what's at stake in this debate? the future is being determined now the, your revealed part one in our series. in 45 minutes on d w. what are sports? all of our scoring? we say they're about never giving up sports flies every weekend on d, w. vp radiation comes in waves and sometimes gets under the skin. radioactive and electro magnetic rays can penetrate deep into our bodies. take x rays that can cut through any states, the body luggage costs penetration rise into their atomic structure. but what

do they pose for that in more coming up, the kind of would welcome to tomorrow today decided describe them when it comes to new cape, how it all depends on the rest of nuclear power, produces aggressive radioactive waste. but what if instead of uranium, we were to use the meso story and waste from story empower stations supposedly. and it's very ation for much shows at times and uranium based new care ways. it's also supposed to be meltdown truth. but all of the claims for real, the nuclear gets a pretty bad rap, and there are some good reasons for that. in the coloring much from to japan,

you could read it still. there was a purse like union has suffered the news disasters in the history of nuclear, faster on known proportions, but we'll see if we could help nuclear energy without the problems a new meltdown. no weapons under lot less waste. well, the is a new p, a super fuel that set to do that. let me tell you kids about story. you told him we've learned about it for decades. in the summer of 1965 scientists at the oak ridge national guard tree in the us. right. and usually a history of how it up a ground breaking you react to. it was fundamentally different from most of the designs because it's nuclear feel didn't come in solid form. instead, it was mixed into the cooling that's circulated through the system, which instead of water was molten salt,

i would call them the stunning success. it did things and in the 1960s that we still can't do in reactors today, took sorenson as a self proclaimed story. and if i'm jealous his company slide, energy is working on a modern version of the oak ridge react to come up with things that are going to make it easier and better and safer and faster. but at the heart of it really use the technology, but it was originally put forward by often wineburg at oak ridge, national lab and in the 19 sixties and seventies. the vision now is the same as back fence to generate energy from story and it's a faintly radioactive chemical element. that's 2 to 3 times more abundant in the s crust than uranium, which is what we mainly use to power reactors. today. let's take a closer look at the chemical elements and that reisa types nuclear fuels we use today, like uranium 235, a file. this means when the ice of types nuclei a hit by a neutron, they'll actually break apart and release monique drums,

but split more items and so on. this nuclear chain reaction produces heat which compound a reactor. but the most common ice, the type of story m 232 comp split. it's not for style, but 5 tile one in each one hits it's optimal usually just absorb 6 times attends authority into 3 tree. no chain reaction yet, because after about 20 minutes or so, it decays into po, tucked 10 am to $33.00, which after about a month, the case into uranium 233. i thought those meant so the systems do tend to need to stop the top if you like a, a, a bit of a starts up. will store amounts of fuel to get the ball rolling. if you like to know minutes, a professor of nuclear physics at the university of bombing them. and once that is happening, we can start to grow in from the story. i'm this very into the uranium that keeps the system working the system. ready is set to be efficient because the molten soul

can serve as space of fuel and the coolant mission of reduce costs, maternity and operation control. so in the construction of the cons, that will say be less radioactive waste and conventional re access and much of it would be mostly gone off to hundreds instead of thousands of years. and in floria molten salt, we act as he'd get fetch me. no, you're pretty tiny and which continues to build nuclear weapons? all of this really seems like molten salt. react isn't the story. i'm a remote term agent having the test react to run it full. tell us mold in $13000.00 and became the world's fast react to, to run on uranium t $33.00, produced from florida. and then government officials both the plug. what happened? well, for one, the experiment didn't always run smoothly. the the experience with the martin salt reactor experienced what he meant in oakridge was pretty big.

this is i'm the amount of success to research as nuclear policy, the reactor trouble even reaching its design power level. it then did not run smoothly to shut down a lot. and in the 4 years that at all they tell you don't paid for me about 70 percent of the time that we're also questions about the materials in touch with the liquid fuel. the low is specifically designed to which stands extreme, heat, corrosive salt. so radioactivity should cranking and other concerns with the radioactive gas by product tricky in which it already becomes each way that the equipment become leaking into the environment. when you build something for the 1st time, you don't get everything right. you, you do find issues. that's why we built experience all technical issues aside. the real reason why the program was ended was different. i preached direct to open one badge, right? a problem is not the term right. there is

a pull. one brother if it's different from the main line, main line met pressurized holt, reactance that goes a much better tested design at this point that had been problems there too. but those were not as a pattern as the problems with the mountains on factor. and today there's a whole bunch of companies working on different molten salt, react to designs. they're all, for example, concepts to fuel a molten salt, react with radioactive waste, from conventional reactors, a tax or incense company is planning to build a small test reactor. we've gone through a number of generations of nuclear reactors and other technologies you most most into one initial generation. and it's time to, to continue on and in see and understand these, these advantages that can be infused into the design. china is currently testing a molten salt process and the guy does it an india home to the world's largest story and resides is also why can only access to utilize them as possible long time

nuclear struct. today the, you know, there's one level of, of it which is sort of talking and, and saying you're going to do things. but the more important aspect is to actually be doing it. and this might prove a lot how did the flushing 3 d animation suggest a multitude. so we act as really safer than conventional plots. any good regulator, we'd be asking a lot of questions to a designer. how was this reactive behavior? there's a fire pointed, there's an earthquake, what is your operator press this button and stuff that but those are not easy questions to answer to build a story and react to costs around 800000000 your raise compared to several 1000000000 for a conventional one. the regulators might require changes to react to designs that make them more expensive to build money will also be needed for to research and to

build an entire infrastructure and supply chain from scratch. in the last couple of years, we've had more capital than we've ever had before, and we proceeded much faster to be around before. but it's still a very, very small amounts compared to where we need a commercial story, a molten. so we access a still use a way, at least if they as a hoffman, a tool, there's a lot of catching up to date. the story empower spaces, apparently don't need huge amounts of work for cruising in front. some new tips on how to reduce the outputs last summer because dried up the roof is meant they couldn't get enough cooling for nuclear power, provide $75.00 to cents. a front has electricity on the 1st waste repository is being found in the countries, not this drilling

as an experiment that's been going on for more than 20 years. every day builders reset chosen scientists come down here in east the french village of who are in lorraine. they want to know what the rope will hold for at least the next 100000 years. amelia is a geologist and the boss here. she takes those 500 meters down to her underground rock labeau to treat the repository for more than 85000 cubic meters of radioactive waste is to be built a few kilometers from here already. the research lab is huge, stretching over 2 kilometers of tunnels. sensors monitors, things like the rock is moving uh, 6, okay. so we want to find out how the different materials behave over time. with simulating the effects of degradation and this bull home to the tribunal. 13 years

ago we lowered a gloss matrix into the wrong because it's one of the materials interesting containers of highly radioactive waste. addition to what action is it, the most dangerous calculated radioactive waste relates to be transported even deeper into the rock in steel containers like these control but robots, through micro tunnels. the final reports of trees built to hold all the highly radioactive just in front of the well and then goodness. you can see this clay rock has great properties for our needs. so suddenly pauses disc, that's extremely fine. it surfaces how much in us does hockey pores, the tools, so it doesn't look good strain ever too bad. to disrupt is practically impossible. it does. so the qualities always on said harsh books, demilia is these grand project might still fail. she still waiting for official

approval for the radioactive waste to be stored in this rock. but construction is scheduled to start in 5 years. the 1st containers would go into storage in 2050 above ground. the facility is far less spectacular. it's located in a sparsely populated area of up to 300 kilometers east of paris. it's peaceful with hardly any one on the roads, but things are getting turbulent in this quiet village. this side tells the repository where it can go in no uncertain terms. and that nuclear energy is out in this building has become the hopes of resistance activists from all over you to move in and out. but right now it's quiet and we can get an interview. the protesters often appear in the media. here they are last summer. it's a determines group, but small in comparison to the on, to nuclear movement in neighboring germany and media do they is aware that the

germans do things differently. gemini has made it decisions on energy policy. what's on a scientific level, we're still working together. and gemini, is also looking for a suitable nuclear waste site quickly after all radioactive waste won't just disappear, permanent storage solution need to be fine. no. it's also a question of responsibility that we don't just post the program if nuclear waste on to future generations. that's why we can say with what we know today with 30 years experience investigating the underground rock here that the plans were posit, treat as the safest and by sustainable solutions the government is likely to green light the project, not least because of

a lack of alternatives. in this regard, frances way ahead of germany, where the search for a permanent repository will take several more decades now to x rays, they, the electro magnetic waves produced by x ray tubes with the help of negatively charged particles called electronics. electronics generated using high voltage and smash into an obstacle to 7th diesel ration, produces energy in the form of x rays, and they were discovered 128. he is when they send the rates 18. 95 physicist vill holding. conrad went and made a monumental discovery. while experimenting with cafe cheats in his lap, he discovered a ray that could penetrate human tissue and reveal the inside of the building. an x ray image of his wife baptist home does the 1st documented example if this miraculous new technology,

the vin skins, discovery close to sensation in the scientific community and revolutionize the field of medicine. radiologist, thorsten blay, from the university clinical, pittsburgh, and germany explains some stuff. the funds are for the scientists were immediately excited. they recognized right away that this technology would be invaluable for the medical field, especially for showing broken bones and bone disease. soon afterwards, it was also used to identify soft tissue disorders in the chest and stomach areas on the x ray technology allowed doctors to make diagnoses and treatments that were previously impossible. the home for the effects of x rays was seen only done to fight as well, and then use for radiation treatment of comes into about 2 laces. generations of research has continued to explore the various uses of x rays due to advances and

medical imaging and computer technology. another milestone was achieved organs could be observed in 3 d, thanks to off official intelligence computer tomography or c t keeps getting back to, to complete the seats. positions will send the body to it to you has come so far that the resolution of the images we create keeps getting higher and we need a less examination thing to make them to the images of moving structures like the cardinality author. these are in the hearts which are small and moved by breathing, and the pulse can also be generated by the light to c t generation natalie produces better images. it will say provides more protection from radiation which is back to us. the patients house for sex, right? technology is not just use for medical purposes. it also helps to check passengers look at to tap ports to ensure no dangerous items of smoking through x rays

play a vital role in the world of o 2. by helping to spot forgeries in archaeology, x rays and used to more precisely examined ancient fines like mummies, without damaging them at the found holes, the institutes in the german city of pruitt x rays are used in a multitude of ways such as to be inspect construction materials on companies, dogs by speed, your thoughts like since you a high x ray technology can also be used to make the vehicle safer for you as a senior longer for a long time. no, we've used x rays on for example, it's called o u many and construction materials to check them for defects. and so that when they're installed and the vehicles are that unfortunately, we can guarantee safety on the road calls or developments or extra large c t systems can even scan entire vehicles. the x

rays are also used on prompts. flower pots in greenhouse is a scanned help document. conk grace. the technology can monitor how the plants react to heat some drainage, which makes it easier to select certain ones for breeding. now, it's even possible to x ray entire wheat fields. the you're found on the faithful part of you, and then we drive across the testing fields with our field robots as we call it star. and i know to find opiate keep us from there. we can give a relatively objective picture to the girl or the scene about how much a particular crop bill you are given coming and how fast the growth will be. the smartphone integration is x ray. technology is used expansively and its development continues. is what else you can find in the far from space to creating more x rays and shortening. measurement times will definitely be

a focus of research in the future. and that's with paul to collect, celebrates has come in care electrons, reach with light speed and produce up to $70000.00 x ray laser flashes per 2nd reset. choose from all over the world to use these especially intense x rays for a wide variety of experiments that could help shape the feature and now to the positive acceleration way, researches conducting x ray experiments. daisy is essential to natural science reset and have that they they work restrictive and then their level to be able to develop new processes and products based on images as they all come in. this is a solar cell or to be precise, spray on solar cell that could revolutionize solar technology. it's made of

cellulose, nono crystal substrates with a thin polymer membrane. here at the daisy research center in germany, you quickly ask yourself why you didn't pay more attention in school physics lessons. but let's start simply, where are we? isn't here in the we are here in the beam line of the pitcher 3 beam line, p 031 we're synchrotron. x rays are used to them. that doesn't help so much. but let's keep going to use trucks. comp has been working at the daisy for some 13 years and his team takes care of measurements. so what exactly is being measured here? and what does the famous 2.3 kilometer long particle accelerator has to do with it? let me go and wish you know the accelerator itself on because the name suggests accelerates the particles which preceded the travelling almost the speed of light. and when they pass through a magnetic field and

a sort of change their trajectory of a vehicle and lose energy in the form of x rays on the way the team could then use this x ray radiation to precisely determine the structure of various subjects. but why is that helpful? the most common for students that can play a role in a number of everyday things. i b, a chocolate or a solar cells or implants or muscle research. so we put a variety of objects in the x ray beam. ok? union sky high, the beam comes from there that hits this object in his scattered table. and we have various detectors, the capture, the light, and on the basis of the pattern that emerges on these image was, most of us, we can model what happened at the nano level. so what can i can, what i'm, what in the human bustle, phenomenal, even the policy of this diesel to use, it looks it too hard. it's narrower, here and wide are here. and the detector has also been tilted here. what's the assess? being fascinated by the natural sciences since he was a child. he studied chemistry and that his ph. d. a daisy know kind of as pawn.

they've been, they are in to see it. and i'm very interested in the processes of nature and want to watch nature at work and understand what goes on. and that's why i'm fascinated by and passionate about working with these beams. always like to really gain new insights back to the liquid solar cell in a few years. we may be able to spray it on his walls and planes to your home on such image. so we also hope, of course, that it will have an influence on research and development in the industry. and that in the end, it will be cheaper or better for all of us. so that solar cells last longer and don't have to be replaced. as fascinating as the complex these nano particles, the daisy in hamburg could change the world. the problem let is read. why do you have the science related question?

then send it to 5 video text social it's may 6. if we see to your question and i'll show, we'll send you a little surprise as the thanks you come on. just on the this week it asked me chavez, from mexico wants to know the how much much does the sun lose per 2nd, and how much energy does it generate? oh, son is a huge pool of electrically charged guns, ultraviolet lights and x rays show up vast plasma field loops along its magnetic fields lines. we'd have to place the side by side more than a 100 times to reach the diameter of the sun in comparison to our home star. and the elements will false is the range. uh, the us is tiny,

almost unknown entities deep inside just it's called the energy is generated that makes the sunshine air with a temperature of 15000000 degrees celsius. and under a numerous pressure, hydrogen atoms of fused to form, helium, it takes around a 100000 years for the resulting radiation to reach the some surface every 2nd, all homestar combat school, the and tons of money to into energy for the son, a med trifle. 4000000 tons, that's the weight of 10000 fully occupied long distance planes. the. the sun also loses mass through the cycle. solar wind, the constantly flowing stream of particles, flows through our entire solar system,

creating a protective bubble. it makes the sun one ton of my to pass that can go into it releases as much energy in a single 2nd as we own us use and a 1000000. yes. that's what formulas show that we find it hard to imagine. the only a small percentage of this energy reach has promised to us. because the lights intensity decreases as the distance of sun is only half way through. it's like spawn it will supply our planet with some lights for another 4 and a half 1000000000 years. however, it will only lose a 1000. so if it's mass during its unimaginably long existence, once it's been tough, it's hydrogen. the sun will turn into a so called red giant, becoming huge. he bloated and howling,

10 to 20 percent of its mass into space. then it will reach the end of its life as we know it. and we already of time the us into a whole dead planet the that was this week's episode of tamara today. whether you've been watching on your phone or tablet or tv, we have enjoy the shows. see you next time. state curious by the,

the old, the harvesters are in my grandson, the and everything you enjoyed eating at home with your family was harvested by people and a more be exploited migrations. an issue that divides europeans like no other. what's at stake in this debate?

the future is being determined now. your revealed part one in our series. in 15 minutes on d. w. in good shape. how can we manage stress? the mind and body both need regular breaks from the pressure of everyday life? otherwise we can become sick. but there are different kinds of stress means there's different types of recovering the 90 minutes, dw, the smile to

the news. the one of mankind's oldest ambitions could be within re what is it really is possible to reverse the researchers and scientists all over the world for in a race against time. they are peers and rivals

with one daring goals to help smart nature. the more likes watching it on youtube, dw documentary, the the this is dw, use life from berlin for columbia. children i filed a live of to 40 days in the jungles. there's no rush in bogota for medical treatment. they went missing off to a plane crash, killed to them mother and the other adults and also coming up.