the new things village traces says it's recounted several front lines, talents from russian forces in the southeast of the country. at the 1st gains ukraine's counter offensive. russia has protected the claim, saying it has repels ukrainian attacks in the area. the reset itself, you mentioned coming up next on paid facilities and full well you 6 now on your on the w, i'll see you again say placing time tomorrow by the prophets hearing instead of response of the global business of asbestos. this is not legitimate business. the people that are in don't deserve to be treated

with any kind of courtesy by the governments of the world. the never ending story of asbestos starts june 21st on d, w. the south africa. these hills are known as the cradle of human kind. they tell the story of evolution. nowhere else has so many of our ancestors possible being discovered. but one mystery remains when exactly to the 1st humans a pen and walk with our lives. like that's one patio anthropologist, josie, but i've gone once to find out at the chrome dry audiological site in south africa . he aims to give a voice to the bones of ancestors, the,

the, the paleo anthropologist, josie, but a guy is a well, the expert in his field, whether with the state of the art lavar tree equipment for in the dusty savannah, he is searching for the origin of human kind and the missing piece of the puzzle in most sapiens family tree color. so device is a space allocated to is not true to this general consensus that all human beings living on the planet today have the origin in africa around 100000 years ago in west the buffalo, some seo tools look at the one the c 5. if you goes to the back around 2000000 users, it's a different story. step down falls down.

yes, we still don't know exactly where the home a genius image and whether it was 2 or more like 3000000 years ago. it's good idea of us to the bottom. you left off the here in chrome dry, close to johanna. his bag protocol aims to solve this mystery. besides these parts of the cradle of human kind and the many fossils in this landscape have revealed the story of evolution. it has been listed as the unesco welled, heritage science since 1999 the humanities family tree, bronze tall from the gray tapes. 7000000 years ago. we and our ancestors descended from that new genus. the home in any one of

those ancestors is off. charlotte peasant cuts off whom several skeletons have been found. some of them over 3000000 years old. but about 2000000 years ago, they spaces died down the transition from australia pits because the human still counts as a blind spot in evolutionary history. and no false soul has yet been found from the period between 3 and 2000000 years ago. that will give us any clues but the guy became site manager of the chrome dry archaeological site in south africa in 2002 to try and solve this mystery. the, the, at the time the region was mainly living on its reputation. the last relevant

discovery came from the 19 started the 1st regard to find nothing new, but he doesn't coupon. he trusts his instincts and modern technology for some bearings succeed june. and you guys can choose a top of your the brick off things. chrome dry is much bigger than originally assumed to find new excavations sites. he uses aerial photo grama tree to carry out 3 d survey. by combining this and chemical soil analysis, he plans to track down on discovered false hopes, the and in the end,

the new survey shows that this soil layout really task stretch far into the no problem dr. is 5 times as launches originally. so the percentage of fossil treasure in the unexplored region begins the, the team gathers a launch number of samples. nobody has any idea how significant the new fines will be the search engines or can to go this percentage of bits of pieces i choose from a prime major problem. i'm already in the drawer here. she don't like see this

even before it's taken out of the ground, it's clear that this is an entire tool that you send from a home in any. it's extraordinary. i see the data off to cancel the cleaning. it becomes clear that this isn't a most perfectly preserved language. all of a child. it's a small sensation. but does it belong to a human child, or an esther le pipkins might even have originated in the mysterious transition period between the 2 general boucher models. i know specializes in medical imaging, he makes a computerized model of the tool to find some ounces.

the donation is a community that i'm on is if you were using your data to create a model of the job, the child of come dry with its tooth bones on till 6 called. you know, it's extraordinary heat up. so we might a visually visa, so i've never seen anything like this in an auster loop, if it goes to on those cartilage and they never have these long, central, lateral and sizes hung up on the logo. so suddenly i thought all these facts of my initial impression score and i'm question would be good because, you know, let's add some more criteria to make sure this is really a human mandible. dixie adults who can multiply, show me, jump off on this cool, nice feeling. i'll give you 2 minutes. the, the teeth inside the low a jewel have remained unchanged since the death of the child. that shape and

position suggests the genus is home. but from which precise stage of evolution the should be the just from the eyes like nestles, just one guy doesn't mind it. it's what special about the child of crum dry is that it combines modern and primitive characteristics in a way we've never seen before. with such old fossil as to why, because you can see very primitive australia pay that gets characteristics in this i to the got that look at that either caught them tunnel down, but then we also have very clear human characteristics. you'll see also, or if the child had been out a bit moment to a stage of development, we would not have been able to see this and you don't see that it can cause increase on the way, passing up on a so called if this one right and the fact that it's a small child gives us some key information. these all center is one that we don't get. now what constituted a human from a couple of 1000000 use the guidelines?

i think it was the way they grew up and but to be able to say that was such a t, we have to find more human infants from this period like this one or not home. what makes these fine so valuable is it's early stage of development. but a guy is certain that an image or a low a jewel, will provide indications office patients. this would not be the case in a fully develop, jones. everything points to the fact that the joint originated in the transition period between australia, pentecost and humans. nope, that's no big deal. and this is where the problem started with our chrome dry child and we enjoy some of them. others not so much. i love this one, but it will still be complicated. we have to date the fossil, the specially whether it's older or younger than 2000000 is is yep. so i'm sudden, it's all the, but that's not enough. we need proof in front of the police. everything

depends on the fossils age. but 9th is a dna analysis. know the radio, comp and method is able to date such an old fall. so there's only one thing left to try and determine the age of the soil in which the fossil was found. the, to do this for gall, put together a team of geologists to look the indications of which era, the soil and tasks the china. it's joel came from the 1st. the team has to learn about the composition of the sewing in the new the dunk area. the, the almost square side is voted by line start either blocks of whether we yes,

totally separate and you said it will go completely with and it will be, you know, the front. i mean, we, you definitely want to, but it's not 2nd 19 the standing want to is a bit of a mystery. the as an entire story behind it. a story from the time this child lived in chrome dry. the, the secret lies in the stuck fontaine caves close to chrome dry. they found little fucked. and these limestone caves the most complete skeleton of an australia pip because evidenced compet it took several gas to estimated to change. it was 3700000 years over the home blue cell

headed up the team at the time in new these cave labrenz edits, history inside out all night. you don't need to go, he can go the other thing one year for my son. like what's here, we have small passages but not the creation of the cave. so you can see the process that she just said were below ground water level. so everything is under water of up to the water just slowly and gradually dissolves bits of carbonate and magnesium she wants to do with sand. and anything that dissolves easily is washed out. it's what it is when you get. this is how lab renting grotto is form and equal thousands of kilometers long. it's only the dental office to fill sees discoveries from the stuck fontaine caves. false the team in chrome try to think again. the geologist found the same disintegration process in the bronx of both. okay. so the 2 locations seem to be connected on the ground. the opening to

the surface has to be a remnant of collapsed car adults. that means that the site didn't come dry was once an underground k, the full protocol and his team. this is an important realization they want to understand when and how the cave filled up is based the key today doing the child of chrome dry to an indication that the origin of human kind the,

the one is it goes into the goal instead of the spectrum. then it sits on when one a strip contains larger halls individual that's about 30 meters long and 20 meters wide and about 30 meters high. that's exactly the same size as calm, dry f o meant as well. this is interesting because here we have an unfilled cave, as for 1st we still have a bolt separating us from the surface. a good 10 meters of rocks are really good to so we have to imagine that geological changes are making the roof thinner, and at some stage it will open stones will fall in soil and also animals that we're finding now it's possible in which i shall gradually a pile of rubble will form called tell us like in an hour glass, so the opening is a trap, but over thousands of years catches what used to be on the surface when it's a time capsule of what was happening outside at the time to meet the need let me more, just especially at least tell you the toddlers rises until the opening is

clogged again. perhaps due to a collapse. once the whole closes, everything below it becomes fossilized. at the same time style it might grow slowly in the case. as soon as the whole reopens a 2nd part of screen, foams on top of the fast, the in chrome dry, the fall and the cave roof was completely eroded. so the screen that the fossils were embedded in was exposed to here we have a snapshot of what the com drive must have looked like for 5 or 6000000 years ago just before the cube open to the surface of the crystal fuss. at 1st sight, everything seems to come from one song. but electromagnetic measurement show that there are actually different lands each from a different e polk, the geologist trying to date the lat, in which the human jewel was found. regard hopes to then be able to estimate the

age of the chrome trying child because people of the size of it both a june but teeth to full val specializes in animal fossils. he identifies the type and evolutionary stage of the fragments of the bone fragments help. thanks the animals patience. this is a fema from what i bowed. yes. for val thinks this was a small antello from the same period as the child of chrome dry. but walter's done talents, easy to what i'm trying to put the puzzle together. he's bite the,

the death of this animal to today. these finds help us understand the ecosystem to him in any developed within me. so basically it's also suggest open no wooded savannah, but that says little about the age of the land since today's antelope. so too similar to the ancestors to many and years ago to determine the age of the teams, need to find animals whose anatomy has changed to mall. after a few hours, they find a solid block containing fossilized bones of an unknown animal. the full valid, candidly exposes the sample with a dentist's content. he has to be very careful not to damage the fossil

caffeine. i'm excited but i thought it might be a fee line private to after cleaning it, i have to complete gums and say, but taste of a 2000000 year old bee line credit. and again, terry and they don't really and it's the breakthrough they were hoping for. disabled to tonga appeared about 3000000 years ago in africa, and died down to about 2000000 years ago. the lay of the animal gums and the child's joel was found in is in fact, from the transition period between australia, pentecost, and human bought the team has to date it even more precisely. the geologists get to walk again. they use a static mind from the phone. ok to measure the time and what i like, the less that i need to come license and this is these to lag might from from dry.

the cradle of human kind is the only one we know we're still in place and it can be backdated. i need to know some older people. and they told me the style its mind so foamed from drops containing tiny amounts of uranium. over time, the uranium tends to let, the ratio of the 2 elements reveals the age of this down. the static might, must be between 2 and 2300000 years, so the, the thomas under the static might, must be owned. this proves that the fossils from the thomas below the static might also molten 2000000 years old. the found the indications that the child's jewel comes from the transition period from australia pickets to human animal is conducting office to the

combined. so i'm try gives us exactly what we were missing and strict fontaine, you the connecting piece between australia pit the coast and how many instruct fontaine these layers have been lost due to erosion in chrome drive. they are still there. here we can bring together the links between all the stories from the cradle of human kind, then also the investment, even if it's a spectacular discovery. the challenge of come dry is the oldest human child ever excavated. an examination of the lower joint discloses the age of the 1st humans. it also shows as well differentiate them from australia. pivot goes on to do you told me the need to be for so you might don't want his paws. we can count on the fingers of one hand, the number of funds we have from the period before 2 to 3000000 years ago. and never a child, no phone, buddy in chrome drive. we have this infant who is showing as what humans were like

2000000 years ago. pruitt on email. yeah. do you know the name or when i see uh, send the credit to move them into the office. i thought to the next, it was a phony falling. we made a 3 d image from the data to compare the lower job of a 2 year old today with a chrome dry child and the tongue child dental funded to come. i think i'm eligible for the iconic australia. basic is childs clinic. the tone child was discovered in 1924 in south africa at the time. it was the 1st and only oscar of the pentecost, and it didn't generate much interest since it was thought the parcels of children did not provide much information. it's usually important, however, as it helps to differentiate modern day humans from earlier jenner saw the style of music as child and read chrome dry and blue to be true. and that's what it looks like today. we notice that you present on

a few why i'm hoping such that means you can also compare, you can get into about half of the job here. so you can to rate the tongue. child really has no chance. it's slanted and could not be receiving chan, whether you being the con, the chrome dried child has quite a vertical profile. very different to this here. when you do this, i know some of us do the gym does not receive as strongly as the tongue one member, the oldest of these symptoms. this area is also less broad. so the also has to and this demo apology of the 2 is one dish, which dip is a lot from the australia. pity goes, i feel like you've done to detect you off the whole boat. we have a series of characteristics here that suggest it is close to, to a modern day child then to in australia pace it goes something planted when he changes everything. it's much more modern than we thought. you know what our sales representatives focusing on those. and so the criteria that defined what humans and now outdated, the young walking upright using tools,

the large brain. let's see. now we know that the style appears. he goes to also use tools and walked up right? will say good to use it also to protect the lodge. bryan didn't develop until after the 1st humans appeared. it said it means you know, the resulting today. the belief is more that the criteria for the coming human have to do with development. see by all this in unit and with the false to love this invent, we're able to answer that for the 1st time, 1st through the whole book point a point up front. i point once it gets to the paleo anthropologists realized that this find will revolutionize their research. the problem try they hope to find out want originally made humans humans. the while the 3 d images are being analyzed to search for more information continues at the chrome dry site. the geology provides the

researchers with new details. the cave filled up until the time has reached the ceiling. it's possible that predators then moved in the false holes from the thomas will probably that pray. and they tell us about the lives that the 1st humans the seen on the subject. yeah, them, you know, the need to many in years ago we was primarily scavenger, benefiting from others. laugh davis. and it was at the same time when we, what price, you know, it was easy to eat that i didn't know. so it's exciting to find the remains of ancestors who would pray. it brings up new questions around how we continue to develop from and change from one avery. to find out more about the 1st humans, the researchers look the new phones a comparison. if the 3 jones of the australia pit the goods, the chrome dry child,

and modern day humans alone is not enough to rewrite human history, a comparison is also needed with the run trip us. another home in, in genes. and the rent for post means alongside humans. it is considered close relative. it appears around the same time as the homo genus. there is disagreement about whether it is an australia pit because or descends from the 1st, the rand surpassed was discovered in 1938 clubs to chrome dry, the previous month, 8020 volunteer book. so the 1st humans and 1st representatives of the genus a very different from one. another aspect of the parental post has to be kentucky. look facial features as well with an overdeveloped investigatory, f, a rod. as the deed was vegetarian and specialized in consuming hot plants, contrary to the 1st humans only by the 2 studies suggest that they ate both plants

and meat. courtney's email utility shot so much made in fact, that traces of it can be found as a g. a chemical signature inside the table and costs using your toyota and you can tell you all the don't say for me is, you know, the brick all wants to unravel the origins of human kind. to do this, he would have to compare how human children and the rent for best children developed over 2000000 years ago. the problem is that no parental pest child has yet been discovered. regard hopes to find one in chrome trying the he brings a specialist on board to find out when to drink. and tell him b. lloyd well use the latest technology to lead him to the right place. she can

predict weather launches, number of fossils to be found to my specific area. studies is on the 3 the reconstruction of the site and understanding spatial patching. using 3 d does is tire rotation method. visa, actually the fossils whose coldness they've collected. he has seen that socialization and reggie has the bosses and in green you have the humans and in yellow we have kind of was. so what we find some uh, 3 d special analysis as that we actually have full main testers close to one and to contain the most fossil. so this is the most dense region of the site actually ologies, very destructive process. and part of the discovery is destruction, but my focus within my ph. d is to ensure that we can actually preserve

data in such a way that future generations can have an image of what it's looked like before. it was removed compared to the fi 2 times, i think now there's a lot more knowledge and awareness of this and a lot more representation as well. so me, for example, being a black woman studying this. that's very rare. but we are pioneering and opening spaces for us to know our history and disseminate and as well regarding sweat, i'm going locates the highest probability of finding human and also surgical the for the most of the false key. this looks like part of a task completely disintegrated. on presented the most of the walk,

you're going for the reasons, the ivory goes in all directions. a typical find that tells us absolutely nothing for simple to take them all. you feel the center lead only shows is the inclination angle of the layout circles. n g come over here. well, i think we have an inside the here that's in the opposite direction to the layer with the parenthesis together. tony's if suppose, come so we, we like these, we get us that's clearly not to sound. it defeats the hypothesis that we have another entrance to another source of materials. here we go, can not hold this even older. yes. own that indicates a much longer, more complex history. the elephant task is important. talked right. it's position at right angles to the other. fines reveals that it belongs to a different thomas, presumably from another opening in the k for

the this thomas is partially covered by the one that contains the 1st humans and parenthesis. so it's folder. but how exactly the excitement grows so easily change. this layer is very, very loose. the other parts of binds don't conform to know what they are, you having to take them out and you can put all that together. but it's too hard for the tool. will need other tools for that and i'm finally home on the recovering the fossil from the solid ground takes time. but too much air exposure can damage the bones. to avoid this launch blocks at countertop and

taken to the step fontaine, the bar and tray. the fossils are extracted, the vista fontaine land belongs to the wrong clock, the discount for of little photo. he rarely opens his lab, but regardless find awakens his curiosity. the why is this piece corresponds to the rights of that space. and so it student needs some preparation. yeah. so it does, but wow,

let's see 0. this is all ready to see my interest. this doesn't look like a parenthesis. yeah. and at the moment in the matrix, it's that easy to tell, talked about. so if you look at the p, if you look at the payments, so that doesn't mean to yeah. and also to 50 two's roof. the more i look at this, the more i feel is one of these for the 1st turn now, chrome dry. you have to know strong, typical simple. i'm sure that i'm so these for you, not the least, i'm pleased for the science because this is so much to know much of the way these

harmonies were developing. and the different species has existed at any one time. so the world in the, the last fall soul brings the real sensation from dry is the only site in the well, the present, the transition from all sort of pits. it goes towards parenthesis and mind. these are the 3 crucial pieces of the puzzle to unravel the origin of human kind. set us on a particular on the typically post do this. if this astrology, you think a specimen is very close to the folk in the family tree, all the may be one of the last before parentheses separated from human law. and what so interesting in from dr. is that in the la with this go, we found both the oldest parenthesis and the oldest humans. so it really records

the moment when the transition happened to find in australia basic is that lived well before this split for parents, for this loan officer, that is quite interesting to mount pleasant. the most goals you have, the better. com. but i'm more interested in the blank page and the history books and the moments when the space is separate, those little models that sit on sacrament. berrydunn knows he's witnessing and historical moment. one that many of his colleagues will envy him full skills that we all set up. we're touching our emphasis here and the defendants chrome dry is the time machine. the bought paragon is missing one, a central element. what exactly was the difference between human and around trip as children 2000000 years ago, the she's convinced that this is the key to understanding how humans came to be finding another parents or post baby towards the end of the dig

seems online click the well chrome drive or the ellipse la, secret after a look, have the bottom teeth and other ro obtained see the progress of those into the yes i have the in sizes got plenty of time for the 1st time. we're coming face to face with a peremptory post baby. hold on a shot closing every time i'm here because i hope to find either a human baby or perhaps because the people said i'm in the on the, the ballpark point of the, the, you know, the corporate them welcome little parental controls will learn a lot from the time when we compare it to what you're viewing baby is joel. we also

found them on the piece of joy is the pinnacle of brick oswick. at last he can compact a run purpose baby with a human baby that he found at the beginning the what kind of parental purpose baby tell us about becoming human. if at his job is to then use the of south african paleo anthropology, is this those parental boost child school ever discovered worldwide? the because i'm at no cost. what i can do then, hopefully i'll tell you using a particle accelerator called a synchrotron, we are creating a 3 dimensional x ray image of the inside of the to give us with the posey. she's on be these all publishers. i'm being honest, these 5 micro meters,

6 structures correspond to the enamel that is deposited in a baby in 24 hours. depos yeoman capital similar to the annual rings of trees. this ticket, the deposit the foster, the tooth has grown a ballpark. we found that the teeth of the small parenthesis grow significantly faster than the teeth of small human to the shows. you know, it was interesting. i usually just, you do call. we also saw the differences in g or chemistry. it was a short term for the ratio of calcium isotopes and the human and korean therapist teeth gave us information about nutrition as the tooth form knology. that's what i'll do. the form i sort of said this is important because the isotope ratio changes during the transition from lack taishan to solid food intake us also need you also have to leave with a professional, a little side scroller dequarius includes analysis, show that the parenthesis where we in the very early, just a moment was that a little bit and this also can probably shortly or a few months of to, but if it's,

you know, humans, on the other hand, we're waiting to much, later, not until about age 3. so, so it is not because the only demo this had implications for social life. since raising a child that was waned, much later required much more effort from the parents and the group. then the child waned early. i smelled that i found you will be in the a car relation between the duration of childhood and social structure can already be observed in great takes a connection that may be transferable to the 1st humans. so between the 3 s started the behavior different primates and the jungle and supports for gone in his analysis. so regardless of the legally yes. so the higher she'd go in those wings much earlier than chimpanzee no longer as long as the women metabolism focuses on brain development and cognitive

skills on, do you have a key baker? this would never be needing to give us a decrease in which they learn to will can climb later or the from showing oakland between white. and he's also available. what type of duncan, the young chimpanzee clings to his mother's penny, and is completely dependent on her. so the interest have to click through the, the community helps to defend the youngest son. he does have internet, presumably a 100 and then go the switch so we can present the rent is on the other hand, could become independent, much 30th, and chimpanzees fit to within any pre pre country to what you might think that this shortens the learning period to earn it, and as i'm giving you sort of a pool in washington d. c. chimpanzees starting to use tools during a longer learning phase. this takes time, and this support is the big wireless rendered, was entity the cause of sale. the,

when i watched him pansies, i feel very close to them. why is that like part of my family? see if i could go to and if you imagine the 1st humans how they lived together, have a noise that was like this. you've also some good people that remote i'd like on the big difference with humans is that the chimpanzees to was remain the same you to this day. and i guess what they pass on the knowledge to the next generation as it pulled up in a moment. but there was no progress to feel no further development of a totally meant some community. and that's probably the difference which human of ethics or the culture grew steadily too high. we picked up the, the tools i've been to virginia has for more than the i'm not sure. so primitive humans, childhood was much longer than that of the parental. the,

the analogy to today's great types allows conclusions to be drawn about how many organized society is 2000000 years ago. the 1st groups of people seem to be united by one main go to protect that off spring. this makes the group vulnerable, but apparently safe is the policy on of knowledge folder guy and his colleagues. this is the long salt topped a key to being human the these problems at home. sometimes i see it as close as you did. you make a to that wouldn't be from dry is the proof that humans strategy was the best one. since the parents are both disappeared, 1000000 years ago it's gonna include humans on the other hand, have evolved in an original way you compared to the astrology. as it goes and parents are busy, i feel the put, the human reproductive strategy means giving birth to walk spring that need a lot of energy and attention to develop that brains. this strategy prevails. it

allowed us bases to populate the entire planet academy, and as descendants of a space is that i am convinced not from already lived as we don't see on this. this also kind tv, at least as far as the relationship with the children was concerned onto calls. people sound a little hoppel. if you have, you know, the phone or gone spectacular find spring is closer to i am substance. the fossil motors show that the secret of on species is the long lactation perry. this evolutionary step is what made the unique development of humans possible. the ego, the highest organic standards, and that's the here in africa. the theme safety is training historians gone in 5 hours, bio dynamic agriculture, it gives them access to global organic export markets. case of high enduring

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and explore fascinating world heritage sites dw world heritage. 360 now the this is the the news live from the the full my italian prime minister, silvio berlusconi. as done was 86. we look back that the controversial legacy of the lita and 1000000000 and medium of also coming off your grand.