or character because of her courage and how she thinks most rain. so today wise mother annoyed for nearly 4 decades. she's for peace for me, for brace of freedoms in your home, then they run in spite of felt very comfortable to trifles. our children should not inherit science from us the an income if you look into the nice just the stats july 29th on d. w. and vision, which is smell. did you remember from childhood days? the smell of grass? no, not carrots. my mom is around most okay, who is vince? i smell when you opened the window on a summer morning after it's been raining of good things to the swimming pool, swimming pools and the smell of chlorine phone crew,

a smell of bug food and venice. but allison, i like the air in the mountains with the moisture troubles now quite take a little too much and how do you feel any smell that it feels like home? what did you know about the link between smell and memory? find out why we so send a mental and other secrets of the brain now on tomorrow to day. very symbol of love, a nice smell wonderful. on that frequency can also help you learn new vocabulary. according to a gen and research team, the scent of roses helps the brain retain information and vice us that we know that send to play is a very special role in learning. so we, but you know, it's been dates will come when we learn vocabulary or anything. we learn it in a specific context. one is keep flipping smells, something that you often smelled in your childhood. you're immediately transported

back to it and the contents of what fits to get into a level to investigate exactly how sense influence on the brain. newman biologist, you can call my on his team, conducted an experiment. for a 165 test subjects were given envelopes and how to study japanese vocabulary for 3 days. cause the study participants had a sent it on the field with dried rose petals. the control group unscented on the loops filled with plain scraps of paper. those who was surrounded by just send a rose as did best to in the vocabulary test. remember, and on average 8 and a half percent more of a cabinet rate. the team observed that the center proved especially effective when the autism and spot and the time pressure sites when there's not much time or there's just a lot to learn. there's sent appears to act like a kind of brain booster helping it retain as much as possible this month to move on to some of the study participants were exposed to the rose center,

not only while they studied, but also while they slept. the research is wanted to know if this would help the brain's store move the new information on the so i'd be interested in question is, what are the criteria for our brains to decide what goes into the long term memory and what doesn't. and beyond that, can external factors influence this decision making process for an hour. and that's where center comes into play when i come to to fix it. that's because sense could influence the brain while we're sleep or learning specifically to shape a compass, which mediates between short and long term memory proceedings. miles is directly connected to the compass. information of sold the same time, 10 inches long term memory more deeply. at least not the theories and sleeve also

plays a crucial role experiments and a slightly lower tray have shown that during the deep sleep phase, the brain reorganizes that these parts of what it is learned and decides which information is moved into the long term memory. sense effectively re activates what was done during the day when these in down when what was learned is reactivated in the brain. the proper ability increases that people be consolidated. it can only be in what exactly happens in the brain during this process remains a mystery. but brain scans show that smells, can activate the compass even in deep sleep. if the brain has already associated information with a sense during the day, the sent alone can help it to store it at night. one possible explanation, the same nerve cells activated that we're already finding when the person was awake . in order for the sense to help with learning, it has to be used in an actual test. for example, of

a category test. this helps the brain access to what it is, then at least for a few days. but the scent of roses doesn't protect against the getting. the effect doesn't appear to be long term. however, it definitely can help with short term vocabulary learning. but why roses? it's actually quite random. it was the frequency used in the 1st study on the topic . latest studies also use road cent, so that the results could be easily compact. this up. that's why we and many other colleagues use rows, fragrance because of the original study uses rose fragrance of a, but i'm firmly convinced that other fragments is also work. but that has to be shown, of course in further studies. so it's possible that lavender, both interest, for example, can also help consolidate learning at least initial time. reset just as still

figuring out how the brain stores information in memory and processes it at night button. and then the next time someone gives you roses, they can also help you vocabulary learning skills. our brains also help us feel emotions. the bose, which is a viewer from bosnia and herzegovina with a truly timeless question on this subject. the word is love. it's a sensation that puts up bodies interest stations. imagine, see, similar to when danger lose, the brains go into overdrive sending out. so like hotel is different, new or transmit is that stimulates all senses and ignite a firework, of intense feelings. in the 1st phase of falling in love, a blog is flooded with a gentleman. that's the same hormone that's triggered by exploration of stress and

gives you buffer flies and you'll stomach it causes ops, you polls to die late. the body is push on or not causing blood pressure and pulse to rise. meanwhile, oxy towson helps with funding and developing trust oxy. towson is often dep cuddle hormone, as it's produced through physical contact, documented serotonin. notice the happy hormones are, of course, also positive. being in love, but in the early phase, also turn in levels of fluctuate. for example, when intoxicating happiness tends to desperate loaning, when was separated from the one we love, the studies of brain waves show that being in love especially activates the areas of the brain that are responsible for sexual. just so can we

conclude that this homeland comp sale was only created by nature to ensure that we focus on one partner during reproduction in time of bodies getting used to the high level doses of home at the end after 2 to 3 years at the latest the immediate thrill of infatuation is that we do commit to long term partnerships and are keen to help each other out. that's because with social creatures who derive satisfaction from supposing each other's researches have identified specific parts of the brain that enable us to feel empathy. i found 20 years yesterday bridge monday. unfortunately, i been strictly schematic because my research has shown that we are all

fundamentally empathetic people very much so in youth, as it said soon when ever the situation. and we simply feel what other people feel attached to the old i basically to our western world, we tend to see each other very much as individuals. but what my research has shown is how strongly were shaped by the people around us. and even though it's a one say home, just young kinds of is a new role scientist. a lot of his research has focused on how well brains empathize with other people to go his research with quite a presumptive experiment. first thought into for us to undergo an m r i scan. so that's things you want to understand how our brains enable us to empathize with other people's feelings. countries we needed to be able to trigger certain emotions during scanning for whole sometimes this high speed review,

most of them. so we had to find a stimulus that could evoke powerful emotions and come when i'm going to reach out to be a good form. and one way we found that doing that was the place in a seizure mask on the test person, and then introduced various smells through the mask during the scan. and i'm thinking most trigo chain reaction in our brains that were mostly unaware of within many seconds we register whether this money is pleasant or not. and we respond accordingly also with a physical reaction. if the smell is repulsive, we automatically put a fake, some want to leave stomach contract running stream cases. we might even throw out it was these kind of repulsive smells. christian kinases tested. i'm the one smell that works really well. is you teoric acid? is it really smells like butter that's gone,

really rancid. couple of nice. in the next run, the test participants just stole videos of people looking disgusted without smelling anything for themselves. the facility, what's shown here is what happens when the test participants smells something unpleasant themselves for get kicked up the so called incident or is accurate, which we know is involved in processing smiles. where it gets interesting is when we look and see what happens when the touch of the candidates, just see other people responding to bad smells, given days to two's guns on top of each other using white show what they call relate and come on even q, you can see how a part of their own experience have discussed was reactivated activity. it said then they in see they really feel their stomach contracting. for example, somebody speak them i can says,

or they sense the unpleasant tastes or smells and it gets smack out. well that go sure, and since the knowing how bad we feel when we're in pain, we have an automatic edge to help the brain rewards us for that. when we do something good, it releases the whole names. they lower our stress levels and strengthen mean systems that even affects some dna dining down so called risk genes, which would otherwise promote inflammation or chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancer or dimension. so choices of remaining healthy increase or but some people don't seem to have any sense of entity. so there's little christian kinds of studies this going to want to understand what happens and what goes wrong

. in these cases, we worked with a number of psycho pads from high security jails and also because of the investigator job. and what we observed is that when the psychopaths watched others suffering pain, the area of the brain involved and feeling pain was hardly activated at all. on the tune for an ice tips or so at 1st we thought ok, maybe you cycle paths do the terrible things they do because they just can feel pain in printing time. but psych of us are often very good me placing people to do that. they actually have to be able to empathize quite well. so the research has told them to actually imagine themselves in the place of the victim. he was currently experiencing pain. suddenly the brains responded, just like those of the healthy test participants. that they tend to be a good man. the thing, the one of us that made us realize that the problem is not that psycho pads,

so we're unable to emphasize. it's just that they don't empathize spontaneously. they only do it when they want to know done mid to finish and material volume. another surprising findings, we can old regulate on level of empathy according to the response to meet it. hello, did you burn yourself? depending on the situation on the, on your thumb. hopefully that's going to include that christy on causes is now studying whether it's possible to help people with mental disorders become more empathetic. t already succeeded in doing the opposite in another study setting that entity can be suppressed. besides, we will find the experiment was actually quite simple and we showed each candidate a person being slapped on the hand on them. and then we gave them 6 euros each and said they could choose what to do with it. they could keep the 6 zeros, but then this poor person would have to be slapped again just as hard and with what

does or they could give some of it away. right? every year they gave away the slap would be 110th less painful. because from that test, on the 1st go, they found the heart of the slump, the more money the candidates gave away. once, once it's gone, then we measured how that behavior changed. when i use the magnetic stimulus to disrupt the activity in the so matters sensory quartets and teeth ends and lots of things organize can call, takes it touch through it. that's the part of the brain that receives pain, even when just watching it being inflicted on audits. the temporary disruption to this function meant the candidates response no longer depended on the strength of the something. they couldn't differentiate the pain anymore. so several parts of the brain, the networks have to work together in order for us to be suitably empathetic, being empathetic, his own natural state. when we use that to help others,

if you're feeling better, ask you to them, getting them. empathy can actually make us happy and content which could help us to keep healthy. myself. in may 2023. this story gone at global interest, a paralyzed man walking again. thanks to electronic brain implants, these devices, we quote his brain signals and send the data to a possible computer. that data is been transmitted to another implant in his spinal cord, which poses only instructions the simple daily task of going to the market to get for st. with something that gets you on really messed the 40 year old with less paralyzed officer an accident 12 years ago. now he can once again enjoy this simple pleasure. the dutchman is the 1st person to receive a new type of double implant. that creates

a direct new or electrical link between the brain and the spinal cord via a wireless digital interface. doubt to young can control his paralyzed legs with his intentions. it's cool, it was the 1st time i bought something in the market while walking. so the right spirit doubt, john comfortable perfectly that he can do things that were until recently impossible for him. with a working age he can stand, woke, and even climb stairs through training. his movements are improving from day to day . listen, your scientists of being are searching the technology for many years now in a fast version. that was just an implant in the spinal cord. the come ons to walk came via a tablet. now this and by the brain to our processing unit, and the movements a mo, natural socratic with the preprogrammed stimulation walking, was much more robotic,

not very fluid. now though, because the brain directly controls the stimulation, we have a very smooth coordinated gate escape and we'll send updates in this with paraplegic center, the research is being followed with great interest. it's not yet secure, but it's the best possible technical solution says the head physician. these issue, those of phoebe's is concepts. the concept within this development is fantastic to close time. so i believe it's the future, at least until we have a therapy with which we can heal spinal cord injuries, island can assist you. it's definitely new and exciting and will trigger a great amount of emotions amongst our patients. so houses and by use i'm putting in this new concept, harold's a new era in the treatment of maybe 2 deficits in the future. similar technology will likely be able to restore the function of the ohms and hands as well.

brain implants can also use the symptoms of parkinson's. the treatment can reduce, trim is and muscle rigidity using electrical stimulation. many patients who suffer from the disease have benefits and jim sidle is conscious during the operation to implant electrodes into his brain. the surgeon needs him to respond and speak desirable was diagnosed with parkinson's in his mid forties. despite heavy medication, his tremors won't go away. he's hoping deep brain stimulation will help the citizens. we can see the tremors very clearly. now we're going to stimulate individual contacts. the day before the procedure due, you went down for a walk. he's not scared. he just longs for the tremors to stop. you can see how much i'm trembling to that i'm not shivering due to the cold. it's the tremor hunter, my handwriting is affected. i also leisure activities going out to eat with my wife

. some people just see me for the 1st time. think i can count up to 3. they talk down to me. so 1st the skype and parkinson's forced him to cut down his working hours. he can't go on business trips, let alone run them, our phone, and the drugs that are intended to boost doping mean levels in his brain affect his mood. i want my life that due to being ins, university hospital, they have long experience with deep brain stimulation. this brain piece baker can be adjusted as the illness gets more severe or symptoms change to be able to respond quickly. they have recently begun to use a smart watch to measure tremors, agility and sleeping patterns by his sensors. on the inside of the high can see your hand is moving about and also your arm a little bit. the vehicle does um those movements are now being recorded and stored

its like a long term monitoring fee and he's on long testimony. totally. numerous parking. some sufferers have already under gotten this procedure world wide. it almost doesn't draw any blood. tiny holes have to be drilled into this go for the electrode implants from there on it's a highly delicate operation. planned with c t images during the operation measurements are taken to gauge whether the electrodes are in the right place. we're going to check the shows in the region step by step 10, up to flip the switch. they have to be implanted several centimeters deep into the brain. tim's idle has to continue to raises on the system because of the tremor is also being measured via the motion sensors on your arm and the watch which we fitted yesterday with the well, if it gets done on the block column after 4 hours,

the electrodes are finally, in place, no tim side will can finally sleep. under general anesthetic, they connect together the cables under his skin and implants, the brain pace maker below his collarbone. deep brain stimulation is becoming increasingly sophisticated. growing knowledge about individual areas of the brain means more precision. as part of an international study, they are now testing how closely they can monitor a patient's condition by collecting data via smartwatch. we definitely have technology now gives us access to a constant stream of information. from what we know about daytime fluctuations. we know whether things are better or worse mornings or afternoons. we know whether a patient would benefit from an adjustment in the made to long term suspicion from an annoying i understood them for the treatment is working for. tim is idle. he is back in the hospital 8 weeks later,

for minor tweaks. neurologist daniel vice switches off the brain piece. baker 1st to see how bad the symptoms are without any correction. yes, your right hand is an out trembling a lot more to uncontrollably. uncontrollably. hold you on like that. again, my leg is starting now. one thing i'll switch the stimulate around again. and the tremor disappears with the flick of a switch. it takes you a 2nd for when you switch it on or off the effect just immediate on like tablets that can take a long time. upside. i'm really pleased. it's worked for me to have something to jim sidle jim right meekly again. he can easily eat and work in the garden with his wife the others, because i don't have to take care of my parking suits anymore. and i can look after myself and plan and didn't join my leisure time. and i can do my chose again. i can

also use a chain, sorry to cut down a branch off this, but i prefer to do it by hand. but i enjoy the fact that i can team is wife or even planning a trip on attend alberto. but the procedure doesn't work as well for everyone. deep brain stimulation can also cause side effects, just like medication symptoms can persist or return, but the 2 of them just want to look ahead. let's go back on quality of life. we still have plans ahead of us and he's so young and so he would have been a shame if he hadn't done it a shot events, enough misconduct, it to another huge benefit. he doesn't have to go to the hospital as much anymore. his brain pacemaker can be adjusted remotely. how have you been likely? uh, i've had to take much less medication. the tremor is really diminished. the negative on the doctors can access is implanted pacemaker from the hospital. of

course data security has to be very tied. a customer, that's what we get slightly increase the stimulation level today, and that's kind of i can do this right now. fire remote control. yes. let's try some money stuff. that's mostly that. okay, then i'll do it. you won't notice much, but i have switched it from 2 to 2 point one. do you feel? all right? yeah, yes. i think it's working. electrical impulses relayed via remote control just a few years ago that would have been science fiction. today. it's reality. this technology is improved and teams, idols, quality of life, along with it. let us read. why do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we onto it on the show, we'll send you a little surprised as a thank you. come on,

just task the. that's all so this edition of tomorrow today, which was all about the break. we'll be back next week with most of the stories. see you then, and stay curious by the

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