to the small string instrument on great stages the world over we catch up with him in his adopted home early in your room. 2 in 60 minutes on what secrets why behind being discovered new adventures in 360 degrees and explore fascinating world heritage sites dw world heritage 360 yeah, no nuclear radiation comes in waves and sometimes gets under the skin. radioactive and electro magnetic rays can penetrate deep into our bodies. take x rays that can cut through any state the body luggage costs penetration rise into

their atomic structure. but what do they pose for that in more coming up, the kind of would welcome to tomorrow today to science. cuz then when it comes to new cape how it all depends on the rest of the nuclear power produces aggressive radioactive waste. but what if instead of uranium, we were to use the meso story and waste from story empower stations supposedly. and it's very ation for much shows at times and uranium based nuclear waste. it's also supposed to be meltdown truth. but all of the claims for real, the nuclear gets a pretty bad route and there are some good reasons for that. on the,

towering much from japan, you could read it still. there was a purse like mer, unions, and stuff like the news disasters in the history of nuclear, faster on known for portions. but we'll see if we could help nuclear energy without the problems a new meltdown. no weapons under lot less waste. well, the is a new p, a super fuel that set to do that. let me tell you kids about story. you told him we've learned about it for decades. in the summer of 1965 scientists at the oak ridge national guard tree in the us, right nuclear history. it powered up a ground breaking you react to. it was fundamentally different from most of the designs because it's nuclear feel didn't come in solid form. instead, it was mixed into the coolant that's circulated through the system which instead of water with molten salt, i would call them that's our records,

permanent stomach and success. they did things in, in the 1960s that we still can do in reactors today. kirk sorenson is a self proclaimed story and if i'm journalist his company slide, energy is working on a modern version of the oak ridge react to come up with things that are going to make it easier and better and safer and faster. but at the heart of it really use the technology if it was originally put forward by often wineburgh at oak ridge national lab and in the 19 sixties and seventies. the vision now is the same as back fence to generate energy from story and it's a faintly radioactive chemical element. that's $2.00 to $3.00 times more abundant in the crust than uranium, which is what we mainly use to power reactors. today. let's take a closer look at the chemical elements and that rice of types, nuclear fuels we use today, like uranium 235, a file. this means when the ice of types nuclei a hit by a neutron, they like to break apart and release monique drums,

but split more items and so on. this nuclear chain reaction produces heat, which compound react. uh, but the most common ice, the type of story m 232 comp split. it's not fit file that fat tile one in each one hits. it's off times usually just absorbs tons of tens authority into 3 tree. no chain reaction yet, because after about 20 minutes or so, it decays into po, tucked 10 am to $33.00, which after about a month, the case into uranium 233. i thought those meant so the system, the sun's need to stall top if you like a the, a bit of a starts up will store amounts of fuel to get the ball rolling. if you like to co, norman is a professor of nuclear physics at the university of birmingham. and once that is happening, we can start to grow in from the story. i'm this very into the uranium that keeps the system working. the system is set to be efficient because the molten soul can

serve as base of fuel on the coolant. this should reduce costs, not turning in operation, but also in the construction of the pounds that also be less radioactive waste and conventional reactions. and much of it would be mostly gone off to hundreds instead of thousands of years. and in story a molten salt reactors, he'd get fetch me know, pretty tiny and which could be used to build nuclear weapons. all of this really seems like multiple so we have doesn't story are much age and having the test react to run at full power for more than $15000.00 and became the world's fast react to run on uranium t 33 produced from for you. then government officials pulled the plug. what happened? well, for one, the experiment didn't always run smoothly. the the experience with the martin assault reactor experienced what he meant in oak ridge was pretty big. this is um

the, the amount of success to reset just new policy. the reactor trouble even reaching its design power level. it then did not run smoothly. it was shut down a lot. and in the 40 years that at all they tell you don't fit for me about 70 percent of the time that we also had questions about the materials in touch with the liquid fuel. the lowest specifically designed to which stands extreme, heat, corrosive salt, some radioactivity shared cracking, and other concerns with the radioactive gas by product tricia, in which it already becomes 8 to why it the equipment become leaking into the environment. when you build something for the 1st time, you don't get everything right. you, you do find issues. that's why we built experiments all technical issues aside. the real reason why the program was under it was different. i preached direct to open one badge, right? a problem is not the term right. there is a pull. one brother,

it's just different from the main line. main line met pressurized holt, reactance back was a much better tested design at this point that had been problems dead too. but those were not as a patent as the problems with the mccintock reactor. and today there's a whole bunch of companies working on different molten salt, react to designs. they're all, for example, concepts to fuel a molten salt, react with radioactive waste, from conventional reactors tax or incense company is planning to build a small test reactor. we've gone through a number of generations of nuclear reactors and other technologies we most most into one initial generation. and it's time to, to continue on and in see and understand these, these advantages that can be infused into the design. china is currently testing the molten salt process and the guy does it an india home to the world's largest

story and resides is also lacking only access to utilize them as possible long time nuclear struct. today the, you know, there's one level of, of it which is sort of talking and, and saying you're going to do things. but the much more important aspect is to actually be doing it. and this might prove a lot harder than the flushing 3 d animation suggest a multitude. so we act as really safer than conventional plots. any good regulator, we'd be asking a lot of questions to a designer. how was this reactive behavior? there's a fire. what is this an earthquake? what is your operator? press this button and stop that? but those are not easy questions for tensor to build a story and react to costs around 800000000. your right is compared to several 1000000000 for a conventional one. regulators might require changes to react to designs that make them more expensive to build money will also be needed for to research and to build

an entire infrastructure and supply chain from scratch. in the last couple of years, we've had more capital and we've never had the store and we proceeded much faster to be around before. but it's still a very, very small amounts compared to where we need commercial story, a molten. so we access, i still use a way at least if they as a happen a tool, there's a lot of catching up to date. the story and power stations apparently don't need huge amounts of work for cruise in front sending you tips on how to reduce the outputs last summer. because dried up ruth is meant they couldn't get enough cooling goals. nuclear power provide 75 percent of funds has electricity on the 1st waste repository is being found in the countries. know this

drilling is an experiment that's been going on for more than 20 years. every day builders reset chose, and scientists come down here that needs to french village of who are in lorraine. they want to know what the rope will hold for at least the next 100000 years. amelia is a geologist and the boss here. she takes those 500 meters down to heart underground rock lebeau to treat the repose x ray for more than 85000 cubic meters of radioactive waste is to be built a few kilometers from here already. the research lab is huge. stretching over to kilometers of tunnels, census monitors, things like have the rock is moving. uh, 602. mm hm. so if we want to find out how the different materials behave over time, with simulating the effects of degradation and this bull home to the tribunal. 13

years ago we lowered a gloss matrix into the wrong because it's one of the materials used in containers of highly radioactive waste. addition to what action is it, the most dangerous calculated radioactive waste will later be transported even deeper into the rock in steel containers like these controlled by robots, through micro tunnels. the final reports of trees built to hold all the highly radioactive waste in front of the well and then goodness. you can see this clay rock has great properties for our needs. so subject to disc, that's extremely fine. it surfaces how much in us does hockey pores, the tools, so it doesn't look good strain ever too bad. to disrupt is practically impossible and then you test. so the quantity is always sunset hushed. but demilia is these grand project might still fail. she still waiting for official approval for the

radioactive waste to be stored in this rock. but construction is scheduled to start in 5 years. the 1st containers would go into storage in 2050 of the above ground. the facility is far less spectacular. it's located in a sparsely populated area, about 300 kilometers east of paris. it's peaceful with hardly any one on the roads, but things are getting turbulent in this quiet village. this side tells the repository where it can go in no uncertain terms. and that nuclear energy is out in this building has become the hopes of resistance activists from all over you to move in and out. but right now it's quiet and we can get an interview. the protesters often appear in the media. here they are last summer. it's a determines group, but small in comparison to the on to nuclear movement in neighboring germany and

media do they is aware that the germans do things differently. they may have some gemini, has made it decisions on energy policy, which on a scientific level we're still working together. and germany is also looking for a suitable nuclear waste site quickly. after all radioactive waste won't just disappear, permanent storage solution, need to be fine. no. it's also a question of responsibility that we don't just post the problem if nuclear waste on to future generations. that's why we can say with what we know today with 30 years experience investigating the underground truck here that the pond repository is the safest and my sustainable solution the government is likely to green light, the project, not least because of

a lack of alternatives. in this regard, front is way ahead of germany, where the search for a permanent repository will take several more decades. now to x rays, the, the electromagnetic waves produced by x ray tubes with the help of negatively charged particles, quote, electronics. if electronics are accelerated using high voltage and smashed into an obstacle to some diesel ration, produces energy in the form of x rays, and they were discovered 128 p is when they send the rates 18. 95 physicist vill holding. conrad went and made a monumental discovery. while experimenting with cafe cheats in his lap, he discovered a ray that could penetrate human tissue and reveal the inside of the building. an x ray image of his wife baptist home. just the 1st documented example, if this miraculous new technology,

the vin skins, discovery close to sensation and the scientific community and revolutionize the field of medicine. radiologist, thorsten blay, from the university clinical, pittsburgh, and germany explains, give us some stuff. the funds are for the scientists were immediately excited. they recognized right away that this technology would be invaluable for the medical field, especially for showing broken bones and bone disease. soon afterwards, it was also used to identify soft tissue disorders in the chest and stomach areas on the x ray technology allow doctors to make diagnoses and treatments that were previously impossible. the harmful effects of x rays was seen identified as well, and then use for radiation treatment of counts a into about 2 laces. generations of research has continued to explore the various uses of x rays due to advances and medical imaging and computer technology. another

milestone was achieved organs could be observed in 3 d, thanks to off official intelligence computer tomography or c t keeps getting back to of the political do the seats positions will send it to you has come so far that the resolution of the images we create keeps getting higher and we need less examination, trying to make them to the images of moving structures like the cardinality author . these are in the hearts which are small and moved by breathing. and the pulses can also be generated by the light to c t generation natalie. produces better images, it will say provides more protection from radiation, which is back to us. the patient's house was x ray. technology is not just use for medical purposes. it also helps to check passengers locate, to tap ports to ensure know dangerous items of smoking through x rays. play

a vital role in the world of up to by helping to spot forgeries in archaeology, x rays and used to more precisely examined ancient fines like mummies without damaging them at the found holes, the institutes in the german city of pruitt x rays are used in a multitude of ways such as to re inspect construction materials among countries, dogs by speed, your thoughts like since you a high x ray technology can also be used to make vehicle safer. i could use our senior longer for a long time. no, we've used x rays on for example, it's called o u medium construction materials to check them for defects. so that when they're installed in the vehicles, are there possibly we can guarantee safety on the road as a guide or also give a license for extra large c t systems can even scan entire vehicles.

the x rays are also used on prompts. flower pots in greenhouse is a scan to help document conch grace. the technology can monitor how close react to heat some dryness, which makes it easier to select certain ones for breeding. now it's even possible to x ray entire wheat fields. the you're found on windows, i'm faithful thought of you and then we drive across the testing fields with our field robots as we call it star. and i know to find hope it keeps us from there. we can give a relatively objective picture to the girl or the scene about how much a particular crop bill you'll often given calling on how fast the growth will be. those sparks booming integration is x ray technology is used expensively, and its development continues. is what else you can find in the far from based on creating more x rays in shortening measurement times will definitely be

a focus of research in the future. so that's why policy connex underwriters come in pair of electrons, reach well with light speed and produce up to $70000.00 x ray laser flashes per 2nd . reset just from all over the world who use these especially intense x rays for a wide variety of experiments that could help shape the feature and now to a positive accelerated way, researches conducting x ray experiments. daisy is essential to natural science reset and have that they, they work with subjective and then their level the 8 to develop new processes and products based on images. look like they all come in. now this is a solar cell or to be precise, spray on solar cell that could revolutionize solar technology. it's made of

cellulose, nono crystal substrates with a fenn, pull them or membrane. here at the daisy research center in germany, you quickly ask yourself why you didn't pay more attention in school physics lessons. but let's start simply, where are we present here in the we are here in the beam line of the pitcher 3 beam line, p 031 we're synchrotron. x rays are used to them. that doesn't help so much, but let's keep going to use trucks to cope has been working at the daisy for some 13 years and his team takes care of measurements. so what exactly is being measured here? and what does the famous 2.3 kilometer long particle accelerator has to do with it? let me go and wish you know the accelerator itself on it as the name suggests, accelerates the particles to be traveling almost the speed of light. and when they

pass through a magnetic field and they sort of change their trajectory of a vehicle and lose energy in the form of x rays on the team can then use this x ray radiation to precisely determine the structure of various subjects. but why is that helpful? this kind of pushing, it can play a role in a number of everyday things. i'd be a chocolate or a solar cells or implants or muscle research. so we put a variety of objects in the x ray beam. ok? union sky height, the beam comes from there that hits this object and is scattered over. and we have various detectors that capture the light and on the basis of the pattern that emerges on these image was what we can model what happened at the nano level. so what can i can what i'm, what in the, you and myself, the non we in the policy of this diesel to use. it looks it too hard. it's narrower, here and wide are here and the detector has also been tilted here. what's the assess being fascinated by the natural sciences since he was

a child. he studied chemistry and that his ph. d. a daisy, i'm in know kind of as pawn and they've been, they are in to see if and i'm very interested in the process as of nature and want to watch nature at work and understand what goes on. and that's why i'm fascinated by and passionate about working with these beams, always to really gain new insights back to the liquid solar cell in a few years, we may be able to spray it on the house walls and blames. we also hope, of course, that it will have an influence on research and development in the industry and that in the end, it will be cheaper or better for all of us. so that solar cells last longer and don't have to be replaced. as fascinating as the complex these nano particles, the daisy encumbered could change the world

read. why do you have a science related question? then send it to 5 video text message. if we need to your question and i'll show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. come on, just on this week, it asked me chavez, from mexico, wants to know how much much disassemble is per 2nd, and how much energy does it generate? oh, son is a huge pool of electrically charged guns, ultraviolet lights and x rays show up vast plasma field loops along its magnetic field lines. we'd have to place the side by side more than a 100 times to reach the diameter of the sun. in comparison to our head start and the elements will forces the range. uh the earth is tiny,

almost unknown entities deep inside just it's called the energy is generated that makes the sunshine air. it's a temperature of 15000000 degrees celsius and under a numerous pressure, hydrogen atoms are fused to form, helium. it takes around a $100000.00 g is for the resulting radiation to reach the sun surface every 2nd, all homestar combats $4000000.00 tons of money to into energy for the sun, a med trifle for $1000000.00 tons. that's the weight of 10000 fully occupied long distance planes. the, the sun also loses mass through the cycle. solar wind. the constantly fleming stream of particles, flows through our entire solar system, creating

a protective bubble. it makes the sun one tell us not to pass that can go into it releases as much energy in a single 2nd as we own us use and a 1000000. yes. that's what formulas show that we find it hard to imagine the only a small percentage of this energy reaches promise us because the lights intensity decreases as a distance of song is only half way through. it's like spawn it will supply our planet with some light for another 4 and a half 1000000000 years. however, it will only lose a 1000. so if it's mass during its unimaginably long existence, once it's been tough, it's hydrogen. the sun will turn into a so called red giant, becoming huge,

the bloated and howling 10 to 20 percent of its mass into space. then it will have reached the end of its life, as we know, it will already of time the us and to hold that promise the that was this week's episode of tomorrow today, whether you've been watching on your phone or tablet or tv we have you enjoyed the show, see you next time. stay curious by the

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