just genius is big and small experts and parents arts unveiled in 60 minutes on p w. the would be there's to us that's why we listen to their stories. reporter every weekend on dw, the life is filled with danger, and that's why we protect ourselves where we can we install antivirus software on our computers and on systems and homes to prevent break ins. and if there's a fire, we called emergency services and outflow diesel to protect themselves from infection. the means system is a complex network of organs,

cells and messenger substances. how it works, coming up on in good shape the . the skin is the immune systems, 1st line of defense. it protects the body from external passages. it stick it in some places and then all those gone off one sort of how, how much is our dead skin cells that form a physical barrier against invading organisms. feet that's totally not on the mouth or the eyes that would cloud your vision and stop you being able to taste involve smells making. so what we have there are mucous membrane. there is spirit tree and urinary tract also have mucous membranes. the mucus lia helps expel pathogens to slime. hard to think simians,

or the mucous membranes are composed of cells that form a physical barrier. and so these are washed with a lot of saliva and other fluids by these have many components. and then that haven't antiviral or anti bacterial effect on tv of odd would onto back to the field. the intestine is to be immune systems, grand central station. northern how far immune cells are locations in the intestinal world. this is when most defense reactions against pathogens take place as well as the immune system in the god. there is of course the micro biome, all of the microbes that are found there. because this is, they are habitat. other bacteria can easily establish themselves their, their fault office. there is no room for the i'm full time slots when the bone marrow is also positive gaming system.

it's located inside the boons. this is where most immune cells are produced. they perform various tasks. the external mock, the bone marrow, basically provides the so precursors the which mature in the fight against invaders and then produce antibodies listening ones on, on to crop up here. the time is a small gland under the breastbone, a specialized organ that acts as a kind of school for special white blood cells called t cells. white blood cells travel from the bone marrow to the timeless and mature that contents, or for this simulation by yourself. cool is quite yes, correct tool. in 1st grade, the teacher teaches the t cell students what they need to respond to was still they again as of in my enhanced and they have to do it properly. when customers deal, if they don't, they'll be kicked out of the classes. choices must defeat functions. i'll send them

to sell school. getting kicked out means dian north and then not teach size food amongst t cells. learn to distinguish the bodies own cells from foreign invaders full and to jens officer. they've been trained. somebody used to kill us cells against pathogens to destroy them. the spleen is also a key part of the immune system. it's still of defense, self the release whenever the needed and also felt as the blood going down was $150.00. maybe basically you can think of this plane is a big blood c. as of the blood is filtered through it, and there are also macrophages in the margins, which we call scavenger cells in the i to t saying they fish out old t cells, old blood cells and pathogens, and then dispose of them done. and so on. the immune system has a huge off and all of health as that destroyed pathogens to keep us healthy, often without us even noticing. but sometimes you most definitely do

notice your body aches school for it depends on your temperature rises, your immune system is working over time. if your body temperature associate degrees celsius or higher, you officially have a c that it's on pleasant. no questions. but does it actually so the purpose of fever can really not queue out. it's a sign that the body is defending itself against an invader. it's turned up the temperature and is using it as a weapon. because many viruses and bacteria sensitive to heat. they multiply best temperatures around 37 degrees celsius. if the environment grows hossa and use a fever, proteins and some pathogen start to d nature and clump. this prevents them from proliferating and they die off. a fever shows the body is doing its job.

sites have an important task and the defense against disease causing mike crowds. these defense cells detect and size invaders, such as viruses, little bacteria. to do so, they migrate to the site of infection and attacks of pathogens that 3, the can accelerate this process. this is because the body release is heat. shield proteins. tell the boosting the lymphocytes, making them more efficient and best able to find viruses. you can't really say that a fever is always helpful or harmful, whether it's necessary to lower a fever also depends mainly on the patient. the bus for students fever can be dangerous for a certain age groups for very young patients. for example, infants under the age of one and also for elderly patients, people over 75. so age is

a factor and the other factor is existing conditions. if someone has a medical condition, then a high temperature has to be taken seriously. told most of the process is in our body what best of the temperature of 37 degrees. if the body is significantly hosta for an extended period of time, it can be dangerous. a fever or 40 degrees on low can lead to serious complications, even in otherwise healthy people. so much but so much man, i can cause severe dehydration and accelerated heart dropping blood pressure. but if this happens, then you definitely need to reduce the fever was but there's no general rules about when to reduce a fever. what studies do show is that reducing one doesn't to affect the duration of an illness p, right? so let's see here. fever is basically the body sounding in alarm and saying, i have a problem, leave me alone. i have to sorted out and tackled the root of the problem. and the

body requires strength to do that. if you reduce the fever and carry on and exert yourself as usual, you can end up making the illness worse than it needs to be at least a 5. what is important is to drink plenty of fluids to every degree higher than the normal body temperature. you should drink an extra liter. so if you have a temperature of $39.00 degrees celsius, you should drink about 5 inches of water per day in total. alternatively, medications can help reduce the temperature for several hours. you can also reduce body temperature with a cough compress, wrapping a cloth soaked in vinegar water around the cops for a few minutes. however, i think the effect will last for a whole day. it has to be repeated a few times. this patient's temperature is back to normal. the west is of

to work at its best. your immune system needs a range of different. my coordinated chance never is rich and victim of a which is needed for the production of new cells in the mucus membranes. so interest the intestines and respiratory tract. oh, well um sweet potatoes contained pro vision in a which the body covers individual in a, in the intestines. so an alternative for vegetarians, shellfish have a loss of think essential for the production of various defend itself. studies show that a good supply of st protects children in particular from severe diarrhea. light gains such as beans, chick peas and lentils also keep the body well supplied with think it's more easily observed when they're soaked, often mental. but some foods can make the immune system over react and that can be life threatening. it looks so harmless,

but for about one percent of the population coming into even the slightest contact with the fragment of t not can be fatal. as i know it should be, as i always say, that a severe reaction to a pain us is like an accident where the tanka binding can with children be i always start to close out pretty quickly. they get a tightness and a chest that makes it hard to breed. it can happen in a matter of minutes. as luca knows all too well, he and his family had no idea. he had a peanut allergy, but then 3 years ago, his little sister accidentally knocked over a bowl of peanuts on new year's eve. then lucas started helping to pick him up kindly time, barely. 3 minutes later he came to me in the kitchen with his lips swelling up like crazy. and i knew something was wrong. i'm personally skills love this. there's

been a fun evening until that happened. but then it suddenly got very serious. this don't make no mistake. lucas body had reacted to proteins contained in the peanut. he was about to go into an electric shock and had to be rushed to the hospital. a severe allergic reaction to peanuts happens when peanut particles enter the body, either because they're eaten and hailed. rarely even just come into contact with the skin. the fragments are misinterpreted as an enemy by special anti bodies. these then binds to the peanut allergens. as a result, the mass cells activate and d granulated releasing huge amounts of the neurotransmitter histamine. the histamine dilates the blood vessels, blood pressure drops, blood stops flowing at a brisk rate. vital oregon such as the heart, lungs and brain are no longer supplied with oxygen. there's a risk of cardiovascular failure. since the new year's eve incident, luca always carries an emergency,

get complete with an adrenalin pen. of the accidental li comes into contact with peanuts. he could save his life. and not even the volume. a gentleman dilates the airways, which means that the patient can breathe again, and it constricts the dilated blood vessels. this raises blood pressure and boost circulation. lucas peanut allergy was a blow for him and his family, the fear that he would suffer. another severe reaction was ever present. even tiny choices of peanuts compose a risk to allergy sufferers. but now lucca no longer has to worry. he's one of 30 children who took part in trials of a new oral immune therapeutics, the desensitize them to feed that allergens. this involved eating a sort of flower containing peanut proteins every day. over a period of 6 months, the dosage was slowly increased from $1.00 to $300.00 milligrams. the equivalent of

a single pane of the screen. i'm sure that you've clearly started quite well and it was, i didn't have too much trouble. it didn't really taste like not enough, but then when it got to about 80 milligrams, it got worse. so i only ask 6, mean he comes with central guns and this is fixed and i had stomach pains and some other problems i don't understand and i was close to dropping out. but in the end i decided to continue the therapy. so i don't have to worry about peanut trace is all the time of the time. he can now tolerate around $300.00 milligrams of the peanut flower that's a whole peanut to maintain the effect, so he has to regularly consume this dose. now luca can even enjoy his favorite chocolate biscuits again, without having to worry. he'd avoided them for 3 years because they might contain traces of peanuts. sometimes the immune system attacks the body's own

healthy tissue. this is called an auto immune disease. lucas, for example, it can lead to changes in the skin and information in the joints and organs. popstars, selena gomez, has lupus needed a kidney transplant. soon as seo has scars on his face, as a result of the condition tracing, it can be very challenging to tell which he is visiting this clinic in southern germany for a follow up examination. she has to have a complete check out every 4 months. back in 2016 when she was 16 to tell contract that the severe auto immune disease systemic lupus arithmetic uses or s l e, and athletic teenager. at 1st, she mistook the symptoms for sore muscles to collect the joint pain didn't get any better, it got worse. and then in december i developed extreme fatigue. i got more and more tired. with lupus be immune system begins finding the body's own cells and attacks

internal organs. none of the attempts to treat to tell this condition were successful in early 2021. all the treatment options had been exhausted. when the have you at that point i just had to cry. the disease wasn't getting any better. it was getting less. all i could do was lie down at home. i was in pain, i had breathing difficulties. hot palpitations. i wondered if i was going to die because that just wasn't to kill, could hire big doctors from the mentality and immunology departments at the university hospital long and for already researching a treatment for lupus patients employing t cells from the patient that are genetically engineered in the lab, at that point the cell therapy had only been used in cancer treatment. it was offered to to tell as a last resort was to get him to and he said to, i have to admit, quite honestly i is very worried that it might not work at all because we had no

experience and no one had done it before us and there was also the risk that it might make things worse. the, those kinds of lights are going for, for the month. this is how the therapy works. t cells are isolated from the patient's blood and fitted with what's called a symmetric androgen receptor or car. it enables these modified t cells to recognize and destroy misdirected cells. in march 2021 to tell became the world's 1st patient treated with s l e car t cells. since then, her condition has improved in domestic during this semester break. i had a vacation job and they told me that that it was actually a man's job. my parents thought that was great because it was the 1st sign for them that i was healthy again, because we always just give them the 5 more patients with life threatening lupus has since been successfully treated with experimental car t cell therapy. the next step is a clinical trial with more subjects. it could mark a milestone and treatment of auto immune diseases. in the

mean system include cells that are highly specialized in fighting off home for organisms. for example, macrophages, which are effectively the bodies garbage collective. they destroy, invite is an infected cell. then there are plasma cells, a group of white blood cells that produce antibodies which flag pathogens for destruction. the new system also contains organ spotswood, costs to keep you healthy. when it comes to the organs as a definite hierarchy, the top dogs, such as the hawked brain and lungs, are considered vital while others be said jobs as soon as they cause problems. these under dogs include a screen, the appendix, and the tongue. we have 6 of them,

the 2 palatine tonsils on the left and right sides at the back. the true so clearly visible the lingle tonsils, the hidden behind the tongue. the add a noise is located behind the nasal cavity, and the tubal tonsils are the opening of the station tube, which connects the entrance to the tonsils, a pos of the lim fasick system, which extends throughout the entire body. it transports fluid out of the tissues, fills out harmful substances and pathogens, and returns the purified fluid to the bloodstream. when the immune system has to fight bacteria and viruses, the lymph nodes become key battlefields, white blood cells and antibodies can lexia and try to render the pathogens homeless and space causes phillips notes to swell with the palatine tonsils. in particular, this swelling can cause problems such as difficulty swallowing and breathing

chronic inflammation of the tonsils can lead to inflammation in the right to the body. the simple solution is to get rid of them. once that surgically removed the patient's no longer have swallowing and breathing difficulties is kind of surgery is going to being performed in india as early as 3000 years ago. it's downside is that the immune system then has to code without per ton. that usually works just fine, but studies show that tonsil removal can lead to know antibody production. that's why i don't to, is often recommend hoshal removal of the ton size. this eliminates the obstruction in the upper airway while allowing the tonsils to continue to do that job. hot time is it well for the immune system. the exercise connecting means system function best, for instance, because it increases the body circulation of live fluid, housing. it flush out toxins and bacteria so can sleep,

not getting enough can make you sick if the body is facing an infection, it needs even more than usual. and this social media trend is also supposed to support the immune system. but it does it really outside temperature, just above freezing water temperature, 8 degrees celsius? no matter how truly it is la shawna and her friend could take regular dips, their iron rooms. they never jump in but lower themselves and quickly without hesitating. how does it feel? yes, bracing. oh said good. at very low temperatures like today the to keep their dip short submerging themselves for about

a minute. that it's time to get out. you have to visit your body stops to tingle. it makes you feel very alive and will not, again, feels really good then. and it's important to get dressed again, fast in something warm layer on the ever goes in. once she 1st began cold water swimming during locked down in the 1st cold winter and stuck with it. so it's huffmans me up. so even if i've been sitting in a draft or it's cold and i'm not dressed very warmly, i don't get a cold right away. but somehow it gives me an in the strings this one in an unfinished, daft leah's goal is therefore to help boost her immune system. that does the cold water really strengthen it? the sports medicine specialist, again stating,

has treated german olympic athletes. he often prescribes cold water therapy for his patients and is convinced it has positive effects can to often come also blow cold influences the body because it has various physiological effects on the muscles. it causes validated constriction blood flow to the muscles, changes the speed of neural transmission, changes and pain sensitivity with it. yeah. so cold water can trigger a range of reactions in the immune system with the changes in the messenger substances. inter lloyd can and gamma interferon have been documented. so immune system cells benefit, you know, the vault colinson's scientific study shows that regularly applying jets of cold water to the upper body boost the immune system. afterward, study participants have more immune cells in their blood than before. cold showers also appear to have a positive effect on the immune system. as part of

a study by dodge researchers involving 3000 subjects, some of the participants took a cold shower for 30 to 90 seconds every day. the comparison group took warm showers the result among cold showers later, a cases of illness were around 30 percent lower. if you want to try out the benefits of cold water for yourself, you can do it in your own bathroom health coach. the modem on collect shows how filled the bast help with cold water. so it's about knee deep and then walk up and down on the spot the most as i can push through it for about 30 seconds to a minute. i mean, depending on how comfortable you on your name is if you tend to feel the cold and the will say is really freezing, then keep it short, not as cool. but if you're more used to cold water, you can keep it going

a bit longer. that's where you all do it for as long as you feel comfortable this for sure. for long. let us once you finished, just to wipe the water off the legs so as to make the most of evaporative cooling. you can also try plunging your arms in cold water in the sink or in a basin splashing cold water on the face also has many benefits. cold water does appear to boost the immune system. but so far not many studies have been done to scientifically support the claim. personal china, tim has an exercise this week and a boost in game me in system. make sure you do it at the right speed, not to foster. i'm not to say i'm your assistant

benefits and know mostly from physical activity. that's why or less than the exercise we are doing now is called bo peace. it challenges your body, your whole endurance impacts have as many, many models at the same time. let me show you how step one, place your feet more than hip, why the parts step to do this quote in place of the hands of phone you for feet. step 3, walk backwards to extend your hips. keep it straight back. if we can do a step forward to a push up or hold this blank position, step 5, get to the next year, feeds back to what's your hint until your end is what? position? and this then up stride is step 6. and now i bit foster the

once out of the hold back straight, the co most us all activated and your hands flat on the floor and you figure those but the okay, do this exercise for minimum 5 racks is a short break after that and repeat this cycle for 3 rounds. give it a go and see you again next week for a new addition of in good shape by it's the

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