of swans or a protected species in slovakia and it took full months to gain permission to remove them both but we assume they would just fly away but they didn't like, you know it's a rear case in slovakia, so we didn't have any experience as you hopefully will be smarter in the future. conservationists have taken this ones to a channel far away from the puppy field, where they going cold turkey, as they saw abrupt, slid. is your news update at this hour? if you want more news and analysis, you can find it on our website, doc. com or check us out with social media or hands. and there is these opinions and clear richardson. thank you so much for watching the really profiteering instead of responsive the global business of s best us

this is not legitimate because the people that are in the talk deserve to be treated with any kind of courtesy by the governments of the world. the never ending story of asbestos starts june 21st on dw, the south africa. these hills are known as the cradle of human kind. a tell the story of evolution. nowhere else has so many of our ancestors puzzles being discovered. but one mystery remains. when exactly did the 1st humans a pen and walk with our lives, like that's one patio anthropologist. josie. com wants to find out at the chrome dry archaeological site in south africa. he aims to give a voice to the bones of ancestors,

the paleo anthropologist shows even a god is a wild x. but in his fields, whether with the state of the art lavar tree equipment or in the dusty savannah is searching for the origin of human kind. and the missing piece of the puzzle in most sapiens family tree color. so jealous, i will email you. this is a space allocated to is not true to this general consensus that all human beings living on the planet today have the origin in africa around 100000 years ago in west the police. are you looking for one of those funds?

if he goes to the back around 2000000 use, it's a different story. they just shut down poles. could you anything about? yes, we still don't know exactly where the home a genius image and whether it was 2 or more like 3000000 years ago. us good idea of us to the bottom. you left off the here in chrome dry close. did you a hand his bag protocol ames to solve this mystery? the scientists ponce of the trade live human kind. and the many fossils in this landscape have revealed the story of evolution. it has been listed as the unesco welled, heritage science since 1999 the humanities family tree, bronze tall from the gray tapes. 7000000 years ago. we and our ancestors are

descended from that new genus. the home in any one of those ancestors is off charlotte, pentecost, of whom several skeletons have been found. some of them over 3000000 years old. but about 2000000 years ago, they spaces died down the transition from australia pits because to human still counts as a blind spot in evolutionary history. and no false soul has yet been found from the period between 3 and 2000000 years ago. that will give us any clues but the guy became site manager of the chrome dry archaeological site in south africa in 2002 to try and solve these mystery. the, the,

at the time the region was mainly living on its reputation. the last relevant discovery came from the 19 that is the 1st regard to find nothing new, but he doesn't give up. he trusts his instincts and modern technology. richard varies the 16th of june and you guys can choose a top of your the brick off things. chrome dry is much bigger than originally assumed to find you. excavation sites uses aerial photo gramma tree to carry out 3 d survey. by combining this and chemical soil analysis,

he plans to track down on this carpet false hopes, the and in the end, the new survey shows that this sewing on, i really task stretch far into the no problem dr. is 5 times as launches originally sold, the percentage of fossil treasure in the unexplored region begins the between gathers a launch number of samples. nobody has any idea how significant the new fines will be the search engines or can to go this percentage of

bits of pieces i choose from a prime age. and i'm already in the drawer here. she don't like see this even before it's taken out of the ground, it's clear that this is an entire joint present from a home in any. it's extraordinary. i see the data off to cancel the cleaning. it becomes clear that this isn't a most perfectly preserved knowledge on of a child. it's a small sensation. but does it belong to a human child, or an auster le pipkins might even have originated in the mysterious transition period between the 2 general boucher

models. i know specializes in medical imaging. he makes a computerized model of the tool to find some ounces. the donation is a community that i'm owns. if you were using your data to create a model of the job, the child of come dry with a tooth bones on till $600.00. you know it's extraordinary up. so we might a no, usually the says one, i've never seen anything like this in an auster locus. so i'm just touching up, they never have these long, central lateral in sizes hung up on the laws. you know? certainly, i thought all this backs up my initial impression question would be good because, you know, let's add some more criteria to make sure this is really a human mandible. dixie adults who can all that partial me jump off on me. cool. nice. yes. now i can only be 2 men, the,

the teeth inside a low, a jewel, have remained unchanged since the death of the child. the shape and position suggests the genus is home. but from which precise stage of evolution the should be data from the eyes, lighting, and associates. thank god. jessica mcclain digits. what's special about the child of chrome dry is that it combines modern and primitive characteristics in a way we've never seen before. with such old fossil as to what account you can see very primitive australia peasy gives characteristics in this i to got to look at that either caught them tato down, but then we also have very clear human characteristics. you'll see also to keep the child has been out a bit more mature, a stage of development. we would notice being able to see this sense of, you know, i don't see that it can cause i increase one of my percent off on the call to 50 so, so right in the fact that it's

a small child gives us some key information. these all center is what we don't get now. what constituted a human from a couple of 1000000 use the guidelines? i think it was the way they grew up and but to be able to say that with certainty, we have to find more human infants from this period like this one or that home. what makes these fine so valuable is it's early stage of development. but a guy is certain that an image or a low a jewel, will provide indications of this patience. this would not be the case in a fully develop, jones. everything points to the fact that the joint originated in the transition period between australia, pentecost and humans. nope, but no i think no d b and this is where the problem started with that chrome dry child and we enjoy some of them. others not so much. i love this one, but it everything depends on the fossils age. but 9th, as a d n, a analysis,

know the radio compound method is able to date such an old call. so there's only one thing left to try and determine the age of the soil in which the fossil was found. the, to do this for a gone, put together a team of geologists to look for indications of which era of the soil and tasks the child's jones came from. first, the team has to learn about the composition of this sewing in the new the dunk area . the, the almost square side is boarded by limestone deluxe, or whether it's weight. yes, totally service. and you said it will go completely west and it will be, you know, what? i mean? certainly you definitely want to but it's not 2nd. 19 the

standing want to is a bit of a mystery. there's an entire story behind it. a story from the time this child lived in chrome dry. the the secret lies in the stuck fontaine caves close to chrome dry. they found little fault and these limestone caves, the most complete skeleton of an australia pay because f, a discovered it took several gas to estimated to age. it was 3700000 years on the home blue cell headed up the team at the time in new these cave labrenz edits, history inside out oh no,

you don't need to go the tune got the one year for my son. like what's here? we have small passages but not the creation of the caves to feel that you can see the process that she just said were below ground water level. so everything is under water and of up to up until the water just slowly and gradually dissolves bits of carbonate and magnesium. she wants to give you the sand and anything that dissolves easily is washed out to do this, when you get this is how lab renting grotto is form and that equal thousands of kilometers long. it's on the left you have until for us to fill sees discoveries from the stuck fontaine caves. false the team in chrome try to think again. the geologist found the same disintegration process in the bronx of both. okay. so the 2 locations seem to be connected on the ground. the opening to the surface has to be a remnant of collapsed car adults. that means that the site didn't come

dry was once an underground k, the full, but a guy and his team. this is an important realization they want to understand when and how the cave filled up is based the key today doing the child of chrome dry to an indication that the origin of human kind the, this one is in those, in the goal instead of the spectrum then it sits on when one

a strip contains larger halls individual that's about 30 meters long and 20 meters wide and about 30 meters high. that's exactly the same size as calm, dry f omen. just one. this is interesting because here we have an unfilled cave, as for 1st we still have about separating us from the surface and there's a good 10 meters of rocks are really good to. so we have to imagine that geological changes are making the roof thinner, and at some stage it will open stones will fall in soil and also animals that we're finding now it's possible in north central gradually, a pile of rubble will form called tell us like in an hour glass, so the opening is a trap, but over thousands of years catches was used to be on the surface. one is a time capsule of what was happening outside at the time. to me then, the let me more just especially at least tell you the toddlers rises until the opening is clogged again. perhaps due to the collapse. once the whole closes, everything below it becomes false aligned. at the same time,

stalagmites grow slowly in the case. as soon as the hole reopens a 2nd part of the screen, phones on top of the fast, the in chrome dry, the phone, the cave roof was completely eroded. so the screen that the fossils were embedded in was expensed are looking around. so here we have a snapshot of what a comp drive must have looked like for 5 or 6000000 years ago, just before the cube, open it to the surface of the crystal fuss. at 1st sight, everything seems to come from one's own. but electromagnetic measurements show that there are actually different lands each from a different e polk, the geologist trying to date the lat, in which the human jewel was found. regard hopes to then be able to estimate the age of the crumb, trying child. because people of

the size of a both a june but teeth to full val specializes in animal fossils. he identifies the type and evolutionary stage of the fragments of the bone fragments help. thanks the animals patience. this is a fema from what i believe it. yes. for valid things, this was a small antello from the same period as the child of chrome dry. but walter's done talents easy to what i'm trying to put the puzzle together. he's by the death of this animal to today. these fines help us understand the ecosystem to him in, in a, developed with,

in the both it fossil suggest open no voided savannah, but that says little about the age of the land. since today's antelope, the 2 similar to that ancestors 2000000 years ago, or to determine the age, the teams need to find animals whose anatomy has changed to mall. after a few hours, they find a solid block containing fossilized bones of an unknown animal. the full valid, candidly, exposes the sample with a dentist's content. he has to be very careful not to damage the fossil 60 dauphin, i'm excited, but really the one i thought it might be a feline pay that comes rid of off to cleaning it. i have to complete gums and say,

but teeth of a to 1000000 year old bee line credit to and again, terry and they don't, they are it's the breakthrough they were hoping for. disabled to tonga appeared about 3000000 years ago in africa, and died down to about 2000000 years ago. the last of the animal gums and the child's joel, but found in is in fact, from the transition period between australia, pentecost and human bond. the team has to day to day even more precisely the geologists get to walk again. they use a static mind from the phone. ok to measure the time. i want to like the less that i need to come by. so this is these to lag might from, from dry the cradle of humankind. this is the only one we know we're still in place

and it can be backdated. and these are the only several difficult. and they told me the static mindset foamed from drops, containing tiny amounts of uranium is the time the uranium tends to let. the ratio of the 2 elements reveals the age of this down. the static mind must be between 2 and 2300000 years. so the baton us under the static might, must be owned. this proves that the fossils from the thomas below the static might also molten 2000000 years old. the fact that indications that the child's jewel comes from the transition period from australia pickets to human animal control came office to come by say from dr. gives us exactly what we were missing. instruct fontaine,

are you the connecting piece between australia pit the coast and how many instruct fontaine these layers have been lost due to erosion in chrome drive? they are still there. here we can bring together the links between all the stories from the cradle of human kind, little songs investment, even if it's a spectacular discovery. the child of chrome dry is the oldest human child ever excavated. an examination of the lower joint discloses the age of the 1st humans. it also shows as well differentiate them from australia. pivot goes on to do you 202020 for sema, they'll please pause. we can count on the fingers of one hand, the number of funds we have from the period before 2 to 3000000 years ago. and never a child, no phone, buddy in chrome drive. we have this infant who is showing as what humans would like to me and use it goes, it could put it on your mail using the older name. so when i see uh send the

domain to the office up until the next user for me to come falling, we made a 3 d image from the data to compare the lower job of a 2 year old today with a chrome dry child and the tongue child dental phone to come. i see other comments been general from the iconic australia basic is child clinic. the tone child was discovered in 1924 in south africa at the time. it was the 1st and only australia pentecost. and they didn't generate much interest since it was thought the also most of the children did not provide much information. it's usually important that regard. however, as it helps to differentiate modern day humans from earlier general, the style of music is child in read, read chrome dry and blue to be true, and that's what it looks like today. we notice that you can send a few gland profession telling me, don't want to compare. you can get into about half of a job here. so you go to write the tongue child really has no chance. it's slanted

but no because i'm not receiving tend to whether you're being under the decline, the chrome dry child has quite a vertical profile. very different to this here. when you do this, i know some of us do. the chain does not receive as strongly as the tongue one member that long ago just to, to this synthesis area is also less broad. so the actual as with t and a and this the morphology of the 2 is one digit which deepest a lot from the straw. that if it goes, i feel like you've done the whole boat. we have a series of characteristics here that suggest it is closer to a modern day child then to in australia pace. it goes something planted when he changes everything. it's much more modern than we thought. you know, sort of sounds representative of the city on the opposite side of the criteria that defined what humans and now outdated, the young walking upright using tools, the large brain. let's see. now we know the, the start of the piece. it goes to also use tools and walked up right most likely to use it also to protect the lodge. bryan didn't develop until after the 1st

humans appeared as needed for music. not because often today, the belief is more that the criteria for the coming human have to do with development. see by all this in, you only depend with the false to love this insensitive, we are able to answer that for the 1st time. first through the be, well good point of point. my point was that gets to the paleo anthropologists realized that this find will revolutionize that research. the problem, try they hope to find out want originally made humans humans the while. the 3 d images of being analyzed to search for more information continues that the chrome dry signed. geology provides the researchers with new details. the cave filled up until the time has reached the ceiling. it's possible that

predators then moved in the fall souls from the thomas, but probably the prey and they tell us about the lives that the 1st humans, the scene on subject the need to many in years ago we were primarily savages, benefiting from others, leftovers. and it was at the same time when we what brian, it was easy to a to it and i didn't know. so it's exciting to find the remains of ancestors who would pray. it brings up and you questions around how we continue to develop from and change from enable me to find out more about the 1st humans, the researchers look the new phones a comparison. if the 3 jones of the australia pit the goods to chrome dry, child, and modern day humans alone is not enough to rewrite human history for comparison is also needed with the run trip us. another home and in gene is around for

post means alongside humans. it is considered close, relative, is around the same time as the homo genus. there is disagreement about whether it is and also the pet, because or descends from the 1st, the rand surpassed, was discovered in 1938 close to chrome dry. to the point of this month, 80 point you ball took so long as you feel the 1st humans and 1st representatives of the gene is a very different from one. another aspect of the parental both has to be kentucky. look facial features with an overdeveloped domestic atory up a rod as it was vegetarian and specialized in consuming hot plants. contrary to the 1st humans over by the 2 studies suggest that they ate both plans and meet christy pointing to mail it to the shop. so much made, in fact, that traces of it can be found as

a g o chemical signature inside the table in costs continue to hear from you can tell you all they don't see if one is you know, the break all wants to unravel the origin. so if human kind to do this, he would have to compare how human children and the rent for best children developed over 2000000 years ago. the problem is that no parental press child has yet been discovered. regard hopes to find one in chrome trying the he brings a specialist on board to find out when to dig and tell him b the lloyd. well use the latest technology to lead him to the right place. she can predict weather launches, number of fossils to be found. to my specific area. studies is

on the 3 the reconstruction of the site and understanding spatial patching. using 3 d does is tire rotation method. visa, actually the fossils whose coldness they've collected using that socialization and reggie has the bosses and in green you have the humans and in yellow we have kind of was. so what we found some uh, 3 d special analysis as that we actually have full main testers plus the one in to contain the most fossil. so this is the most dense region of the site actually ologies, very destructive process. and part of the discovery is destruction, but my focus within my ph. d is to ensure that we can actually preserve data in such a way that future generations can have an image of what it's looked like before. it

was removed compared to the fy 2 times, i think now there's a lot more knowledge and awareness of this and a lot more representation as well. so me, for example, being a black woman studying this. that's very rare. but we are pioneering and opening spaces for us to know our history and disseminate and as well regarding sweat, i'm going locates the highest probability of finding home and in the fall so searchable. so the, for the most of the false kiko, this looks like part of the task completely just integrated on presented the most would eat, walk you, go on field results. the ivory goes in all directions. a typical find that tells us

absolutely nothing for simple to take them all. you feel the center lead only shows is the inclination angle of the layout circles. n g come over here. well, i think we have an inside the here that's in the opposite direction to the layer with the parenthesis together. tony's if a false come so we, we like it is we get us that's clearly know to song debates. the hypothesis that we have another entrance into another source of materials here we go, can not hold this even older. yes. own that indicates a much longer more complex history. the elephant task is important talked or it's position at right angles to the author of fines reveals that it belongs to a different thomas, presumably from another opening in the k for the

this thomas is partially covered by the one that contains the 1st humans and parenthesis so it's folder, but how owned exactly. the excitement grows. so need, we change this layer is very risky and lose the other parts of binds. it don't need to know what they are. you have to take them out and put it together. but it's too hard for the tool will need other tools for that. and i'm finally home where you or the recovering the false soul from the solid ground takes time. but too much air exposure can damage the bones. to avoid this launch blocks at countertop and taken to the step fontaine, the bar and tray. the fossils are extracted,

the vista fontaine land belongs to the wrong clock, the discount for of little photo. he rarely opens his lab, but regardless find awakens his curiosity, the why is this piece corresponds to the rights of that space. and so it still needs some preparation. yeah. so it's dense, but wow, let's see, 0. this is all ready taking my interest. this

doesn't look like a parenthesis. yeah. and at the moment in the matrix that easy to talk about. so if you look at the p, if you look at the treatment center, doesn't look like you're going to. yeah. and also to 50 two's roof. the more i look to this, i feel is one of these for the 1st time now chrome dry. you have to know strong pivot go see. so i'm sure that i'm so pleased for you. not least, i'm pleased for the science because this is so much to know which of the way these home and it's we're developing and the different species that exist through to

anyone time. so world in the the last fall soul brings the real sensation from dry is the only site in the well, the present, the transition from ulster pits, it goes towards parenthesis and mind. these are the 3 crucial pieces of the puzzle to unravel the origin of human kind. citrus on a particular on the typically post. do i see this astrology? you think a specimen is very close to the fork in the family tree. all the may be one of the last before parentheses separated from humans. and what so interesting in from dr. is that in the la with this go, we found both the oldest parenthesis and the oldest humans. so it really records the moment when the transition happened to find in australia basic is that lived well before the split up for parents, for this loan officer,

that is quite interesting to mount pleasant. the most goals you have, the better. com. but i'm more interested in the blank page and the history books and the moments when the space is separate, those little models that sit on sacrament. berrydunn knows he's witnessing and historical moment. one that many of his colleagues will envy him full. so you'll have to be all set up. we're touching our emphasis here and they just send it on chrome dry is a time machine, the a spot where a guy is missing one a central element. what exactly was the difference between human and parents for post children 2000000 years ago? he's convinced that this is the key to understanding how humans came to be finding another parents or post baby towards the end of the dig seems online. click

will chrome drive or the ellipse la secret? after a look, i have the bottom teeth and other ro obtained let's see the progress of those into this i have the in sizes. got plenty of time for the 1st time. we're coming face to face with a peremptory post baby. hold on a shot closer the every time i'm here because i love to find either a human baby or a parental staples that i'm in on the, the ballpark point of the, the, you know, the corporate, the welcome little parental person. we got tons of controls will learn a lot from the time when we compare it to which human baby is joy. we also found that i'm gonna give you the basic joy is the

pinnacle of brick oswick. at last he can compare a run purpose baby with a human baby that he found at the beginning. the walk in the parental of his baby tell us about becoming human at his job is to then use the south african paleo anthropology is the 1st parental boost child's goal ever discovered worldwide. the i'm at no cost. what i usually supplement holtzie, i tell you, i'll do it. i don't using a particle accelerator, it's called a synchrotron. we are creating a 3 dimensional x ray image of the inside of the to keep us with the policy. she's on, be these all publishers. i mean, honestly, these 5 micro meters stick structures correspond to the enamel that is deposited in a baby in 24 hours depos hillman capital,

similar to the annual rings of the trees. this ticket, the deposit, the foster, the tooth has grown. a put you ballpark. we found that the to the small parenthesis gras significantly faster than the teeth of small human to the show us, you know, those, you shall see that you should, you guess you do call. we also so differences in g o. chemistry was a short, took the ratio of calcium isotopes and the human ad korean surface teeth gave us information about nutrition as the tooth formed on the order form. i sort of said this is important because the isotope ratio changes during the transition from lactation to solid food intake. us also need just to have to, we looked at the best on a little side scroller, decreased increase analysis to show that the parenthesis where we in the very early just a moment was that all did and this also can probably shortly or a few months of to but if it's, you know, humans, on the other hand, we're waiting too much late to not until about age 3. so,

so it is not because the only be demo this had implications for social life. since raising a child that was weighing too much later, required much more effort from the parents and the group. then the child waned earlier, smelled that i found you will be in the a car relation between the duration of childhood and social structure can already be observed in great takes a connection that may be transferable to the 1st humans. so between the 3 s started the behavior of different primates in the jungle and supports for gone in his analysis. so regardless of the legally yes. so the higher she'd go in those wings much earlier than chimpanzee no longer as long as the women metabolism focuses on brain development and cognitive skills on, do you have a key baker? this would never been in any capacity. could you say learn to will,

can climb later or the from showing oakland between white and he's also available. what type of duncan, the young chimpanzee clings to his mother's penny, and is completely dependent on her on the intercept for picture day of, of him on the community helps to defend the youngest son. he does have internet because usually a 100 and then go the switch so really is on the other hand, could become independent much any of them. chimpanzees say to within any pre pre country to what you might think. this shortens the learning period to nissan given useful busy pools in washington d. c. chimpanzees, starting to use tools during a longer learning phase. this takes time and this support is the big one. and that's one of the entity the cause of sale. the, when i watched him pansies,

i feel very close to them. why is that like part of my family? see if i could go to and if you imagine the 1st humans or how they lift together a noise that was like this, you've also some good sample. beverly, more like on the big difference with humans, is that the chimpanzees tools remain the same to this day. and i guess when they pass on the knowledge to the next generation as it pulled up at the moment, but there was no progress, no further development of a totally meant from community. and that's probably the difference which human of ethics are in. the culture grew steadily too high. we picked up the, the tools i've been to virginia has for wanted and i'm not sure so primitive humans, childhood was much longer than that of the parental. the, the analogy to today's great types allows conclusions to be drawn about how many organized society is 2000000 years ago. the 1st

groups of people seem to be united by one main go to protect that off spring. this makes the group vulnerable but apparently favors the policy on the knowledge corporate a guy and his colleagues. this is the long salt topped a key to being human. the least levels of home combines. i see there's plenty she did. you make a to that wouldn't be from dry is to prove that humans strategy was the best one. since the parents are both disappeared 1000000 years ago. and when the humans, on the other hand, have evolved in an original way compared to the stroller because it goes and parents are busy. i found the put, the human reproductive strategy means giving birth to off spring that need a lot of energy and attention to develop that brains. strategy prevails data such as you get it allowed us bases to calculate the entire planet academy and as

descendants of his bases that i am convinced not from already lived as we don't see on this specified t. v, at least as far as the relationship with the children was concerned. alter goals equal sound a little hoppel video, the whole are gone. spectacular find spring is close to to and sentence the fossil motors show that the secret of on species is the long lactation pairing. this evolutionary step is what made the unique development of humans possible the go the highest organic standards, and that's the here and the safety is training has gone in 5 hours agriculture. it gives them access to global organic export market. it's a pioneering project, but also combat climate change. eco africa in 30 minutes

on d. w is germany becoming irrelevant. doing business in the country has become more and more unattractive. due to cumbersome gerard procedure and high taxes, inflated energy costs and labor shortages are only making things worse. germany and beacon nomic powerhouse no more made in germany. on d w. what do you see? it really is possible to reverse agent researchers and scientists all over the world for you know, race against time. they are peers and right, this is darren go to health, smart nature, the more likes watching it on youtube. dw

documentary, the, this is the domain names, live from berlin. germany unveils its 1st ever national security strategy that outlined the government for and, and defense policy, and also how germany sees itself in the world. we look at what it could mean for its allies. also coming up on the show we're live.