dumpling, you don't call the the nato. so i'm as in romeo as it was off to a rocky start, it's key. the not hired it's disappointment at the lines of failure to draw a real roadmap toward ukraine's accession. but on the 2nd day of the seas seemed a lot calmer as assurances of future membership and security guarantees from g. 7 nations managed to relieve some of ukraine's frustration or at least president zalinski is urged to express it publicly. i mean, yesterday, an angry outburst on twitter, some british and american officials, demand more gratitude for the assistance already offered to ukraine. and after securing long term commitments of support the landscape did conclude. the summit was, after all, a success for ukraine called for the chamberlain, and this is the day the

decisions made to mark the beginning of a new chapter for presidents. lensky has expressed his gratitude from what we've done on a number of occasions. the outcome of the need assignments in business either were most needed and meaningful. successful you freight, i know presidents lensky expressed disappointment with the wording i would've liked to push things further. and i understand that i understand the frustration. i mean ukraine wants to live in peace like we are living in peace today. we meet us. i look forward to the day. we meet us allies also on the day in geological, in terms of we have only lived on earth for a blink of an eye, but scientists now say we have left and then dable mark initiating what they call

the age of human a century ago. it was very much felt that the humans are really had negligible impact on, on nature. nature was so big. no, actually humans are a major article falls and anything to be the sick and the most significant deductible cost on the planet. welcome to the sale. it was clear already before the nato summit and villainy is that the door was not open. so you craned enjoying the lines any time soon, but at least it's clear now what ukraine can expect as the us and its allies unveiled and new security assurance is designed to bolster ukraine against russia. ukraine is disappointed it's aspirations of made. a membership is off the car as for now, but presidents lensky, welcome to what he called, a meaningful success and a significant victory for ukraine. but as the war continues in ukraine, the shape of the future remains quite. i'm certain,

and that's where he was president. find stoughton laying out his vision for the future. the price of freedom is not the work of a day or a year. it's the calling of our lifetime. of all time. we're still free to struggle ahead. our unity will not fall over. i promise you the world today at the moment of war apparel and the competition and i certainly i also see a moment of fun for us. the opportunity and present an opportunity opportunity to make real strides for the world of greater peace and greater prosperity, liberty and dignity. equal justice under the law. human rights and fundamental freedoms which are the blessing of birthright, of all humanity. that that is where all the united states is working towards. this one only reach if we do it together. i mean, together,

we need to take the same skirt of unity, common preference determination that we have demonstrated in our response to russian regression ukraine, and bring more partners along. as we continue working to build the world, we want to live in and the world we want for our children. for on last week and i'll speak to r f l boss on from the german institute of international and security affairs. welcome. what's your biggest take away from fight and speech today? well, i think the speech wasn't, i was just to round off like to sort of reassure people and as you already sort of shown the main messages, of course we don't waiver so well. we'll see what happens in 24 when the next american elections are about. as long as he's in charge, america stays the course, and i think that's the main method. ukraine has not been offered membership and it's widely believed that the us as well as germany, are the major players standing in the way of that, but they're also ukraine's biggest providers of age. so what's the logic behind

this? well, the official argument is that, um, well, the aid is what matters now. i mean, the offensive is going on right now, and everybody agrees that ukraine conjoined while the war is going on. so drawing that war to most successful conclusion was possible. that's the priority. now, um, so that's the official line, of course behind that, um, well the west is ultimately we to calling the shots that we don't want to kind of pull germany out of the line of critique or responsibility. but really, ultimately it's up to the west to side to say when and how they're ready to take up this credible commitment for actually really standing up ultimately also with this nuclear arsenal for the defense ukraine. so that something i can understand has not taken lightly while other minute 38 is flowing in. mm hm. so is it fair to say that, that the national interest of the united states and germany online in this case,

or is the motivation of different one, the line? i mean, every country has obviously a different perspective. and i think the american decision, while taking form for the far and obviously having a different relationship to russia than germany is in the way ultimately more weighty and sort of important and to. but yes, i mean, i don't think that germany, of course has a very important voice here by choice has been saying for months and months and to the exit to the, you know, an annoying many people that is all in conjunction with other allies and following and i think in this case also the us wasn't too unhappy that they had one becker and i don't. everybody would point at the west saying they're dragging their feet now that you bring up, chancellor shaw says listen to some of what he said today. yeah, i was able to push those tickets for us because we have tell you couldn't very good decisions regarding ukraine. i did not forget the phone and the documents that native has agreed on here that can be seen in various aspects and stuff. as i

understand, we could talk fast, we did unanimously. secondly, ukrainian president price the overall decisions taken here today. because i'm gonna try to get a good tough involved on taxes off companies. also quite key to the question of nathan membership. the zip fargo will not be an issue, it's that is subject to negotiation for those to and then so who i'm not too hot. so if there's partnership, she a tire, these are popular. russia will not take part in these negotiations. i think that's fairly clear. obviously a all right, so let's unpack this because there is a lot to unpack, isn't it a little disingenuous of him to say that ukraine left the summit, half the one just a day ago. um, this man will let him use the landscape, was venting on twitter is saying that it's observed how nato is behaving. well, i mean, this is diplomacy. i mean, we also know that the ukraine government and polanski are well getting results by being pushy, but then there was a bit of a push back just the last day and day and

a half. and now they obviously all sides will signal and we're, we're on the same page off the wall. and so this is not a series of risk that we're seeing here. but of course yes, ukraine would have been happier if they're happy, makia time table. and some more like really bold steps then that we'll see now. but at the same time, of course, and this was expected of his commitment by the g 7 is significant. and hopefully, this broad outline and the problems of bi lateral, more concrete commitments will be flushed out in the coming days. and then let's look at what is that about russia that russia is not part of the negotiation of whether or not ukraine can join nato, but is in the reality that the fact that ukraine cannot join nato very much depends on what russia is doing right now. yeah, and i mean, the whole war, at least in russian arguments, is that, well, we started this because we didn't want your crane to join. exactly. and ukraine was

already in line in 2008 and wasn't joined in because of russian. well, red lines that supposedly so of course russia is part of the equation. um i think what will can interpret a lot of this kind of statement. but the critical question is, and there has been suspicion that there were in the us and also germany were more hesitant because they wanted to keep this as a bargaining chip. once there was a cease fire. and, and this is signaling. well, no, we don't think about this in these terms where this will actually hold off, of course, especially when it comes to it less than saying um, but this is the soft text here. what do you make of the official messaging and the interpretation that this might be a bargaining chip. and ukraine is, of course, not happy about the position in the pines itself. and that's what both of lensky said. something else saying it's key or no territory is up for being traded by. we don't know, is that true or is it was prevented from ukrainian but basically saying if there's one village was one person living in it,

we're not ready to trade it for anything. and so i think this was the counter picture messiah to say, we're, of course, the principal be open to negotiation, but we are not ready to be sold out in terms of the territory. he didn't speak explicitly about nato, a little sab, ukraine's future is a nato. so as also statement is not something too likely, but the pacing and the speed. yes, that is up for negotiation and are thinking that sounds well, yes, russia remains a part of the equation to be fair. let's talk about the temperature here in germany . how much longer can germany keep up and support for ukraine when maybe the war is seen as more the stabilizing elements than the threat posed by russia to germany directly? well, i think the public support is still pretty strong. i mean, they, of course, always the competing demands public spending, etc, etc. but this really a worry that really public support would crumble that that will be winter of

discontent, etc, etc. this is really off the table and i think in that sense we can really count in germany staying the course. but there is, of course, always disagreement among various politicians and parties on how much and how fast . and many people would have taken a bold step and shows as his usual self trying to be the cause. i'm in control, but you know, being a bit more cautious type. but i think overall this is pretty clear. and the bigger question really is ultimately, hopefully the us will stay on course next year. and i think there are good reasons to think so. there are also many republicans who want to stay the course. but yes, this is really the big factor, will the next us presidential election be just a bump in the road or will this read it for everything? and the question again. me right now as far as i'm from the german institute of international and security affairs. thank you so much for your time. as trensler schultz mentioned ukrainian president will let him or zalinski has

welcome to the decision taken of the nato summit. he struck a very different tone on wednesday, only and day after slamming nato's decision. not to offer membership to ukraine as absurd. the outcome of dance made assignments and videos either were much needed and meaningful success for your brain. and i'm grateful tool leaders and need to congress were very practical. and i'm presenting data supports, considering the keys while were release of support for ukraine. today, there are security and guarantees for ukraine on the way to nato and important package of security guard. and for the inquiry in perspective, we can bring in your training and paint cara rude. a. c advocates for you, chris, integration into the, your opinion, and nato. welcome to the show. me sort of the nato summit is over. now, how optimistic are you about a brain will really eventually become a nato member. after all that, we've heard in the past 2 days. hello,

thank you so much for having me. the pleasure of being on the program. while the, you know, there is one thing that we definitely learned over the last 16 months. we learned to hear the word know too many of our asks and instructions. and we learned to push through that last year around this time we were hearing so many knows about ukraine getting the candidacy to european union. and we were pushing for that. that'll be heard. so many knows about getting the times the miss. how's the petro of michelle's um, and right now we've heard so many knows about getting decide through jet that we need badly. but all in all, we know that if we work hard and proceed enough people in the things that we really need and that we believe that we can get the results. so this needs to sound like it was very good for ukraine. what is the tomato members are serious about

offerings, ukraine membership. we see that one day it will happen. and for us, it's enough to move forward with the achieving this result. you see the 2nd behind me, the nato flag, you flag and my part in cyber few crane and it actually not because i want this. and because. 6 it is reading in ukrainian constitution. the, our past is to you and they told it there's a desire to bring in people that we as leaders, as for the patients are executing long. and we know that this is our design path. and if you look back to when the war began, when russia attack, that's in 2014 the objective because we were very clear about this past to you and to nathan, not to rush right. and this is why we will be pushing toward it for as long as it takes and no matter how hard it would be, because we know i would go and we know that it is possible. at least what we've

heard from these 2 days of need to somebody. nobody said it was impossible. we were talking about political agreements about the timelines. and for us it would be enough. as i said, we already learned how to push through the task was nose. and one of the confirmation of that was that there was a non splendid ukrainian pilots wouldn't be training in different countries. and if you look back in even 2 months ago, it was a really impossible in the every but literally everybody was telling us know about that. yeah, look at it right now. and the face of, of the push to turn these nose into yes is, is president zelinski. yesterday, he seemed quite frustrated. but today we saw him roll back. thank a, the allies, after saying that what he was seeing there, the attitude nato was showing, was observed. so was this in response to us and u. k. officials saying you frame so be more grateful for the avis receiving as well

. you see, we are always grateful. and i don't think that there is any speech of all the leaders would be that would be missing a huge, huge task to everybody who supports us. we are very clear and we are living proof that you can only fight an enemy that is a much larger and stronger than you when you are not fighting alone. and we clearly understand that. however, there is a huge difference because all the need to leaders that were present at the summit, they are going home to the peaceful countries and prisons and ask you going back home, we are all every night we are attacked by the russian miss house. and we do not know we are going to wake up in the morning. and this is why, of course, he's a frustrated when is it goals that we uh, who did you see in front of us that we are not a shooting them this time. but again, we are grateful and again,

we know that one day we will get them. there are speculations about nato saving up ukraine succession as a kind of bargaining chip and possible negotiations with russia. do you think that this is what's happening right now? or i, seeing that russia is looking at every hesitance as a weakness. that is absolutely true. and we know that and presidents lensky was very open about that, that every time they see an opportunity to at facility for themselves, they will use it. and they will, they will use it in their propaganda. what's a rush of think right now that it is an opening for, for them to go? she ation of them. absolutely, yes. and it is our goal to assure the world and the sure our lives that there are no negotiations, no negotiations, no bargaining for one particular reason. for 3, i'm not trading, i would people and our territories, but there is a bigger one. as of right now,

9 years into the war and 16 months into full scale invasion, there is another person or an organization who can assure that will keep his part of the deal. he's part of the barking. and until there is a mechanism or a way to make sure the trash or would not attack us again, there are no even discussion of the potential negotiations. right. that was kara herd x rays are ukraine in m p. thank you so much for your time. so, thank you. the watering humans have walked the earth for about 300000 years and especially in the past 6000 years, we have left our mark. now, a group of scientists claims of identifying the place which best illustrates the stabilizing effect. humans have had on our planet, and they say research app assigned to allows them to pinpoint the 1950s as the time when a new geological time period began the answer processing. the answer was seen working

group investigated layers of settlement at the bottom of crawford, lake and canada. if any of those settlements show evidence of a sudden and a reversible shift and conditions on earth, evidence of human involvement include the presence of fly ash from the combustion of fossil fuels, asset rain, and radioactive fallout from nuclear bomb test. and we can now speak to francis mccarthy. she's a micro paleontologist and member of the answer for seen working group. miss mccarthy, welcome to the w. now and tell us, what did you find in crawford lake that allows you to pinpoint the beginning of the intricacy as well. we found in properly what we actually found in the other 11 sites that the same working group was studying to see if there is evidence of a mass shift in the earth system in the mid 20th century. so crawford really is

just the best example of those changes. but all the 12 sites that we studied around the world from the antarctic ice sheet to a p 5 in cs go in, poland to rockford way, all of these different sites, record massive changes in atmosphere composition, increasing pollutants associated primarily with burning of fossil fuels that very, very high, one of these fossil fuels, the rapid increase in industrial output during and after the 2nd world war and the increase in global population of human. so all of these things, as you say, as you said in your introduction, there have been modern humans for 300000 years. error culture, you know, for, you know, more than 6000 years cetera. but what happened in all of that

time is that humans impact their local environment. but by that middle 20th century, by around 1950, the entire planet, the planetary system shifted, it reached a tipping point and it completely changed in its its essence so that we suggest that it should no longer be referred to as the hall of seeing the period we're living in b, b a. the if i were living in, it shouldn't be called the answering machine. and this is why is there and why is there a need to know the find a new epoch? a? pardon me. why is there an need to define a new chapter in our history? so they need it is because if we don't recognize that the earth behaves differently,

then it using for 11700 years of the policy and it behaved one way. so we can make decisions about what to do in the future. if we understand the mc that we're dealing with. if the earth no longer behaves that way, if since the mid 20th century, the rules have changed them making decisions on the basis of that longer annual or if history is not valid, it's not the best way to make the decision. so i've used the analogy a few times. so when you, when you raise a child and that child reaches me, there are teenage years, adolescence, they're different, they're the same person, but they behave differently. you can't treat them the same way that you use to you can't expect the same kind of feedback that you use to get. so if you don't realize that it's different that they're teenagers and not silver, and then you're not dealing with them appropriately. and. and so to give the birth

the age of the, you know, the same as far as opposed to refer him, it just thinking it's business as usual. it's a way to actually accept the reality and deal with things effectively the reverse will change dramatically. it has caused to the plan and when we're talking about acid rain here about pollution, about autonomy phones, is it all bad? that is it all that is it's, it's different than it used to be. that's the key thing um it's uh, on balance, not good because those humans that you referred to having, you know, evolve, you know, 300000 years lived in the world. that is, you know, one way. now having to exist in a world that is different, that poses challenges. so having the pollutants in the air and causes more

respiratory elements. you know, having more greenhouse gases. me have this fear, leads to climate extremes that are very difficult to cope with. the resulting routes in floods. they cause busy a logical stress on humans. we can't exist. i think it's 46 degrees celsius beyond which are, you know, our bodies can no longer tolerate. so, so yeah, for humans, i think it is important to recognize that the accumulation, the accumulation of all of those small factors has led to a planet that long term. if we keep not addressing the issue by not facing up to the fact that it's a different world, then for humans it may not be a comfortable planet for other animals. plants,

other entities very well. most of the problem to refine on has been a fully rigorous way. there are many things that might prefer a warmer, you know, world than when we have now. humans. that is a grim outlook for humanity that we got from microphone intelligence for mc mccarthy. thank you so much for your time. ok, bye. and that is our time, but make sure to stay informed. stay engaged and stay in touch. you'll find our team on twitter our handle there is asked either way, news, or you can follow me directly. even find me under nicole 20 for now though, from all of us at the day. thank you for spending part of your day with us and we'll be here tomorrow by the

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