just prime minister, the court will rule and allegations to be violated. the election law, the conservative establishment has been trying to block the appointment of thailand's 1st performance prime minister in years of next we've got a documentary film for you looking at why cobalt mining is one of the darker sides of the world's efforts to fight climate change. thanks for the finale for decades, she has thoughts peacefully for a race of freedoms in the wrong nursing suit today. ready children should not inherit science from an age, and we can look into how nice the 3 dots, july 29th and d w. the

the thousands of people in the democratic republic of congo d r c, supplying materials from global resolution within mining t, as in high demand around the world, cobalt industrial countries urgently need the medical to make that change. the house of all the electric vehicles

and the race to slow climate change. cobalt has become key to the transition away from fossil fuels. who's paying the price the economy because of the need. a new era, dw reno, bmw, volvo, all the big names, the conversion lift gates to electric, environmental concerns, a driving transition consumer on commercial internal combustion vehicles produced about a quote for greenhouse gas emissions in your other fox fog,

hopkinsville map items come up volkswagen, and as did 1200000000 euros in the side of the kids dedicated, especially to the 6th grade cars we started making here, one of those to be everything was adapted and now we're 100 percent electric house . we billed 100 percent electric cars here electricity. i want to about, i know puts an electrician out to see the sourcing and 20 says you find the jew intends to prohibit the sale of new cost with internal combustion engines. the far reaching decision impacts the whole production chain. if you want to achieve the climbing utility in 30 years, if you need to use all the technologies which are available, we are now on dispute. the number one, if it comes to investment into the, about 30 seconds or so, we are super hot zone for the investment until they're about to reduce it to me. so it's got into the head 1st 70 projects on going be, be, have more than $120000000.00 units of investment over the last 3 years,

which is 3 and a half times more than the amount of invested in china in the same sector. and so that's we are going to create a lot of just jobs and as i said, it's completely new investor. most electric call batteries in here. so based on the cold, manganese cobalt o n m c technology, which allows them to travel around 400 kilometers off to one charge. the batteries contain lithium and about 10 kilograms cobalt. if you look at the average high, high capacity of battery, so the sort of thing used in tesla or volkswagen id 3. most of it is nickel nicko is what gives the battery. it's extremely high range cable. it's effectively the safety mechanism. so you put a little bit of cable annual battery and that means that you would have about

$35.00 and fuel cells or we. ready remain stable under extreme duress. the vast majority of cable comes from the democratic republic of congo. and that's essentially because there isn't really anywhere else in the world which has the same grade. so mineralogy for cable, as the congress is really, there isn't really any other country in the wells which contains hospice. i'm calling to see if the pulse is quality your results. and it's almost like the sound to your review of cables. the congo has been less or cursed depending on how one looks at it. with

extraordinary geological, mineral, wealth, the and it's always been strategic, whether it was in the 19th century robber or the middle of the 20th century uranium. or more recently. the question of strategic critical minerals for the agenda that the international community has adopted the consensus that we need to move to carbon neutral. the emissions in the world requires electric vehicles. it requires renewable energy, all of which require strategic minerals coming out of the congo. first and foremost, one could say, might be, would be called on. coal lazy is the cobalt capital of the world. where here in the house with the cost to build an industrial region location in the southern part of

the sea and neighboring sand, beyond a century of mining shapes and landscape the, the dion sees biggest kaufman, tow bolts is a notation from the provinces of new lava and applicants hung up the phone, corporations are exploring this immense wealth of the 19 copico, both mines in the region 15 owned by the chinese nations of business with the swiss glenn colquitt, which operates to the most most productive months. and you ration resources, good. cable is transported normally by truck down to south africa. it's loaded on ships and um, and, and then it ships from the oven to china where it's processed into batch or chemicals. and from their ends up in the what a supply chain right now. ready the global demand for cable is in the region of

840000 tons, a 150 maybe. but we're expecting that to rise to 250 in the next 5 years. and there's a lots of new demand which is going to come on to the market. and we'll, we're going to need to find supply for a ton of cobalt constituent to $70000.00 us dollars on the market. the mineral, which often occurs together with casa, has an live and mining corporation. since the battery market exploded to news done the day i'm making more profits. well, residents in the mining regions even less than $2.00 a day, maybe it would be less. okay. what about us, the, the people who live in the area around the mines, you've seen what co ways it looks like. the fact that there are no schools like these hospitals or streets. and there's other people who don't have access to

drinking water. he likes that little, even those who do have water can drink it a little because it's contaminated with acid amendment land that you the natural waterways that were in a few of the villages have already been poisoned. don't like disney, disney mining is tending to make the people poor still the, instead of bringing better living conditions to the new a new 20, some dvd popular, some of them on my, somebody to see i'll come, paula is a lawyer. and to schuman rights activist, he's investigating the impact of the battery markets. the local population loss is only the consequences are already apparent at the facilities of the chinese congress company. single mean, let's go do well and do you see those trucks over there? dumping out waste in that's what i call overburden or tailings from the mines in the mountains of it had been built out where there weren't any 5 years ago. they bought it, but not i says all systems that during the dry season, the dust drips down onto the fields here difficulty because they've got any new

lead in the plot to sort through. then there's a thick layer of dust on the plants around us. is that that was, it was yeah, that's it. that's why people are growing hardly anything at all. here is google bicyclist as because of that, does that comes from the tailings piles over there? the of the, the, the on the controller. yeah. yeah. because of the test, but also because of the water quality and the river in front of us, you know, you know, yeah, like i do, it's kind of want to be there and i don't too many water in there, basins overflows and the acid in its splinters. or feels you're welcome to send me over a, how old is the money up here? and if i'm on, let me know for the last 3 years, 3 years, almost. nothing's on it to come on my own. could you dig out a route for thank you. i hear you. yes, that's quite small. you was after 3 years, it'd be much bigger than someone. what do you live on when the money crop is poor sheet? so i got to take the money. okay. you said the minute i'm selling them on the market

in order to get money to buy food. i mean, that's what i would assume is to stick with me know about this problem. i know you're welcome. yeah. to begin with. they supplied us with drinking water, but that silver, perhaps they don't, it's not so bad if they die. when i'm, when i would like one from sick, i mean she has to me and should come and have a look at how we live here. i see one of them through it i. she's the one that applies to the governments to were citizens. doctor, we are the one i knew and you know me, well, i come here regularly when you say our work isn't progressing. i assume when i get a mix up and that was but since we took over your case, luckily we haven't given up got to go back up on the web eyes when your representatives come to quote ways when they see that we're putting pressure on the authorities id my we my c, we've just taken up the case again to the level lose young. you called me,

it's now with an advisor to the governor. you know, in job, i mean, i see thanks for your attention to that that will stay in contact with your community leader to buy got units for the mazda. so essentially there's a, when a mine is opened, is bus 40, so people lose their farm land. when the village is get poisoned, come on to the and the residents have to give up their traditional way of life. there's junky, i'm boost bush and the dish. nobody goes into the bush anymore. together, caterpillars and insects because there aren't any, there doesn't, does any of these yet? you won't be at no one fishes in the river anymore. and so i'm going that because there's no more fish. when the water flows through the mining area has little got him on the spot has been out of yet. it says on the points because of the there has to be clear, policy guidance, money that mine operators provide compensation for consequences like this, the media and related issues but vision. but as i said it, this is the congo least government to staying out of it completely. to live on through peace and the mining companies and the end users of the cobalt are ignoring

the problem. so the industrial mines and you will not buttoned up a good time to produce 80 percent of the companies cobalt. the remaining 20 percent comes from my teeth and online and it needs to be orange tops prospect is working shots deep below the surface. the dealer is one of them is also one of a 150000 people who stream dean from across the country, driven by poverty. they're hoping to get a piece of the pie, the people thinking that i came the seller life and can shop. so it was hard. yeah, but the thing that i lost my job, they fired me to my family, said we can't go on like this. i know without work and i couldn't pay the rent.

could i sell it? we'll see if i'm using a key and they said go to cold ways. it might be that there's cobalt there and you can earn a living with it. so i came here and became a cobalt prospector. that's crazy. i've never done it before. they put in me a flat and trip they, me one and i believe that the of or the why the go button while the something

the to the about the into the new why you know, what is the of these and these are woods now this is mining with your hand, but you go down the shaft, break up the stone with a crowbar and still the sags and then the carriers go down and bring the sacks. all those of us said, well mike, so all you go to this is the one that you said, the dig up and still the sacks. then we've done our jobs because the carriers carry it out. pulling one bag after the other to the surface. come up with them like some of the women then wash the or in the leg i. e. we pay the women and the carriers and sell the or at the warehouse upgrade to the an amazing entity. a month i was scared to death the 1st time. when i got down there,

i started to shake all the others laughed. i think, i mean, i'm a big they laugh at me because i was shaking so much that you know, my baby was sick. neither lay the root. i'm the boy we met. i was shaking with fear, but there was no going back, even though i'm a man after all, i must go down there. well, no matter if i was afraid, so new, not many clues, old prospectus, acute demand slides will drown. when he wants to mine. thousands of families rely more neutral governments and industry allowed them to mind from their own land. the government has been trying to reconnect the seasonal mining sick just for 20 years. the loss is those involved most enjoying the cool pursuits. but in reality, if the structure is a very high, rocky for simple workers have no shares in their minds nor say in their operation,

the autism lining is a really important thing to track because it's probably the only source of swing supply in the global market is the only source of cable supply, which can go up or down, depending on prices. the vast majority of cable mines today is either by products of compa, a or by products of nicholas. and if you own a, must've caught the cable mind, for example. um, the vast majority of your money is made on the call. so if the price of the cable, somebody shoots up, you're not going to increase your. ready production rates, because you, you can't run the valve cover is great, the price of cable is going up and it increases your, your cable value, but you're not going to increase supply to meet the additional,

the monkey costs because it's a byproducts. um the one exception is that more or less is autism or minus that's the real cobalt. that's the yield from my mind. shall we take out 350 sacks and a full day of work last sunday and consequently of 350 the sides. yes. if the scale is calibrated correctly, a sack weighs 20 kilo little a big issue, not a full chinese manipulate their scale to cheat c. so it turns out to be only 10, but normally if they want it and then the other one must have banking metrics. i end up getting busted ok, new problem with this and then the measuring device might not work. then they give you a different cobalt contents for the same product. i know, but we're forced to deal with the chinese. they cheap when it comes to the cobalt content of the order, but we have to sell to the single bundle. and then they come here and

serve themselves who they exploit us and leave on slow anywhere card. and there are nothing you'll need was little settings and they've been able to get frustrated with the mobiles. mine is primarily sells it onto chinese entrepreneurs who are pushing into the congo oscar and initial processing stage. they expose the middleton farm, foundries, the customer to hear about really the, the body shop. the

government is a new one. and again, it's a, it's a big issue. because the machines, i wonder why it wouldn't be the big people who said the default was this. what about the positive oh, the positive sends it after. 5 the so it's out there. when i pay for them,

i hit the rock until it breaks. then i know consigned, is there a traces of black? i know that it's not cable and that maybe that will end up in an e cause smoke. so the, this is my 1st trip to co lazy. what struck me most was just how the whole city was built around the mining industry, the around and on top of these, these minerals. and just this very, very, very strong feeling that these people, the people living they should be benefiting from this extraordinary wealth,

which is generating prosperity for chinese companies, european companies, american companies. but they're suffering. then all the ones benefiting from this, you know, this particular came home and in some parts of the city where homes as a being demolished, to make way, fix the expansion of industrial mines. it comes home in the parts of the city where people are digging down into the basement. so the houses are under ground to access the cables. it's extremely dysfunctional. i'm a senior national is how to program on corporate accountability and the role that companies play in human rights abuses around the world for about 15 years now. and we've, we had done previous projects in the d. c, looking at the mining industry but, but primarily focused on the, the big industrial mines. you know, during the reading about those things, some basic research about this revealed to me, you know, obviously it's not

a secret for anyone in the d. c, but the, the autism mining sector was becoming increasingly large, particularly when it came to cobalt. the chris, the diggers were risking their lives in the health to take this, this, this mccloud, they're also not receiving probably very few receiving a set price for their labor. they're being exploited financially. we found the children, the youngest 7 rate, but also involved in this, in this industry. no family wants that children to work low child low, 7 year old wants to be spending old a on entering. gonna entering illegally into the compound and spend whole day picking up stones from the ground at risk of being beaten. pulled, roped. no one wants to do that,

the doing that because the forced by the circumstances the does, that's how the day. that's how they're able to afford, you know, small amount the, the main point is that the report with it as much as 20 percent of those codes was

coming from the mines in the d. c. we wanted to know where this google went, who was buying this, which companies which tech companies, you know, the mobile phone manufacturers, the laptop manufacturers were using this cable in the batteries. and what would they doing to, to understand the supply chain and understand these conditions. the response we got, so this report drawing the links to, you know, from child labor, autism mining the cable industry linking these mines to these famous brands, had a massive the media pick up much more than we are expecting . no company, car manufacturer or other and consumer of call them wants to be

labeled as benefiting from child labor. it's terrible publicity. it hurts, share value. if it is wrong and consumers don't like it. so it's, it's bad for business even if you are ethically atrophied and don't care on the other. if you're only self interested, you should still be against it because it's, it's bad for business. i remember when the world's really stuff in paying attention to autism no binding. it was in 2016 with the publication of the amnesty reports that we had clients who would get in touch with somebody with they would say we want known the all c cable. so you wouldn't want to, so any of our cable from the d. c. child labor isn't the comic because only problem to transition to electric vehicles or a z says make them aware of how dependent they are on calculus,

cobalt and on the batteries that are manufactured primarily in asia. that's why the, you would prove to major actually development project in 2017 if you want to make sure that you are a vill also in the future, produce the best but also the sub time, most sustainable car. so you cannot simply do it. if you import the dietary from somebody else, without that choice ability, valid suspecting goal based on there. so we start making sure that the carbon footprint, this is the lowest possible, and therefore we started with a little piano about city alliance. and therefore we are doing this, i would say fantastic, catching up with china. so it was a bit of a late start because we didn't of, of simply in the car industry proceed to city for yours. the goals that i like to mobility will be here. so, so now, but it's both of the different story right now. this is actually held only good for

europe and good for texting, the climate change. but there are very clear benefits for the, for the local communities and the for them of new jobs. new investments are possibilities and clear commitment to us that everything has to be done. 100 percent, instead of just 10 percent of the world's batteries are produced in europe in order to gain ground by 2035. the e. u wants to build around sushi due to the factories and make the course of the global supply on find several heck to as a forest of already been sacrificed for the new industry and sweden. the swedish company most volts, has built the 1st enormous battery factory in europe, squaring off against ation manufacturers. north. what was founded almost 5 years ago by peter costs and the swedish guy, and then publish it with the italian guy. they found each other working for,

for tesla, be in european both of them. they then obviously start to look towards europe, which is part of the world where we have 20 something 1000000 vehicles produced every year. we have 1314000000 people work in this industry. and if you believe the hypothesis that all of these cars that we produce are going to go electric, not having batteries produced that scale, it's always going to be a critical thing for you. and that was sort of the premise for the idea of north of came about. so they move back to you and the started northville. that was a move towards late 2016. as a company we brought in more than $6500000000.00 of investment. we've been fortunate to have a lot of the, the well established car manufacturers on board from an early stage. the w was from perhaps the 1st one in 2018 volkswagen. it's a big both customer and investor in north wilson. most recently, we announced a joint venture together with all the cars with them to build another one of these

giga factories. in order to have independent rule materials for the new factory factories you, this operation and number of mining projects resists of cobalt would be not done to fight in sweden no way and finland the they are now to nichol cobalt mines operation. the and 7 moment being developed, finland has dozens of deposit, so critical minerals and it's open lodge areas to mining the . we have just started mind development process in the core. some of that area has been thoroughly investigated by a former states company. and then another company after that seems

early ninety's. so there's a lot of material that has been drilled from that area. and we have also done some drilling. it's promising at this moment, the power in seaford do a good because profitable minus the international energy association estimates that we need about 20 times more cove out to the world markets that we have now. no seen live cannot and we will not provide. that's all we can provide some, some of that spot, but it's very cold. and for the, for example, that com, anything cheaper to have possibilities traceability is going to be the c r p and um, so to that, so i need china

a domain dated production. what comes to co about finland is the only e u member that has deposits of all the minerals needed so that trees 300 kilometers from the arctic circle. the company total salma has reactivated the mine in salt connell. it was closed in 2012 off the top since leaked the surrounding waterways and lakes ted assignment as run by the finished government and saucy good as a rule materials trading company that has been convicted of environmental crimes in africa. as soon as he supplies regular was nickel, fruits, east, many people in europe have up sort of the wrong view on the mining activities. people still say uh, i mean the minus with the headlights on, on the,

on the physical kind of working risk of working. but of course, the modern mining is, is, this is not the big to what the proteus here in, instead of oma is the bucket of chemicals. so it's a nick, us out of it. and a couple of sulfate that be produced from the role but the rest of the mine, our cells. so we have a mining violated thing. and then we, we purchased for the end of the but that it coming cost me for a look at cobalt the production capacity. so $7400.00 tons of other critical sulfate again for both of the application and which is roughly for $300000.00. and that's a goal where he goes, but on the contract with the dental. so it covers almost one 3rd of our production capacity. but uh well this, the, the main thing and from our perspective is that the doctor now we joined to be

through dental. uh, building a supply chain from all the way from mining activities to pathetic ethnic gulf. cut that, not that a else, but the sales to that was a car manufacturing. it does these sustainable on the so, so we have a, a, uh of course being in europe and you and you're gonna be have of course, a lot of forklift stuff about the environment the mother saw in, in, in taken care, you know, the proper amount of human rights labor rights in a good order. according to the e, you commission by 20 says you should be at least 30 meeting and electric vehicles on your ups roads. as yet to reach disco, 1010 or farm. a centrist would be needed to supply the cobalt alone. i think the booming exploration in europe is on the reflection of the high prices that we have now. they all gains to run into the issues of the call to see if there was us. you

know, i've seen, i've seen mining projects which of those days about having point 08 percent cables in the old grade in the congo. some cable results can be as high as like 3 or 4 percent kribble. you know, for autism will sources. suddenly, in the congo some off, there's no minus sizes, so it's high cable that you can. so the pick up a roof can it has sort of a slight blue green tint. and you can tell us times like 10 percent cable, you're not going to get anywhere in your was it's high operation costs and blue shield. you will never be a cobalt el dorado. but it could scroll peak in another case sector recycling. within a decade, 10 percent of all the volts co, both could be recycled. the belgian company you me cool is a leader in this market. it says that in the future it will be able to recycle nearly a 100 percent of the coal,

both from batteries. we started with that's where you're recycling with recycling of mobile phone batteries. but knowing that electric vehicles would be just a matter of time. because indeed, the, the circularity, the complement, the complementarity of mining. on the one hand, which you still need today. but it would be ways to not recycle uh, products like coal, both and be less dependence. uh, on the on lightning for example. yeah. it will reflect the thing is a huge, huge the important market to investigate for about your muscles. because because the english steve is flexible, it becomes a huge source of supply within your demo, full within your supply, full costs, especially in the loan. so when we build 10. ready 20 year full costs, the cables and nickel, and if you, if it becomes extremely important to understand the circularity of those supply

chains, firstly, because obviously it's a huge amount of material that's going to be coming back into the supply chain. but secondly, because it changes where the supply comes from starting in 2035, the batteries of easy sold in the us will be required to contain at least 20 percent recycled cobalt. volkswagen is a very operating over cycling facility. the future joints of european battery production vehicle in france and most built in sweden have already taken that into consideration. they get the factories, this raw materials that we need for battery metals. they are recyclable by nature and you can recycle them over and over again. so it's really about mining the ones and then using them forever. and, and that is the fundamental difference in this change here. and obviously, given at the speed we're rolling this market. currently we're going to take

a few decades. it's going to take a while to get to a point where you have a set market, you know, one car in one car out type of market. but once you get there, you could always now the very circular feet are for all materials. so in 10 years, for example, the 1st generation of electric vehicles in europe comes of the comes of the rows and if one stuffs, scrapping them and buying new vehicles that cable those batteries will be recycled in europe and it'll be fed into the european supply chain which means the over time, because of that dislike thing, leap come countries and regions will have a reduced dependence on african minerals. the, the hello mr. reports of 2016, the mining industry was forced to make its supply chains were transparent. then in 2019 v. a we see

a boat to get to the most important company. so to form in coal lazy, the aim was to support them in tracing cobalt. how the magic woods due diligence. we represent the largest companies in the world that have a common vision to ensure that the minerals and metal sourcing and responsible and contributes positively, the social and economic development. due diligence is a process where by companies are supposed to map the supply chains or the business relationships and operations and identify in what ways those business relationships or supply chains might be linked to human rights abuses. and if that means, okay,

all the way to the point of a extraction, then so be it. and the fact that we and others have exposed, you know, range of human rights abuses out the mind means that they absolutely should go back and, and understand that risk. the due diligence also involves mitigating those risks. so it's not just a question of understanding what's going on, but will submit to mitigating them because it's a means to an end and the end is preventing human rights abuses. many manufacturers commission to service provider all c global to discover the conditions under which the cobalt was being mined. the company monitors industrial mines and just trying to integrate the hot seasonal mines in june conditions, programs for decades. that's been a lot of conversations that are on how to improve it as a mining not months has actually been achieved in that regard right. now, in reality, the child's name is not the only risk, like i said,

the most prevalent risk on as i'm science. so, and it isn't on it's most got mining sides by 5 is working conditions at the moment we have a couple of days, m science that has the target to scale to 12 and by the end of next year, you're absolutely right to say that it is an every, it's as non small sco mindset, of course in the con, um the reason for that is that you have around about 2 minutes has a minus in the country. if i look at the overall program and the see there's around about $53000.00 minus that i asked me on the, on the monitoring from uh, you know, that it's a bit of money program. if you take some older miners from all the different mindsets and the conservation, right, you drive incremental improvement, you cannot in any way improve every single sites at the same speed. at the same time the cost, the emphasis continues to be on child labor. and with good reason,

there was still thousands of children working in the small mines in the law. but if many in cios say that as a result, the other problems which cannot be solved would you diligence like forced resettlement without appropriate compensation. environmental pollution and corruption are pushed into the background. meanwhile, millions of these continue to drive on el streets, powered by co home from the combo and the every day. the

returning new to the ops is a moral obligation for germany. this key, the form of hello neal power wants to make amends, especially for its crimes in africa. thoughts repatriation brings about its own privilege. returning looted, restitution in the crust has of world politics close on in 30 minutes on d, w. o is history. the future is hydrogen.

the an old mining town in spain is leading the way to green energy with the largest hydrogen pond in it is expected to produce enormous amounts of clean energy. but is there enough water made in germany in 90 minutes on dw the very well thanks to jeff to just in the gym. loved about anything step away from us, but i'm not even allowed to go to my own car. and everyone was later holes in every single day stuff, getting you ready to meet the gentleman enjoying me, right? just do it on dw,

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