that you're all up to date. stay with us. we have a documentary film coming up next, looking at the electric car industry and it's dependence on cobalt. i'm hot of him . thanks for watching. take care of the for nearly 4 decades. she has thoughts peacefully for race of freedoms in the wrong nursing suit today. ready children should not inherit science from an engine that can look into how nice the 3 dots july 29th on w the the

thousands of people in the democratic republic of congo, d, r c, supplying materials from global resolution within mining t, as in high demand around the world cobalt industrial countries urgently need

the manual to make that change the house of all the electric vehicles and the race to slow climate change. cobalt has become key to the transition away from fossil fuels, who's paying the price, the economy because of the need, a new era, dw reno, bmw, volvo, all the big names. the conversion lift plates to electric, environmental concerns, a driving transition consumer on commercial internal combustion vehicles produced

about a quote for greenhouse gas emissions in your other fox fog hopkins, oma hines, come up volkswagen. and as did 1200000000 euros in the side of the it's dedicated especially to the 6th grade cars we started making here when i was supposed to be, everything was adapted and now we're 100 percent electric house. we billed 100 percent electric cars here electro show and devote i know puts i'd like to shout to see the sourcing and 20 says you find the jew intends to prohibit the sale of new cost with internal combustion engines. the far reaching decision impacts the whole production chain. if you want to achieve the climate neutrality in uh 30 years, if you need to use all the technologies which are available, we are now on disputed number one. if it comes to investment into the, about 30 seconds or so, we are super hot zone for the investment until they're about to release it to me. so it's got into the head 1st. 70 projects on going be, be,

have more than $120000000.00 units of investment over the last 3 years, which is 3 and a half times more of then, uh, the amount of invested in china in the same sector. and so that's we are going to create a lot of just jobs and as i said, it's completely new investing most electric car batteries. and you are the based on nicole manganese, cobalt o n m c technology, which allows them to travel around 400 kilometers off to one charge. the batteries contain lithium and about 10 kilograms cobalt. if you look at the average high, high capacity of battery, so the sort of thing used in tesla or volkswagen id 3. most of it is nickel nicko is what gives the battery is extremely high range cable. it's effectively the

safety mechanism. so you put a little bit of cable in you about tray, and that means that you would have about 35, and fuel cells or will remain stable under extreme duress. or the vast majority of cable comes from the democratic republic of congo. and that's essentially because there isn't really anywhere else in the world which has the same grades. so mineralogy for cable has become good. it's really, there isn't really any of the country and the wells which contains house the same quite a see if the pulses, quality of reserves. and it's almost like the sound to your radius of cables. the congo has been blessed or cursed,

depending on how one looks at it with extraordinary geological, mineral wells, the and it's always been strategic whether it was in the 19th century robber or the middle of the 20th century uranium. or more recently. the question of strategic critical minerals for the agenda that the international community has adopted the consensus that we need to move to carbon neutral, the emissions and the world requires electric vehicles. it requires renewable energy, all of which require strategic minerals coming out of the congo. first and foremost, one could say, might be, would be called on. coal lazy is the cobalt capital of the world. way here in the

house with a call to build an industrial region location, the southern part of the sea and neighboring sand. beyond a century of mining shapes, the landscape the, the seas. because copper and co bolts is a notation from the provinces of lava and applicants. hung up the phone, corporations are exploring the cement swell of the 19 copico, both mines in the region 15 owned by the chinese. they share the business with the swiss glencoe group which operates to the roles most productive months. and you ration resources good cable. ready is transported normally by truck down to south africa as loaded on ships and um and, and then it ships from the oven uh to china for is processed into box or chemicals

um and from there ends up in the water supply chain right now. ready the global demand for k both is in the region of 840000 tons 150, maybe. um, but were expecting that to rise to 250 in the next 5 years. and there's a lot of new demand which is going to come on to the market, and we'll, we're going to need to find supply for a ton of cobalt constituent and $70000.00 us dollars on the market. the mineral, which often occurs together with casa, has an live and mining corporation, since the battery market exploded to news to the they are making more and more profits. while residents in the mining regions leave them less than $2.00 a day, maybe would be less. okay. what about us, the, the people who live in the area around the minds of it. so you've seen what co ways

it looks like the fact that there are no schools like these hospitals or streets and there's other people who don't have access to drinking water. the guy likes that little, even those who do have water can drink it a little because it's contaminated with acid amendment land that you the natural waterways that were in a few of the villages have already been poisoned. don't like disney, disney mining is tending to make the people poor still. instead of bringing better living conditions, that may be way you can do something different. it will be less. i'm on my somebody to come. paula is a lawyer and a human rights activist. he's investigating the impact of the battery markets. the local population loss is only the consequences are already apparent at the facilities of the chinese congress company. single means and let's go to well and do you see those trucks over there dumping at waste in? that's what i called overburden or tailings from the mines in the mountains of it had been built out where there weren't any 5 years ago. they bought it,

but not us is all systems that during the dry season, the dust drips down onto the fields. here we think would be the government and got it in a new lead and applied to so to then there's a thick layer of dust on the plants around us. is that that was, it was, yeah, that's it. that's why people are growing hardly anything at all. here is google bicyclist as well because of that, does that comes from the tailings pounds over there? the of the, the, the home, the controller. yeah. yeah. because of the test, but also because of the water quality and the river in front of us. you know, you know, yeah, like i do, it's kind of what it was a little too many water in there, basins overflows and the acid in its splinters or feels you're welcome to send me over. how old is the money up here. and if i'm on, let me know for the 3 years, 3 years, almost nothing's on it to come on my own. could you dig out a route? thank you. i hear you. yes, that's quite small. the was after 3 years it'd be much bigger. someone,

what do you live on when the money across his port? shit. so i got to pick the money. okay. he said the minute i'm selling him on the market in order to get money to buy food and give me the issue is to stick with me know about this problem. i know you're welcome. yeah, to begin with. they supplied us with drinking water like that silver. perhaps they don't. it's not so bad if they die. when i'm gonna, i wouldn't mind one from sick. i mean, she has to be in chicago and have a look at how we live here. i see one of them through what i see the doctor tries to the governments to are citizens, doctor, we got a when i new and you know me when i come here regularly, when you say our work isn't progressing, i assume when i get are made up in douglas, but since we took over your case, luckily we haven't given up got to go back up on the web ice when your representatives come to quote ways when they see that we're putting pressure on the authorities id my we my c, we've just taken up the case again,

lose young. you called me now with an advisor to the governor. you know, but i mean, i see thanks for your attention, but then that will stay in contact with your community leader. to buy got, you know, split doesn't yet go mazda, so soon as she lives, when a mine is opened, is passport is the people lose their farm land we, the village is get poison, come on to the and the residents have to give up their traditional way of life lose junkie early on, but as bush and the dish nobody goes into the bush anymore together, caterpillars and insects because there aren't any there who doesn't. does any of these yet? you won't be. yeah, no one fishes in the river anymore. and so i'm going that because there's no more fish. when the water flows through the mining area has little got him on the spot has been out of yes, this is not the points because there has to be clear policy guidance, money that mine operators provide compensation for consequences like this. not exactly like the streaming and related issues but vision, but as i said it is this,

the congo least government to staying out of it. complete like to live on through peace and the mining companies and the end users of the cobalt are ignoring the problem, shown the industrial mines and you would not uh end up like a tank produced 80 percent of companies, cobalt. the remaining 20 percent comes from all chase and will mining. beneath the orange tops prospect, his work and shots deep below the surface, the dealer is. one of them is also one of a 150000 people who stream dean from across the country. driven by prophecy, they're hoping to get a piece of the pie, the vehicle thinking that i came the seller nice and can shop, so was hard. i lost my job and they fired me up with to my family said you can't go

on like this. i know without word why and i couldn't pay the rent, could i sell it? we'll see if i'm using a key, as i said, go to cold ways. it might be that there's cobalt there and you can earn a living was $82.00. so i came here and became a global prospector. i think they have, i've never done it before. they put in me a flat slip, they may have one and i have, these are the, it was in a while to do something to

watch the news about the, the way, the why you know, what is the of these are, these are what's not. this is mining with your hand, but you go down the shaft, break up the stone with a crowbar and still the sags, and then the carriers go down and bring the sacks out. i'll just go by says i'm like so all you cool that this was the one that used to the dig up and still the sacks. then we've done our jobs because the carriers carry it out, pulling one bag after the other to the surface of mobile mobile by like some of the women then wash the or in the leg i. e. we pay the women and the carriers and sell the or at the warehouse upgrade to the an amazing entity. a month i was scared to

death the 1st time. when i got down there i started to shake all the others life. i think, i mean, i'm a big they laughed at me because i was shaking so much that you know, my baby was sick and i, you know, i'm lay the root i'm, they believe that i was shaking with fear, but there was no going back. even though i'm a man, after all, i must go down there. well, no matter if i was afraid. so new, not many clues on prospectus, acute demand slides for drown. one who wants to mine to thousands of families rely more living with governments and industry allowed them to mind from their own land . the government has been trying to reconnect the seasonal mining sick just for 20 years. the law says those involved must have joined the cooperative. but in reality, if the structure is a very high,

rocky for simple workers have no shares in their minds nor say in the reformation. autism mining is a really important thing to track because it's probably the only source of swing supply in the global market is the only source of cable supply which can go up or down depending on prices. the vast majority of cable lines today is either a byproduct of copper or byproducts of nickel. and if you own a, must've caught the cable mind, for example. um, the vast majority of your money is made on the call. so if the price of cable somebody shoots up, you're not going to increase your. ready production rate, because you, you can't run the valve cover is great, the price of cable is going up and it increases your, your cable value,

but you're not going to increase supply to meet that additional. the monkey costs because it's a byproducts. um the one accepts the more or less is autism. oh minus that's the real cobalt. that's the yield for my mind. shall we take out $350.00 sacks and a full day of work on something. consequently, 350. yes. if the scale is calibrated correctly, a sack weighs 20 kilo little legal issue, not a chinese manipulate their scale to cheat c. so it turns out to be only 10, but normally if they want it and then the other one must have vancouver metrics in again, let's get over. can do problem with this and then the measuring device might not work. then they give you a different cobalt content for the same product. i know, but we're forced to deal with the chinese and they cheat when it comes to the

cobalt content of the order. but we have to sell to that, but we're not my personal bundle. and that they come here and serve themselves who they exploit us and leave on slow anywhere card. and there are nothing your neighbors little settings, and they've been able repository. so the, so both mine is primarily sells it onto chinese entrepreneurs who are pushing into the congo oscar and initial processing stage. they expose the middleton farm foundries on the bus or here, but really be near the body shop in the

boom. it is, i knew it was done and again, he said it's a big gotcha. i'm ready to go. pick up the machines. i wonder why it wouldn't be the big. i don't know who it was. that was the who the concept sends it after the

took out their money when i pay for and then i hit the rock until it breaks, then i know consigned. is there a traces of black? i know that it's got cables and that's maybe that will end up in an e cause smoke. so what are the, this is my 1st trip to co lazy. what struck me most was just how the whole city was built around the mining industry around and on top of these, these minerals. and just this very, very, very strong feeling that these people,

the people living they should be benefiting from this extraordinary wealth. which is generating prosperity, the chinese companies, european companies, american companies, but they're suffering, they're not the ones benefiting from this. you know, this particular came home and in some parts of the city where homes as a being demolished, to make waves kicks the expansion of industrial mines. it comes home in the parts of the city where people are digging down into the basements of the houses around the ground to access the cables. it's extremely dysfunctional. i'm a senior nationalist, had a program on corporate accountability and the role that companies play in human rights abuses around the world for about 15 years now. and we've, we had done previous projects in the d. c. looking at the mining industry but, but primarily focused on the, the big industrial mines you know,

during reading about those things, some basic research about this revealed to me you know, obviously it's not a secret for anyone in the d. c. but the, the autism mining sector was becoming increasingly large, particularly when it came to cobalt the chris, the diggers who are risking their lives in the health to take this, this, this mccloud, they're also not receiving probably very few receiving a set price for that labor. they're being exploited financially. we found the children, the youngest 7 rate, but also involved in this, in this industry. no family wants that children to work low child low, 7 year old wants to be spending old a on entering. gonna entering illegally into the compound and spend whole day picking up stones from the ground at risk of being beaten pulled. roped that one

wants to do that the doing that because the forced by the circumstances the does. that's how they they, that's how that they're able to afford, you know, small amount. the,

the main point is that the report with it as much as 20 percent of the total was coming from autism minds in the d o. c. we wanted to know where this cable went, who was buying this, which companies which tech companies. you're the mobile phone manufacturers, the laptop manufacturers. we're using this cable in the batteries and what would they doing to, to understand the supply chain and understand these conditions. the response we got, so this report drawing the links to, you know, from child labor, autism mining the cable industry linking these mines to these famous brands, had a massive the media pick up much more than we are expecting . no company, car manufacturer or other in

a consumer of call them wants to be labeled as benefiting from child labor. it's terrible publicity. it hurts, share value. if it is wrong and consumers don't like it. so it's, it's bad for business even if you are ethically after feed and don't care on the other. if you're only self interested, you should still be against it because it's, it's bad for business. i remember when of the wealth really stuff and paying attention to autism, no binding. it was in 2016 with the publication of the amnesty reports and we had clients who would get in touch with us and we would, they would say we weren't known the all see cable. so you but i want to. so was any of our cable from the d. c. child labor isn't the comic because only problem

to transition to electric vehicles or a v says make them aware of how dependent they are on calculus, cobalt and on the batteries that are manufactured primarily in asia. that's why the you approved to major actually development project in 2017 if you want to make sure that you're a vill also in the future, produce the best but also the sub time, most sustainable car. so you cannot simply do it. if you import the battery from somebody else without, that's a traceability, valid suspecting, going to be standards because they're making sure that the carbon footprint, this is the lowest possible. and therefore we start to do the p n battiata i as and therefore we are doing this. i would say, uh fantastic, catching up with china. so it was a bit of a late start because we didn't to simply in the car industry perceived to city 40 years ago that so i like to mobility will be here. so, so now, but it's

a totally different story right now. this is actually not only good for europe and good for texting, the climate change, but there are very clear benefits for that, for the local communities and the for them of new jobs. new investments are possibilities and clear commitment to us that everything has to be done. 100 percent of just 10 percent of the wills batteries are produced in europe in order to gain ground by 2035. the you wants to build around 13 gigs of factories and make the course of the global supply on it's time. several heck to is the 1st of all very being sacrificed for the new industry and sweden. the swedish company, most volts, has built the 1st enormous battery factory in europe, squaring off against ation manufacturers. north. what was founded almost 5 years ago by peter costs and the swedish guy,

and then publish it with the italian guy. they found each other working for, for tesla, be in european, both of them. they then obviously start to look towards europe, which is a part of the world where we have 20 something 1000000 vehicles produced every year . we have 1314000000 people work in this industry. and if you believe the hypothesis that all of these cars that we produce are going to go over electric, not having batteries produced that scale, it's always going to be a critical thing for you. and that was sort of the premise for the idea on of north of came about. so they move back to you and the started northwest that was a made towards late 2016. as a company we brought in more than $6500000000.00 sort of investment. we've been fortunate to have a lot of the, the well established car manufacturers on board from an early stage b, m. w was perhaps the 1st one in 2018 volkswagen. it's a big both customer and investor in north pole than most recently we announced

a joint venture together with all the cars with them to build and all the one of these giga factories in order to have independent rule materials for the new factory factories. you this operation and number of mining projects resists of cobalt would be an identified in sweden no way and finland the there are now 2 nichol cobalt mines operation that and 7 moment being developed. finland has dozens of deposit, so critical minerals and his open g lodge areas to mining the we have just started mind davil, oakland, pro se is in the summer. that area has been thoroughly investigated by a former states company. and then another company after that seems

early ninety's. so there's a lot of material that has been drilled from that area. and we have also done some drilling. it's promising at this moment, the power in depth as a foot do like to discuss profitable minus the international energy association estimates that we need about 20 times more coal, both to the world markets that we have no, no seen live, cannot and will not provide. that's all we can provide some, some of that spot, but it's very important for the, for example, that com manufacturer to have possibilities. the traceability

is going to be the c, r p, m, and sir, to the chinese china dominated production. what comes to coal about finland is the only e u member that has deposits of all the minerals needed so that trees 300 kilometers from the arctic circle. the company total salma has reactivated the mine in salt connell. it was closed in 2012 off the top since leaked the surrounding waterways and lakes. a total salma is run by the finished government entrusting good on a rule materials trading company that has been convicted of environmental crimes in africa. facilities supplies brenda with nickel, fruits, east many people in europe, the opposite of the wrong view on the mining activities. people still say uh,

i mean the minus with the headlights on, on the, on the physical kind of working risk of working. but of course, the modern minding is, is, this is not the big to want to be proud of us here. in, instead of home, it is the bucket of chemicals. so it's a nick, us out, a foot and coal, both sulfate that feel free to use from the role but the rest of the mine, our cells. so we have a mining violated thing. and then we, we purchased for the end of the but that it coming cost me for luca, cobalt of the production capacity. so 7400 tons of other critical boss. i'll fight again for both of the application and which is roughly for $300000.00. and that's a goal where he goes, but on the contract with the dental. so it covers almost one 3rd of our production capacity. but the, well this the,

the main thing and from our perspective is that the doctor now we join to be 3 and all of building a supply chain from all the way from mining activities to pathetic a cost. cut that, not that a us, but there is sales to that was a car manufacturing. it does these sustainable on the so, so we have a, a of course being in, in europe and you and you're going to be have of course, a lot of forklift stuff about the environment the mother saw in, in, in taken care. you know, a couple of minor human rights labor rights in a good order. according to the e. u commission by 20 says either should be at least 30 media electric vehicles on europe's roads. yet to reach disco, 1010 or farm of factors would be needed to supply the cobalt alone. i think the

boom and exploration in europe is suddenly a reflection of the high prices that we have now. they all going to run into the issues of the call to see if there is this, you know, i've seen, i've seen mining projects which of those days about having point 08 percent cables in the old grade in the congo. some cable results can be as high as like 3 or 4 percent kribble, you know, for autism will sources certainly in the congo. so some offers no minus slice of such high cable that you can sort of pick up a real can. it has sort of a slight blue green tint, and you can tell us things like 10 percent cable. you're not going to get anywhere in your was it's high operation costs low yields. you will never be a cobalt el dorado. but it could scroll big, in another case sector recycling. within a decade, 10 percent of all the world's coal, both could be recycled. the belgian company you me cool is

a leader in this market. it says that in the future it will be able to recycle nearly a 100 percent of the coal, both from batteries. we started with, the best for you recycling was recycling of mobile phone batteries. but knowing that electric vehicles would be just a matter of time, because indeed, the circularity, the compliment, the complementarity of mining, on the one hand, which you still need today. but it would be ways to not recycle of products like a coal both and be less dependent on the on lightning for example. yeah, it will reflect thing is a huge, huge the important market to investigate for about your muscles. because uh, because the ends the steve as flexible, it becomes a huge source of supply within your demand for within your supply full cost, especially in the long time us when we bills $10.00. ready 20 year full costs,

the cables and nickel and vacuum, it becomes extremely important to understand the circularity of the supply chains. firstly, because, obviously it's a huge amount of material that's going to be coming back into the supply chain. but secondly, because it changes where the supply comes from. starting in 2035, the batteries of easy sold. volkswagen has a very uprising, a recycling facility for future jobs of european battery production vehicle in france. and most bolt in sweden have already taken that into consideration. if they do to factories the strong materials that we need for battery metals, they are recyclable by nature and you can recycle them over and over again. so it's really about mining the ones and then using them forever. and, and that is the fundamental difference in this change here. and obviously, given at the speed we're rolling this market. currently we're just going to take

a few decades. it's going to take a while to get to a point where you have a set market, you know, one car in one car out type of market. but once you get there, you could always be out of very circular feed for all materials. so in 10 years, for example, the 1st generation of electric vehicles in europe comes of the comes of the rows and if one stuffs, scrapping them and buying new vehicles that cable, those batteries will be recycled in europe and they'll be fed into the european supply chain which means the over time, because of that dislike thing, leap come countries and, and regions will have a reduced dependence on african minerals. when the m, as 2 reports of 2016, the mining industry was forced to make its supply chains were transparent. and then in 2019

d. c t port to get to the most important companies that are formed in coal lazy. the aim was to support them in tracing cobalt. how the magic woods due diligence. we represent the largest companies in the world that have a common vision to ensure that the minerals and metals sourcing and responsible and contributes positively, the social and economic development. due diligence is a process where by companies are supposed to map the supply chains or other business relationships and operations and identify in what ways those business relationships or supply chains might be linked to human rights abuses. and if that means, okay,

all the way to the point of a extraction, then so be it. and the fact that we and others have exposed, you know, range of human rights abuses out the mind means that they absolutely should go back and, and understand that risk. the due diligence also involves mitigating those risks. so it's not just a question of understanding what's going on, but will submit to mitigating them because it's a means to an end and the end is preventing human rights abuses. many manufacturers commission to service provide to all c global to discover the conditions under which the cobalt was being mined. the company monitors industrial mines and just trying to integrate the hot seasonal mines in to, to, to just programs for decades. that's been a lot of conversations there on how to improve it as a mining not much has actually been achieved in that regard right now, in reality, the child's name is not the only risk. like i said,

the most prevalent risk on as i'm science. i so on it isn't on it's most got mining sides by 5 is working conditions. at the moment we had 8 cooled s m science. that is the target to scale to 12, and by the end of next year, you're absolutely right to say that it is an every assessment is most of the mindset, of course, in the con, um, the reason for that is that you have around about 2 minutes has a minus in the country. if i look at the overall program in the d. c, that's around about city $3000.00 minus that i asked me on the, on the monitoring from, uh, you know, the, it's a bit of money program. if you take all the minors from all the different mindsets and the conservation, right, you drive incremental improvement, you cannot in any way improve every single sites at the same speed at the same time as in the past, the emphasis continues to be on child labor and with good reason,

there was still thousands of children working in the small mines in the law, but if many in g o say that as a result of the other problems which cannot be solved with due diligence. well, i forced resettlement without appropriate compensation. environmental pollution and corruption are pushed into the background. meanwhile, millions of these continue to drive on our streets, powered by co home from the combo and the room. every day. the

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the global economy dw business b on. here's a closer look at the project. we're mission. to analyze the flight for market dominance. this is west of the head with dw business be on the side. it says to bangladesh, it goes hitting the country with featured guessing push fast even from their own families. i can be this weekend on how to use it

a lot more. now i will ask you on the, on the, on the slicing social moons seeking your self determined life. let's go from drudgery and abuse stuff oldest on the w the . this is dw news, and these are our top stories. russia has code i to video allowing ukraine to exploit grain from its black see ports the u. n. and turkey. broker degree ment was established last year to help ease a global food crisis.