static might, must be owned. this proves that the fossils from the thomas below the static might also mold in 2000000 years old. the fact that indications that the child's jewel comes from the transition period from australia, pentecost to human animal control came office to come

by, say, from dr. gives us exactly what we were missing, instruct fontaine, or you the connecting piece between or start looked at the coasts and how many instruct fontaine these layers have been lost due to erosion in chrome drive. they are still there. here we can bring together the links between all the stories from the cradle of human kind. then also the new testament, even though it's a spectacular discovery. the challenge of come dry is the oldest human child ever excavated. an examination of the lower joint discloses the age of the 1st humans. it also shows as well differentiated them from australia. pivot goes on to do a ton unit. 24 sima. they'll tell you, suppose we can count on the fingers of one hand, the number of funds we have from the period before 2 to 3000000 years ago, and never a child and a phone buddy in chrome drive. we have this infant who is showing as what humans

would like to me and use the guy who could put it on your mail using the older name . and i seem to send the audit to come into the office. i thought to the next, it was a funny volume. we made a 3 d image from the data to compare the lower job of a 2 year old today with a chrome dry child and the tongue child dental phone to come. i a, a, a, they come on the icon, it goes through all the basic is childs clinic. the tone child was discovered in 1924 in south africa at the time. it was the 1st and only oscar of the pentecost, and they didn't generate much interest since it was thought the parcels of children did not provide much information. it's usually important that regard, however, as it helps to differentiate modern day humans from earlier general, the style of music is child in red, chrome dry and blue to be true, and that's what it looks like today. we notice that you present on a few plan points any time you don't want to compare it can get into about half of

the job here. all the c panel to right, the tongue child really has no chin. it slanted and good movie. i'm receiving tend to the beginning monday, the decline, the chrome dried child has quite a vertical profile. very different to this here. when you do this, i know some of us do the gym does not receive as strongly as the tongue. 1 may remember the oldest of these symptoms, this area is also less broader. so he also has with t n a and this the more apology of the 2 is one which deepest a lot from the o straw that it goes. i feel like you've done a deductible deductible, but we have a series of characteristics here that suggest to disclose it to a modern day child then to in australia pace. it goes something planted when he changes everything. it's much more modern than we thought. you know what all sounds, representatives of custody on the opposite side of the criteria that defined what she means and now outdated. the young walking upright using tools, the large brain loops sheet. now we know the,

the struggle piece. it goes to also use tools and walked up for it will take who to use it also to protect the lodge. bryan didn't develop until after the 1st humans of p. i just need to put means, you know, the piece open today. the belief is more that the criteria for the coming human have to do with development vision unit and with the fossil of this incentive. we are able to answer that for the 1st time. first through the book point, my point was that gets to the paleo anthropologists realized that this find will revolutionize the research. the problem, try they hope to find out want originally made humans humans the while. the 3 d images of being analyzed to search for more information continues that the chrome dry site. geology provides the researchers with new details.

the cave filled up until the time has reached the ceiling. it's possible that predators then moved in the false holes from the thomas, but probably that pray. and they tell us about the lives that the 1st humans, the scene on subject to domino the need 2000000 years ago we was primarily scavenger, benefiting from others. laugh davis, and it was at the same time when we what price it was, easy to a to a that i didn't know. so it's exciting to find the remains of ancestors who, what pray. it brings up and you questions around how we continue to develop from and change from enable me to find out more about the 1st humans, the researchers look the new phones a comparison. if the 3 jones of the australia pit the goods, the chrome dry child,

and modern day humans alone is not enough to rewrite human history, a comparison is also needed with the run trip us. another home and in gene is the rent for post means alongside humans, that is considered close, relative is around the same time as the homo genus. there is disagreement about whether it is an australia pit, the coast or descends from the 1st. the rancher post was discovered in 1938 close to chrome dry. to the point of this month, 80 point you ball took so long as you feel the 1st humans and 1st representatives of the genus a very different from one. another aspect of the parental both has to be kentucky. look facial features with an overdeveloped investigatory upper rod as it was vegetarian and specialized in consuming hot plants. contrary to the 1st, humans only by the 2 studies suggest that they ate both plants and meat. courtney's

email utility shot so much made in fact that traces of it can be found as a g o chemical signature inside the table in costs continue to hear from you can tell you all they don't see if one is you know, the protocol wants to unravel the origin, so if human kind to do this, he would have to compare how human children and the rent for best children developed over 2000000 years ago. the problem is that no parental press child has yet been discovered. regard hopes to find one in chrome trying the he brings a specialist on board to find out when to dig and tell him b. lloyd well use the latest technology to lead him to the right place. she can

predict weather launches, number of fossils to be found to my specific area. studies is on the 3 the reconstruction of the site and understanding spatial patching. using 3 d does is tire rotation methods. visa, actually the fossils whose coldness they've collected using that socialization and reggie has the bosses and in green you have the humans and in yellow we have kind of was. so what we found some uh, 3 d special analysis as that we actually have full main testers plus the one in to contain the most fossil. so this is the most dense region of the site. actually, ology is very destructive process. and part of the discovery is destruction, but my focus within my ph. d is to ensure that we can actually preserve

data in such a way that future generations can have an image of what it looked like before it was removed compared to the fi 2 times. i think now there's a lot more knowledge and awareness of this. and a lot more representation as well. so me, for example, being a black woman studying this. that's very rare. but we are pioneering and opening spaces for us to know our history and disseminate and as well regarding sweat, i'm going locates the highest probability of finding woman in false hopes surgical. the photo muscle defaults to complete. this looks like part of a task completely disintegrated on presented the most indeed, well can you don't,

they don't results. the ivory goes in all directions. a typical find that tells us absolutely nothing for simple to take them all. you feel the sort of delayed end the shows is the inclination angle of delay of intervals. benji come over here. well, i think we have an inside the here that's in the opposite direction to the la with the parental bas regarding tony's. so we, we like to get us that's clearly not to sound. it fits the hypothesis that we have . another entrance is born and another source of materials. here we go to not whole easy to do about this, even older people, yes own. and that indicates a much longer, more complex history. the elephant task is important top during its position at right angles to the author of fines reveals that it belongs to a different thomas presumably from another opening in the k for

the this thomas is partially covered by the one that contains the 1st humans and parenthesis so it's folder, but how exactly the excitement grows. so need, we change this layer is very risky, unless the other parts of binds. don't come to know what they are. you having to take them out and you can put all that together. but it's too hard for the tool will need other tools for that. and i'm finally home when you the, the recovering the false soul from the solid ground takes time. but too much and exposure can damage the buttons. to avoid this launch blocks at countertop

and taken to the step fontaine, the bar and tray. the fossils are extracted. the vista fontaine line belongs to run clock the discount for of little photo. he rarely opens his lab, but regardless find awakens his curiosity. the why is this piece corresponds to the rights of that space, and so it still needs some preparation. yeah. so it's dense, but wow,

let's see 0. this is all ready to see my interest. this doesn't look like a parenthesis. yeah. and at the moment in the matrix that easy to tell about slots, if you look at the p, if you look at the payments so that doesn't belong to me. yeah. and also to 50 two's roof. the more that to this i feel is one of these for the 1st time now chrome dry. you have no strong pivot, go see. so i'm sure that i am so pleased for you. not least, i'm pleased for the science because this, this got so much to know which of the way these 4 minutes were developing and under

different species has existed at any one time. so the world in the, the last fall sole brings the real sensation from dry is the only site in the well, the present, the transition from all sort of pits. it goes towards parenthesis and mind. these are the 3 crucial pieces of the puzzle to unravel the origin of human kind. so to sort of take it on the typically post this astrology, you think a specimen is very close to the fork in the family tree. all the may be one of the last before parentheses separated from humans. and what so interesting in from dr. is that in the la with this go, we found both the oldest parenthesis and the oldest humans. so it really records

the moment when the transition happened to find in australia basic is that lived well before the split or parent for this long after that is quite interesting to mount pleasant. the most goals you have, the better. but i'm more interested in the blank page and the history books and the moments when the space is separate, those little models that sit on sacrament. berrydunn knows he's witnessing and historical moment. one that many of his colleagues will envy him full. you'll have to be all said we are touching our emphasis here and the defendants chrome dry is the time machine, the a spot where a guy is missing one, a central element. what exactly was the difference between human and around trip as children 2000000 years ago? he's convinced that this is the key to understanding how humans came to be finding

another parents or post baby towards the end of the dig seems online. click the well chrome drive or the ellipse la secret after a look. have the bottom teeth. another row of taking the time. let's see the progress of those keys on this. i have the in sizes. got plenty of time for the 1st time. we're coming face to face with a peremptory post baby. hold on. i should quote in the every time i'm here, but i hope to find either a human baby or a parenthesis based on set and then develop the whole point of the the, you know, or the welcome little parental parent. parental controls will learn a lot from the time when we compare it to which human baby is joel. we also found

that i'm gonna give you the basic joy is the pinnacle of brick oswick. at last you can compare a parent purpose baby with the human baby that he found at the beginning, the walk in the parental, his baby tell us about becoming human welfare. this child is in use of south african paleo anthropology is the 1st parental visit. child's goal ever discovered worldwide the i'm at no cost where i can actually supplement holtzie. i tell you that i don't using a particle accelerator called a synchrotron. we are creating a 3 dimensional x ray image of the inside of the to the best. so the posey, she's on the vault vocal, she's, i mean honestly these 5 micro meters,

6 structures correspond to the enamel that is deposited in a baby in 24 hours. they put them into 12 similar to the annual rings of the trees . this ticket, the deposit, the fast, that the tooth has grown. they put you ballpark. we found that the to the small parenthesis gras significantly faster than the teeth of small him into the show us, you know, the usual seat as russian you guess you do call. we also saw a differences in g or chemistry. it was a short term for the ratio of calcium isotopes and the human ad korean surface teeth gave us information about nutrition as the tooth form knology. that's what i'll do that for me. i sort of said that this is important because the isotope ratio changes during the transition from lack taishan to solid food intake also need you also have to, we have to feed best on a little side. scroller dequarius includes analysis, show that the parenthesis where we in the very early, just a moment, was that a little bit on this also can probably shortly or

a few months of to. but if it's you, mountain humans, on the other hand, we're waiting to much later. not until about age 3. so, so just because the only be demo this had implications for social life. since raising a child that was weighing too much later, required much more effort from the parents and the group. then the child waned early. i smelled it. i found you will be in the a car relation between the duration of childhood and social structure can already be observed in great takes a connection that may be transferable to the 1st humans. so between the 3 s started the behavior different primates in the jungle. and supports for gone in his analysis. so regardless of the legally yes. so the higher she'd go in those wings much earlier than chimpanzee no longer as long as the women metabolism focuses on brain development and cognitive

skills on, do you have a key baker? you should never be needing to get particularly they learn to work and time later or the from showing oakland between white and he's also available. what type of duncan, the young chimpanzee clings to his mother's penny, and just completely dependent on her. so the interest have to click through the, the community helps to defend the youngest son. he does have internet because usually a 100 and then go the young to really is on the other hand, could become independent much any of them. chimpanzees say to within any pre pre good country to what you might think this shortens the learning period to it. and if i'm giving you sort of a pool in washington, d. c, chimpanzees starting to use tools during a longer learning phase. this takes time and this support is the big one,

and that's one of the entity the cause of sale. the, when i watched him pansies, i feel very close to them. why is that like part of my family? see if i could go to and if you imagine the 1st humans and how they lived together, a noise that was like this. you've also some good people that remote i'd like on the big difference with humans is that the chimpanzees to was remain the same. you to this day and i guess what they pass on the knowledge to the next generation as it pulled up in a moment. but there was no progress to feel. no further development of a totally meant from community. and that's probably the difference which human and ethics are in. the culture grew steadily too high. we picked up the, the tools i've been to virginia has to order now. sure. so primitive humans, childhood was much longer than that of the parental. the, the analogy to today's great types allows conclusions to be drawn about how many

organized society is 2000000 years ago. the 1st groups of people seem to be united by one main. go to protect that off spring. this makes the group vulnerable but apparently favors the policy on the knowledge corporate a guy and he's colleagues, this is the long salt top, the key to being human, the these problems at home. sometimes i see it as close as you did. you make a to that wouldn't be from dry is the proof that humans strategy was the best one. since the parents are both disappeared. 1000000 years ago, when the humans, on the other hand, have evolved in an original way compared to the stroller because it goes and parents are busy. i feel the put, the human reproductive strategy means giving birth to up spring that need a lot of energy and attention to develop that brains. the strategy prevails is the

idea such as you get it allowed us bases to calculate the entire planet academy and as descendants of his bases that i am convinced not from already lived as we don't see on this specified tv, at least as far as the relationship with the children was concerned, alter golf equal sound a little a hoppel if you have, you don't know, full are gone. spectacular. find spring is close to to and sentence the fossil motors show that the secret of on species is the long lactation pairing. this evolutionary step is what made the unique development of humans possible. the web piling up along with the dead bodies certainly is stuck in a spiral of violence and illegal gun ownership is the gun lobby,

down plane. and the problem and victims with the focus on your 30 minute response to own or not to well, what about a sharing economy? it's a change in thinking is changing the economy to create something new the economics magazine in german people, 19 minutes on d, w. the . 7 daniels in june. you belong to the 77 percent. comes who i jumped and say

spice. hello was law school. stop 5. i yes, 3 reasons why. 1. 115. we are here to help you make up your mind. we are here on please find your mind. so all of the topics i'm much up to you from couple top fixed, a new culture and in 15 minutes, let's say together, parts of our community life on the research is now on the . this is the news, and these are our top stories. former us president donald trump says he's been indicted on charges relating to his handling of classified documents from claims he's been summoned to appear in a federal court house in miami.