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thousands of people in the democratic republic of congo d r c, supplying materials from global resolution within mining k, as in high demand around the world, cobalt industrial countries urgently need the medical to make that change. the house of all the electric vehicles and the race to slow climate change. cobalt has become key to the transition away from fossil fuels, who's paying the price? the 6 i'll make is adding a new iraq dw reynolds bmw, volvo,

all the big names. the conversion live plates to electric, environmental concerns, a driving transition consumer on commercial internal combustion vehicles produce about a quote for greenhouse gas emissions in your other fox fog hopkins on that. i just come up volkswagen. and as did $1200000000.00 euros in the side of the it's dedicated especially to the 6th grade cars we started making here, one of those to be everything was adapted and now we're 100 percent electric house . we billed 100 percent electric cars here electro show and devote i know not present lectures out to see the sourcing and 20 says you find the jew intends to prohibit the sale of new cost with internal combustion engines. the far reaching decision impacts the whole production chain. if you want to achieve the climate neutrality in uh 30 years,

if you need to use all the technologies which are available, we are now on disputed number one. if it comes to investment into the, about 30 seconds or so, we are super hauled zone for the investment until they're about to reduce it to me . so it's got into the head 1st. 70 projects on going be, be, have more than $120000000.00 units of investment over the last 3 years, which is the city and a half times more then uh, the money invested in china in the same sector. and so that's we are going to create a lot of just jobs and as i said, it's completely new investors most electric car batteries. and you are the based on the co manganese cobalt o n m c technology which allows them to travel around 400 kilometers off to one charge. the batteries contain lithium and about 10 kilograms of cobalt. if you look at the average high,

high capacity of battery, so the sort of thing used in tesla or volkswagen id 3. most of it is nickel nicko is what gives the battery is extremely high range cable. it's effectively the safety mechanism. so you put a little bit of cable in your battery, and that means that you will have battery fires and fuel cells or will remain stable under extreme duress or the vast majority of cable comes from the democratic republic of congo. and that's essentially because there isn't really anywhere else in the world which has the same grade. so mineralogy for cable has become good. it's really, there isn't really any other country in the wealth which contains house the same call to see if the pulses, quality of reserves. and it's almost like the sound to you, radius of cables. the

congo has been blessed or cursed, depending on how one looks at it. with extraordinary geological, mineral, wealth, the. and it's always been strategic whether it was in the 19th century robber or the middle of the 20th century uranium. or more recently. the question of strategic critical minerals for the agenda that the international community has adopted the consensus that we need to move to carbon neutral. the emissions in the world requires electric vehicles. it requires renewable energy,

all of which require strategic minerals coming out of the congo. first and foremost, one could say, might be, would be called on. coal lazy is the cobalt capital of the world. way here in the house with a call to build an industrial region location. the southern part of d. c, a neighboring sand beyond a century of mining shapes the landscape, the, the seas because copper and cobalt is this a notation from the provinces of new lava and applicants hung up the phone. corporations are exploring the cement swell of the 19 copico. both mines in the region 15 owned by the chinese nations business with the swiss glenn colquitt, which operates to the most most productive months. and you ration resources good

cable. ready is transported normally by truck down to south africa as loaded on ships and um and, and then it ships from the oven uh to china for is processed into box or chemicals um and from there ends up in the water supply chain right now. ready the global to mont, for k, both is in the region of 840000 tons 150, maybe. um, but were expecting that to rise to 250 in the next 5 years. and there's a lot of new demand, which is going to come on to the market, and we'll, we're going to need to find supply for a ton of co volt constituent to $70000.00 us dollars on the market. the mineral, which often occurs together with casa, has an live and mining corporation. since the battery market exploded 10 use to the they are making more and more profits. well,

residents in the mining regions even less than $2.00 a day, maybe it would be less. okay. what about us, the, the people who live in the area around the mines of it. so you've seen what co ways it looks like the fact that there are no schools like these hospitals or streets. initially, people don't have access to drinking water like that little, even those who do have water can drink it a little because it's contaminated with acid and member land that you the natural waterways that were in a few of the villages have already been poisoned. don't like disney, disney mining is tending to make the people poor still, instead of bringing better living conditions that may be way you can do something dvd popular. somebody come on my, somebody to come paula as a lawyer, and to schuman rights activist, he's investigating the impact of the battery markets. the local population loss is only the consequences are already apparent at the facilities of the chinese congress company, single means. and let's go to, well,

and do you see those trucks over there dumping at waste in that's what i called overburden or tailings from the mines in the mountains of it had been built out where there weren't any 5 years ago. you bought it, but not us is all physical and stuff during the dry season, the dust drips down onto the fields here we think would be the cover. they got it in a new really in a plot to sort through. then there's a thick layer of dust on the plants around us. is that that was, it was yeah, that's it. that's why people are growing hardly anything at all. here is google bicyclist as so because of that, does that comes from the tailings pounds over there? the of the, the, the on the controller. yeah. yeah. because of the test, but also because of the water quality and the river in front of us, you know, you know, yeah, like i do, it's kind of what the water in there basins overflows and the acid in its splits or feels you're welcome to send me over how old is the money up here, and if i'm on my mind right now for the 3 years, 3 years,

almost nothing's on. it's like i'm on my own. could you dig out a route? thank you. i hear you. yes, that's quite small. after 3 years it'd be much bigger something. what do you live on when the money across his port is shit. so i got to pick the money up. he said the minute i'm selling him on the market in order to get money to buy food and give me just one of the issue is to stick with me know about this problem. i know you walk. yeah. to begin with. they supplied us with drinking water, but that's over. perhaps they don't. it's not so bad if they die. when i, when i would like one from sick, i mean, she has to be in chicago and have a look at how we live here. i feel out of them through what i thought applies to the governments to were citizens. sorry we got into a when i knew and you know me, well, i come here regularly when you say our work isn't progressing on. i say mom when i

get a mix up in doubles, but since we took over your case, luckily we haven't given up got to go back up on the web. but when your representatives come to quote ways when they see that we're putting pressure on the authorities id my we my c, we've just taken up the case again to the law, movies young. you called me, it's now with an advisor to the governor. you know, and you'll, but i mean, i see thanks for your attention to the will stay in contact with your community leader to buy got you. that's where the mazda. so it's an issue. there's a when a mine is opened as possible, is the people lose their farm land we. the village is get poisoned, come onto tv, and the residents have to give up their traditional way of life. there's auntie, i'm but as bush and the dish, nobody goes into the bush anymore together, caterpillars and insects because there aren't any there who does that? does any of these yet? you won't be at no one fishes in the river anymore. yeah. so i'm going that because there's no more fish. when the water flows through the mining area has little got

him on the spot has been out of yet. it says on the points because of the there has to be clear policy guidance, money, but mine operators provide compensation for consequences like this. that exactly, that the state me in a related issues but vision. but as i said, it is this, the congo least government is staying out of it. complete like to live onto peace and the mining companies and the end users of the cobalt are ignoring the problems shown the industrial mines and you would not uh end up like a tank produced 80 percent of companies, cobalt. the remaining 20 percent comes from all chase and will mine and beneath the orange tops prospect is work and shots deep below the surface. the dealer is one of them is also one of a 150000 people who stream dean from across the country. driven by prophecy.

they're hoping to get a piece of the pie, the vehicle picking that i came the and rosella nice and can shop. so was hard, i lost my job and they fired me through my family, said you can't go on like this. i know without work and i couldn't pay the rent. could i sell it? we'll see if i'm using a key as i said, go to cold ways. it might be that there's cobalt there and you can earn a living was $82.00. so i came here and became a cobalt prospector. i think they have, i've never done it before. they put in me a flip flip, they may have one and i have, these are the

it was in a while to do something to watch the news about the way the new one. yeah. you know, what is that is that it's up to them at least what's not is mining with your hand, but you go down the shaft, break up the stone with a crowbar and fill the sacks. then the carriers go down and bring the sack. so i'll just go by says, i'm like the only this is a long time. you said the dig up and still the sacks. then we've done our jobs

because the carriers carry it out, pulling one back after the other to the surface of mobile mobile by like some of the women then wash the or in the leg i. e. we pay the women and the carriers and sell the order at the warehouse upgrade to the enemies on a monday i was scared to death. the 1st time when i got down there i started to shake all the others laughed. i think looking on my big they laughed at me because i was shaking so much of getting them a baby, but neither lay the legs with them. they fully met. i was shaking with fear, but there was no going back. even though i'm a man, after all, i must go down there. well, no matter if i was afraid. so new, not many clues, old prospectus, acute demand slides or drown. one who wants to mind. thousands of families rely more looking with governments and industry allowed them to mind from their own land

. the government has been trying to reconnect the seasonal mining, say, just for 20 years. the law says those involved must have joined the call proceed. but in reality, if the structure has a very high rocky for simple workers have no shares in their minds nor say in their operation, autism mining is a really important thing to track because it's probably the only source of swing supply in the global market is the only source of cobalt supply which can go up or down depending on prices. the vast majority of cable mines today is either by products of compa, a or by products of nicholas. and if you own a must've called the cable mind, for example. um,

the vast majority of your money is made on the cost of set the price of cable, somebody shoots up, you're not going to increase your. ready production rates, because you, you can't run the valve cover is great, the price of cable is going up and it increases your, your cable value, but you're not going to increase supply to meet that additional. the monkey costs because it's a byproducts. um the one exception is that more or less is autism or minus that's the real cobalt. that's the yield for my mind. shall we take out 350 sacks and a full day of work was something consequently of 350 sides. yes. if the scale is calibrated correctly, a sack weighs 20 t level of english and not a full chinese manipulate their scale to cheat c. so it turns out to be only 10, but normally they want it. and then the other one must have ranking metrics and you

know, getting busted over can do problem with the some and then the measuring device might not work. then they give you a different cobalt contents for the same product. i know, but we're forced to deal with the chinese. they cheat when it comes to the cobalt content of the or we have to sell to the bone going on with us in a bundle and then they come here and serve themselves. they exploit us and leave on slow anywhere card and there are nothing you'll need was really those settings and they've been able to me if i seem to be the mobiles. mine is primarily sells it onto chinese entrepreneurs who are pushing into the congo. oscar and initial processing stage, they expose the middle to form boundaries, the customer

to hear about the big yeah. the body shop. what is the limit is i need you to down and again, he said it's a big data causing us to be the one in this room because the 2 machines with young people who said the default was the oh, the process. i'd say the

truth, are there mind when i pay for them? i hit the wrong console, it breaks. then i look and signs for one isn't. is there a traces of black? i know that it's got tables and that maybe that will end up in an e cause smoke. so the, this was my 1st trip to co lazy it. what struck me most was just how the whole city

was built around the mining industry around and on top of these, these minerals. and just this very, very, very strong feeling that these people, the people living they should be benefiting from this extraordinary wealth. which is generating prosperity for chinese companies, european companies, american companies, but they're suffering, they're not the ones benefiting from this. you know, this particular came home and in some parts of the city where homes as a being demolished, to make way, fix the expansion of industrial mines. it comes home in the parts of the city where people are digging down into the basement. so the houses are under ground to access the cobalt. it's extremely dysfunctional. i'm a senior nationalist, had a program on corporate accountability and the role that companies play in human

rights abuses around the world for about 15 years now. and with we had done previous projects in the d. c. looking at the mining industry but, but primarily focused on the, the big industrial mines. um, you know, during the reading about as doing some basic research about this revealed to me you know, obviously it's not a secret for anyone in the d. c, but the, the autism mining sector was becoming increasingly large, particularly when it came to cobalt the crew, the diggers were risking their lives in the health to take the this, this mccloud, they're also not receiving. probably very few receiving a set price for that labor. they're being exploited financially. we found that children the youngest 7 rate, but also involved in this, in this industry. no family wants that children to work. low child,

low 7 year old wants to be spending old a on entering it, entering illegally into the compound and spend all day picking up stones from the ground at risk of being beaten pulled. roped that one wants to do that. the doing that because the forced by the circumstances the does, that's how they they, that's how that they're able to afford, you know, small amount the

the main point is that the report with it as much as 20 percent of the goals codle's was coming from autism minds in the d. c, we wanted to know where this google went, who was buying this, which companies which tech companies, you know, the mobile phone manufacturers, the laptop manufacturers were using this cable in the batteries and what were they doing to, to understand the supply chain and understand these conditions the response we got, so this report drawing the links to, you know, from child labor, autism mining the cable industry linking these mines to these famous brands,

had a massive the media pick up much more than we were expecting . no company, car manufacturer or other and consumer of call them wants to be labeled as benefiting from child labor. it's terrible up to a city. it hurts, share value. if it is wrong and consumers don't like it. so it's, it's bad for business even if you are ethically atrophied and don't care on the other. if you're only self interested, you should still be against it because it's, it's bad for business. i remember when the wealth really stuff and paying attention to autism no binding. it was in 2016 with the publication of the amnesty reports.

and we had clients who would get in touch with us and we would, they would say we want known the all see cables for you, but i want to so was any of our cable from the d. c. child labor isn't the comic because the only problem to transition to electric vehicles or a v says make them aware of how dependent they are on conch lease cobalt and on the batteries that are manufactured primarily in asia. that's why the, you would prove to major actually development project in 2017 if you want to make sure that you're a vill also in the future, produce the best but also the sub time, most sustainable car. so you cannot simply do it. if you import the battery from somebody else without, that's a traceability, valid suspecting, going to be standards because they're making sure that the carbon footprint this is the lowest possible. and therefore we start to do that. you would up and bought

city elias and therefore we are doing this. i would say, uh fantastic, catching up with china. so it was a bit of a late start because we didn't of, of simply in the car industry perceived to city 40 years ago that so i like to mobility will be here. so, so now, but it's both of the different story right now. this is actually not only good for europe and good for texting, the climate change, but there are very clear benefits for that, for the local communities and the for them of new jobs. new investments are possibilities and clear commitment to a site that everything has to be done. 100 percent sustainable. just 10 percent of the wills batteries are produced in europe in order to gain ground by 2035. the you wants to build around to see you just factories and make the course of the global supply on it's time several heck to is the 1st of all very being sacrificed for the new industry and sweden. the swedish company most volts,

has built the 1st enormous battery factory in europe, squaring off against ation manufacturers. north. what was founded almost 5 years ago by peter costs and the swedish guy, and then publish it with the italian guy. they found each other working for, for tesla, be in european both of them. they then obviously start to look towards europe, which is a part of the world where we have 20 something 1000000 vehicles produced every year . we have 1314000000 people work in this industry. and if you believe the hypothesis that all of these cars that we produce are going to go over electric, not having batteries produced that scale, it's always going to be a critical thing for you. and that was sort of the premise for the idea on of north of came about. so they move back to you and the started northwest that was made towards late 2016. as a company we brought in more than $6500000000.00 sort of investment. we've been

fortunate to have a lot of the, the well established car manufacturers on board from an early stage b, m. w was from perhaps the 1st one in 2018 volkswagen is a big both customer and investor in north wilson. most recently, we announced a joint venture together with all the cars with them to build and all the one of these giga factories in order to have independent rule materials for the new factory factories you. this operation and number of mining projects resists of cobalt would be an identified in sweden no way and finland the there are now to nichol cobalt mines authorizing that and 7 moment being developed. finland has dozens of deposit, so critical minerals and his open g lodge areas to mining the

we have just started mind development process in the course of that area has been thoroughly investigated by a former states company. and then another company after that seems early ninety's. so there's a lot of material that has been drilled from that area and we have also done some drilling. it's promising at this moment, the power in depth as a foot do like to discuss profitable minus the international energy association estimates that we need about 20 times more coal, both to the world markets that we have no, no seen life cannot and will not provide. that's all we can provide some,

some of that followed by this very hold on for the for example, that com manufacturer to have possibilities. the traceability is going to be the c r p. and um, so to that, so i need china dominated production. what comes to coal? both finland is the only e u member that has deposits of all the minerals needed so that trees 300 kilometers from the arctic circle. the company total salma has reactivated the mine in salt connell. it was closed in 2012 off the top since leaked the surrounding waterways and lakes. a total salma is run by the finished government and saucy good on a rule materials trading company that has been convicted of environmental crimes in

africa. facilities supplies brenda with nickel, fruits, east many people in europe, the opposite of the wrong view on the mining activities. people still say uh, i mean the minus with the headlights on, on the, on the physical kind of working risk of working. but of course, the modern minding is, is, this is not the big to want to be proud of us here in, instead of them, it is the bucket of chemicals. so it's a nick, us out of it on a couple of sulfate. does to be produced from the role but the rest of the mine, our cells. so we have a mining violated thing and then we we purchased for the end of the but that it can it cost me for luca, cobalt of the production capacity. so 7400 tons of other critical boss. i'll fight again for both of the application and which is roughly for $300000.00. and that's

a go where he goes, but on the contract with the dental. so it covers almost one 3rd of our production capacity. but with this, the, the main thing from our perspective is that the doctor now we join to be through dental. uh, building a supply chain from all the way from mining activities to pathetic a cost cut that not that a us, but there is sales to that was a car manufacturing. it does these sustainable on the so, so we have a, a, uh of course being in europe and you and you're gonna be have of course, a lot, the forklift stuff that the environment the mother saw in, in, in taken care. you know, a couple of minor human rights labor rights in a good order. according to the

e. u commission by 20 says either should be at least 30 media electric vehicles on europe's roads. as yet to reach disco, 10 terrace thomas sentries would be needed to supply the cobalt alone. i think the booming expiration in europe is suddenly a reflection of the high prices that we have now. they all gains to run into the issues of the call to see if there was us, you know, i've seen, i've seen mining projects which of those days about having point 08 percent cables in the old grade in the congo. some cable results can be as high as like 3 or 4 percent kribble, you know, for autism will sources. suddenly, in the congo, someone says no minus slice of so it's high cable that you can sort of pick up a roof can it has sort of a slight blue green tint. and you can tell us times like 10 percent cable, you're not going to get anywhere and you're with it's high operation costs and blue

shield. you will never be a cobalt el dorado. but it could scroll big. in another case sector recycling. within a decade, 10 percent of all the volts co, both could be recycled. the belgian company you me cool is a leader in this market. it says that in the future it will be able to recycle nearly a 100 percent of the coal, both from batteries. we started with that's where you're recycling with recycling of mobile phone batteries. but knowing that electric vehicles would be just a matter of time. because indeed, the, the circularity, the complement, the complementarity of mining. on the one hand, which you still need today. but it would be a ways to not recycle uh, products like a coal both and be less dependence. uh, on the on lightning for example. yeah. it will reflect the thing is a huge, huge the important market to investigate for about your muscles. because uh,

because the end of the steve of flexible, it becomes a huge source of supply within your demand for within your supply in the long time as well. we bills 10. ready 20 year full costs, the cables and nickel and vacuum, it becomes extremely important to one of the stands, the circularity of the supply chains. firstly, because, obviously is a huge amount of material that's going to be coming back into the supply chain. but secondly, because it changes where the supply comes from starting in 2035, the batteries of easy sold in the year will be required to contain at least 20 percent recycled cobalt. volkswagen is a very uprising, a recycling facility. the future joints of european factory production vehicle in france and north felt in sweden have already taken that into consideration at the giga factories. this raw materials that we looked for. battery

metals, they are recyclable by nature and you can recycle them over and over again. so it's really about mining the ones and then using them forever. and, and that is the fundamental difference in this change here. and obviously, given at the speed we're rolling this market. currently we're going to take a few decades. it's going to take a while to get to a point where you have a set market, you know, one car in one car out type of market. but once you get there, you could always now the very circular feet are for all materials. so in 10 years, for example, the 1st generation of electric vehicles in europe comes of the comes of the rows and if one stuffs, scrapping them and buying new vehicles that cable these batteries will be recycled in europe. and that'll be fed into the european supply chain, which means the over time, because of that dislike thing, leap come countries and regions will have a reduced dependence on african minerals

when the m, as 2 reports of 26 in the mining industry was forced to make its supply chains were transparent then in 2019 v o e c t port to get to the most important companies that are formed in coal lazy. the aim was to support them in tracing cobalt. how dementia, woods, due diligence. we represent the largest companies in the world that have a common vision to ensure that the minerals and metals sourcing and responsible and contribute positively. the social and economic development to diligence is a process where by companies are suppose to map the

supply chains or the business relationships and operations and identify in what way those business relationships or supply chains might be linked to human rights abuses. and if that means, okay, all the way to the point of an extraction, then so be it. and the fact that we and others have exposed, you know, range of human rights abuses out the minds means that they absolutely should go back and, and understand that risk to diligence also involves a as good as mitigating those risks. so it's not just the question of understanding what's going on, but will submit to mitigating them because it's a means to an end and the end is preventing human rights abuses. many manufacturers commission to service provide us the global to discover the conditions under which the cobalt was being mined. the company monitors industrial mines and

just trying to integrate the hot seasonal mines in to, to the agents programs for decades. that's been a lot of conversations that are on how to improve it as a mining not much has actually been achieved in that regard right now, in reality, the child's name is not the only risk. like i said, the most prevalence risk on as i'm science a so and it isn't on it's most got mining size by 5 is working conditions at the moment we had a couple of as m science that as a target to scale to 12 and by the end of next year, you're absolutely right to say that it isn't, it'd be, it's as non small sco mindset of course in the con, um, the reason for that is that you have around about 2 minutes has a minus in the country. if i look at the overall program and of the se, there's around about $33000.00 minus that i asked me on the, on the monitoring from uh, you know, that it's a bit of money program. if you take all the minus from all the different mindsets

and the conservation, right? you drive incremental improvement, you cannot in any way improve every single sites at the same speed at the same time as in the cost, the emphasis continues to be on child labor. and with good reason, there was still thousands of children working in the small mines in the law. but if many in cios say that as a result of the other problems which cannot be solved with 2 dimensions, while i forced resettlement without appropriate compensation, environmental pollution, and corruption, and a pushed into the background. meanwhile, millions of these continued to drive on l street, powered by cobalt from the combat. and there were every day

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carrying supplies.