on the sidney low month's last minute desperate attempt was to an accurate $11.00 it ended and germany crashed out in the world kept groups. thanks for the 1st time in history. you're watching the news. just reminder of our top story, this, our former us present, donald trump has pleaded not guilty to charges of conspiring while in the office to overturn his loss and the 2020 election following his court appearance in washington. trump said he was being persecuted by his political backs. we've got a documentary looking at microscopic creatures living in layer. i'm guess i'm terry martin. thanks for watching. the we've been going is great for investigating the theme this this. everyone here just wants to get into bit calling because they are known as bit queen arrows. investors

from all over are moving to latin america in search of been going treasure. nowhere is the crypto currency valued more highly than here. the queen in latin america starts august 18th on dw, the we live in a well surrounded by and take lance of gases and want to make up the on site must be and shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. and these lands on teeming with life insects seats, poland, and bacteria, floats in the atmosphere. similar to the tanks on the drink with ocean currents, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind, a cold arrow plank. and for several decades, ero biology,

i just focused on these organisms. it's a branch of biology that's long been under appreciated era biologists study the movement of life in the atmosphere, whether the tiny organisms in a cloud, the rain dropped or in the cost of a desert wind learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio diversity health and the climate. understanding how they influence our lives and the global animal and plant well is increasingly important. swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch can mysterious ecology is to be a for the discoveries just waiting to be discovered. the

one that i placed on the, to the one to, to receive up here. you have the feeling you're far away from everything for them to choose, but that's exactly the point we want to find out if there's life at this altitude and what type of music all of you either can when you have a book in there, circling, constructed on the wind is blowing at about 20 kilometers per hour on. so a particle travel is a remarkable tony kilometers per hour. sounds like you to minutes. let's click on see the on. yeah, i'm a to at the institute of chemistry, oakland mall fell in central. france wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. today he's on this time it's up to predict them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters. he's setting up time. tom trump set the observatory traps off essentially vacuum cleaners. the capture dice, select the tiny apple and travelers when p i'm a to looks into the skies. he knows that anything bought empty. the atmosphere round, this is bustling with life. to escape, i'd list 5th,

the under. so now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface . okay, and so the mirror image of the grounds best. we also know that most fits all very dynamic oxygen. that is moving and makes things some a long day off today. wins. sweep over all of a surfaces staring apple types of particles. so it's like less and living, a veteran feasible to the naked eye, but constantly around us. these particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tax on the ground. the aerosols, brian's about forests. they can contain leaf dunst, poland, most of all at so phone. imagine junky,

very excited when he went in today. so they've gone while some of the major cities as small insects and miniscule traces of shapes more over a highway. a cloud might form of tie of particles, oil, and droplets and fine dust, high altitude wins mix the air, results, and transport them far away. the this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms in the arrow penton sweat to long body and currents. the place del boucher and manuela paula shay welk at the national research institute about agriculture of food and environment in midland, in west and fronds collecting samples from this fund. a line strunk just positioned

in the middle of the fields. it's essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. there's a strong s o from the trap. the position in uh was made through it though, if it by exact ammonia in a good 12 meters high, they don't get or 40 feet to be exact as well because it's an english models was metal. and it just said the wood up to lay, we don't want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters above the ground them. but rather organisms that were swept into the air as calls us and travel greater distance point. they don't say they don't have to do the thing to so long since that that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region for your website on this keyboard. once you do it on some of the items on wednesday, who is very good news. there are even lifeline. he wrote this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insane. so the largest

organisms in arrow painted and they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters depending on the size and the wind speed. the dr. song saying everything that policy is by, agricultural scientists use the results to warn the farmers of clouds of a fade. so the past, the trap operates. oh yeah. around the clock of the i don't like, this is really a lot to get to because it's a sunny day is going out. i mean, i'm m as in a say ok, another one is hiding glass goose one another a beat leaf, a 5th, the beatles. and flies fonts, even spiders. a tremendous variety of species play a role in the invisible ariel by swelling above us.

the comes on medium. uh, what about just as the count myself as an allergy and small crustaceans in the c cubic meter of air above our heads, it contains so many different organisms of that, that includes the board on call and bacteria preventive, but also small insect spider is like daily basis and it says on site design, you took down the organisms right, the wins like flying, compet the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. and to so find the

we've known about the existence of aero pine tone for nearly 200 years. which is naturalist charles darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the galapagos in 18. 35 the spiders were entangled in the ship's rigging many miles from shaw. and in the 2nd half of the 19th century, french scientist louis past due proved through a series of experiments. the particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal puzzles as to is remembered as one of the fathers of modern micro biology. tobacco allows it strikes meningitis around that time. scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. a new branch of

science was born and wrote biology. scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that $55000.00 bacteria were found in the bustling pollute as a by lee and parents. but only $7600.00 were found among the trees in a box. in the swiss alps the hotel even advertised with assign the claimed only $25.00 bacteria. the then it was the work of legendary pilot charles lindbergh. in the 19 searches, he attached and a decent defiance to his plane and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada, collecting a variety of bundles, phones, poland, and micro l. g. the samples supported the pieces that living things can survive long distance and travel with high altitudes. but in the years that followed ero biology descended into op security to the organism suspended in the somewhat so

gotten the ingredients in satellite imagery. rekindled entranced in the late 20th century, scientists discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms. or she will say the push. the also i'm of the way down to when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture, you see that it's carried away with the airflow, things like that. it's the same in the atmosphere. now, the mass of these particles is so small that once airborne, they stay there and follow the air. so how is the fee low laquanda? l. a fond smile to lack researches, the inter continental transport of desert task. he says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing or dust rise from the laundries deserts every year and circulate in the atmosphere. these gigantic dust

cloud, swift seen via satellite images in the 19 ages. aero biologists then realized the true extent of circulating aero pine tone. no, but certainly i met you on yesterday, which contains not only mineral matter, but in some cases also living organic material to and give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fung dyer mutual. as soon as the test is kicked out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to completely new place this, which will be the, it's easy for a bacterium, fungal spa, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight. the pretended winds does upgrades of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact

tons of dust and micro organisms sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers the hold up a wall street. or we can track this task over long distances. also the supers you satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over this. the hard desk that within several hours the cloud grows and starts moving to the area. i will say the only thing. i'll fast forward. there's what you're telling me what goes set to close mazda pursue days later, you can see these huge dust mass is reaching the atlantic ocean. he of us, with a few days later, they're already over western france. it don't because they're likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia a propulsion was showing us coordinated ex, weather conditions high and low pressure areas. boom and cold and current. either

cold, the desk booms in or blew them away. they form an highways that circle the, the kilometer. if they task cloud can cross the atlantic within a week the, the atmosphere is a true transport of life. the book to them at yale and the matter contains chemical elements. and in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. this increases the software that tell

the tiny organisms in aero pine tone travel incredibly long distance. they said high altitudes, but how do they travel and how do they affect the ground? the countless micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on of the body bones. emilio cas, i'm valuable, is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition and its connections to climate change. he's working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere. i don't know what else to say with a key science, but his research is in this spanish berenice the

to see the just so you know, we do get some of them out of the 2 dimensions of the metal. we're at an altitude of over 2000 meters, where there's little interference from local air pollution. i'm using pizza. we want to capture micro organisms that spread in the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it gas in the office. instead of going through them done a lot more so that you'll be going to do this and we gather green water in a collector for one week. the sample includes micro organisms in small particle and sequence. we collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and the one of them which, which, which, which, which the most part people us get the most i can hear. you can see the particle. so like, you know, what's the best part of the water is clear again,

because all the particles got stuck in our filter and was talking to a lot of people as long as i, because there are organic particles like bacteria. it fun guy, holland. and it was on the but also in organic ones like clay silicates and minerals that come from far away is almost because he's been in for another. and with us, what are some of those take us about a year and could be just from africa, for example, the 3rd, which was transported them, yet my sphere system was washed out by the rain and the light. that's what we're capturing here. the water is probably running, there are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this filter immediately means that the media doesn't provide these these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cod threw out us history once the particles land again, the tiny travelers have a significant impact on ecosystems, some bacteria and help boost pond gross by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen

from the others, penetrate the soil, and recycled dead organic monta, viruses and microscopic modes regulate animal and plant life. so let me throw and these will stick when they'll gain when these micro organisms land in. they can colonize new habitat and we, when she spends an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that i'm allowing them to colonize the entire planet. they're small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is what it and create new life in the summer. we gotta be the media cast them i yours teams started micro organisms in rain want to the is and with the help of weather data. trace the arrow pine tons, pathways the scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent the streams of arrow pine tongue came from and they discovered some

remarkable patton's of the, in the summer arrow plant on tends to be local. it rises from the farmlands of spain and northern europe above cities, rivers and lakes. but in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine till him come primarily from the atlantic ocean, bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and to send over the mountains. already had left the middle resort that it was going to be un, what you better when we analyze the initial results of storm savior and joan? we noticed trends that recur annually. this was an amazing discovery. how is it possible that the st micro organisms will appear at the same time every year? they see those up, but it's gonna be moving. we know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. here are some plants growing. the spring of this growing the summer months and the cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere. so used to speak last time,

you know, quarter and, and i'm with of the streams of arrow pine cones, a not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason. the microbial mazda is the rise and settle at the own cycles and seasons, just like bands, flowers, and bumble bee, the but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat. among the multitude of microbes circling the skies a some to um say that humans can microscopic ero, painted, and make us sick. the on the flip flop. yes. smooth bobby. the tape people used to talk about my as a medic. x relations when it came to airborne diseases. also the prevention wasn't possible back then. the method of transmission wasn't really unknown because that

meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. you know, some of the, the failed to submit this real nice old notion of a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. we now know that all microbes and viruses floating into yeah, which can infect humans, animals and plants. but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb . with the help of the wind over several kilometers. a dead condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia. the many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil. a microscopic ticking time bombs, the visual people

visited the visual patrols in the civil done. there are some pretty dangerous pathogenic fun guy. the credits to the hospitals are mindful of this. because when soil and sandra move during construction workers and their adverse wins, this is asked for deal a sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic loading and unloading for you. what is it to them? you don't need to be sees of the genus as forgiveness are found everywhere. you're including in the atmosphere acute or if they appear in large amount. they're dangerous to him. you know, compromise that the girls with a degree of always keep switching to manage the science as shown. pathogens can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distance is of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven . the font that isn't solid evidence to show that transmission happens over

a long distances of several 100 kilometers the filters in for them to those very easy to few pathogens. dangerous to humans can travel very long distance is so question deals at the corona virus was studied in the laboratory, but it's vulnerability and it turned out it's very sensitive to alex to yeah, according to uv, radiation and drain is quickly kill and render a virus harmless when it's suspended in the air that's i have no way to treat. if i didn't think of the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. it's trying to see by google and hold on to the activity. but there's a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly really some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because they're mostly dead. the only most we're talking about

traces of genetic material. so spiral bacterial occurs acidic, but not live viruses. this is the views of people. the men say, look, you know, it's very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick a lot. it takes a substantial viral load to become infected. because luckily i bodies have strong defense and most likely to always will remember who the follows the organs immune systems, vigilant. now for the last most infectious diseases today transmitted by a different kind of and pump the way through our planes. passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. in spring time, poland takes its ton on this giant. at carousel pollen grains produced themselves.

they often travel far and wide and reproduce with a female gummy of other trees. this is beneficial to many living beings. the little med johnny, the pollen grains can break, releasing irritants, but make poland. ology is a widespread problem of the, at the university of little in france. you called all visa and now the usual on studying poland. they've captured from the yeah. they're examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter at pollutants. and this guy that i knew before. let me adjust this the

live. what else did they put on the x to is this, this poland has truly exploded on the national to credit. they know this is the sample from the books pulled and sees it, they could help cause that's where you can pull the pole in this crack, not just through a or what is a little subset. so not long that it's deflated their to their protective membrane is really shredded. if they're how long they should get this one for the next week, i see it's near, we see the broken poland, which lost its original reproductive function. you can also see the release of the small particles, which are dangerous for people with as modest. that's the clock is it's

immeasurable because all to become friends. of course, not all pollen. green's in the atmosphere are shown here has to mall. our job is to count them difficulty, what's the percentage of damaged, grand design explorer, and are they harmful to how it's curious cuz it's interesting to for us on the dates, the researchers want to better understand what happens between a poland grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere, so that recreating this interaction in the power train, the poland is intentionally damaged when if it's a free on a boss follow confidence interval rules are fallen, must suffer. this is the revenge of people with allergies. if i start with a stream of ozone told me that arrives here, and then i dropped the call into i look into this makes the ozone molecules reacted with the surface of the following graham. but that's what interests me in this experimental ethics styles. logic off of bundles and movie it was on. sometimes we talk about good and bad, always on the ozone in the upper atmosphere protects us from certain ultraviolet

rays, if you and does, therefore in good assistance, you may also, and i would like ground level. oh, so it's in the lower layers of air where we live. this is a pollutant location exposing will put in and uh now expose the poland to a slightly higher dose of ozone. it's equivalent to a peak exposure that happens in the summer time when there's a lot of air pollution as the bodies he subjects the polluted fall into a series of test. an intact pollen grain cannot end uh longs. it's too large and is stopped by on nasal has. however, if the grain breaks, it releases particles containing allergenic proteins. these can enter, the broan killed tubes undergo outages. so asthma the researchers are subjecting the pollen to the kinds of stress may experience out in the wild. one example these rain, which typically causes the grains to explode. those polling that's purposefully

polluted in the lab rupture more easily and want to unhealthy poland. now the issue out especially is how much of the poland is damaged. ringback the want you to introduce followed by a mechanical shock test pulling that sweat dumped by the wind. can collide with buildings and windshields, especially incentives? and then what happens if he's a sense, healthy and polluted, poland, crashing against the surface in a pond to go measuring device. then he calculates the number of grains that have been ruptured sold to lot 40 show their, their fish found that air pollution week into the pollen green. so it's making it pro interruption. poly today is more likely to trigger asthma attacks is because it breaks more easily in the atmosphere a present. the suggested goal at seeing measurement with us will pretend that

a fix our footprint on a micro scale future clark law. i think our human activities have altered and polluted everything, even on small scale. so what do we use as a share to actually move the topic off that cling onto all the not released from human activities. so the particles are released from comp traffic. an oxide is inc, and manganese particles are released through industrial processes scientists . so just beginning to understand the significance of arrow plant on to of the systems and its inhabitants. and all the while humans continue to pollute the must be in the book. we do computing force, you know, tomorrow we burn lots of fossil fuels for transportation. proceed. do it for industry to, to discuss the, the food, a sofa sort of, to ality for to i today, large buyers can be seen from space, for example, and also a functional,

this is all new c o nice, you know, manage all the forest fires are common phenomenon triggered by global warming or short walk you mentioned to, to see call these fires, or at least gas as an particles into the atmosphere above. the sky is above us, inhospitable. we're essentially burning down our planet as we burn cold oil and wood residential areas and daily activities generate huge amounts of particles and gases such as carbon dioxide, me say, and nitrogen oxides or the atmosphere as composition is radically changing. and that impacts aero pine tone and then it's just the most of the atmosphere. its circulation includes several car

doors or flo highways and that are influenced by low and high pressure areas. big lemmings. they determine the movement of air currents and does a didn't get it in fantasy use. i don't know. it's in game. we now know that this circulation could be changed by climate change. you know, sometime your be monday. so the next few minutes beyond certain winds and currents that have been stable for hundreds or thousands of years can change and the tendonitis wouldn't impact ecosystem for that. and how organisms are destroyed. you simply have to that effect though it was a stainless or least the knowledge of arrow biology is progressing. new research questions that constantly explode. the scientists of long assume that micro organisms were passive during the journey through the atmosphere. the theory was that they effectively entered a sort of high donation by doing that time until returning to the ground mounted,

it appears. some do manage to remain active, but walk in, they do in such a hostile surroundings. that's one of the questions p. i'm a to is exploring on the pleated on, you know, val, now, who's on the menu system on the new as of the cloudy weather today is great for cloud sampling. it's not yet freezing, but it almost feels like it don't call me. it says this is a nice big cloud that will give us lots of samples on us from on envelope enable the, at all. no thunder. no, that's clearly we were installing a droplet separator. it's essentially a cloud vacuum cleaner that we can use to collect the particle of these little cloud droplets better suspended in the air. to do that, then you guys will also know the push them against the surface so that they trickle down. because then we can position the bile underneath and collect them till the

party collected on the 2nd floor for this announced pounds of floating water systems. the covers some 67 percent of the surface for ero paint on clouts, all i know waste is there is someone. so if want to as well as food, things to prom, debris in the water droplets. and when it rains, the arrow punk, don't get a ride back down to the ground. so inventive isn't back, take on my specific disease or doesn't i want to know how it bacteria lives in such a cloud. and i know you have huge amounts of droplets here, and there's roughly one bacterium, and every 10000 over him is that curia may be isolated from each other. is do they interact with each other? and if so, how long? what does it like for them to be all alone? and are they all alone? or all the all gathered in one droplet and the surrounding space is bigger than we think it's in the office because it also says welcome on

a. i want to know how this life sustains itself because that's exactly what it does, that it's not just up to 50 percent of bacteria in a cloud can be alive. they spend $3.00 to $10.00 days suspended in that. which means there's plenty of time for something to happen. like old living things by tyria or constantly making different proteins to cling to adults to bond, to go to protect themselves from uv radiation or to produce digestive enzymes, researches looking account one to to detect these tiny traces of life. it seems like duty fun. this was on and you as an adult and you as even some bacteria continue living in cloud. so you know, they absorb nutrients like carbon and i told you this nutrient seal. do you also is it released c o 2. when they expire, the more that also molecules like sugars, to better stick to surface that i didn't show 1st. don't care who's looking at the

that's the next. hopefully, i'll see, you know, there are many possible interactions on the, some we pointed out between a micro organism and its environment. the water droplets listed as to the, the incredible diversity of bacteria and phone guy in p. i'm a toes experiments reflects microtubules, lights in the pounds, but life in yeah, is not easy. experts now believe that the atmosphere is not a habitat in the conventional sense. all happens to be a remains a transit station, a tiny organisms the

some years ago. an astonishing discovery caused quietest among arrow biologists, a bacterium known to be abundant in nature, ending clowns was set to be capable of producing right. bio precipitation was coined to describe the rain making bacteria. a stunning revelation for people in the field of arrow biology, meteorology, and agricultural science. as a most all day in southern france, cindy morris is researching the curious ability of these bacteria. its name, sued them on us, so we can get the

loaner ring. the can live on the surface of clothes, some clothes, disease at home. okay, the melodies, julie, i conducted a little experiment to show you what this bacteria does to prolong pro fair. are they pumped cindy morris spray the outer leaves the base while the light is with a solution containing the bacteria, the leaves in the middle. when not, then the plant was placed in a freezer at a temperature of minus 6 degrees for a few minutes. all was good, you can see a delta prolong tissue that was to bacteria has frozen and then dried out this a shape but the tissue was out. the bacteria is in 1st, as all the pseudo minus the ring gay bends bonds by freezing them. a gene in the bacterium makes a protein that can create ice crystals. it uses the crystals to destroy the palm

samples and feed on them. as it's believe the when found in counts these ice nucleation actors, bacteria speed up the formation of ice crystals which are essential for precipitation. it works in a test tube, at least to most se, so on, on the coupon on barco shows that everyone knows you come prepared, the ice cube trays for a policy at the last minute because it takes time. okay, you need an excessive rates. it's a for use falls, so cocoa shows key, don't i don't have to incite this to you. i have a suspension. was bacteria if the speed, the pseudo and the 3 for mall play, testing. but i'll show you what happens when i add some of it. and it just builds darrow, which is not like to but the low,

low display stereo. the way as you can see, it's really the how does this phenomenon walk in the outside? well, is it possible for ice nucleation active bacteria to rise into the air from plants make contact with a cloud? and to activate this gene to phone range from the fire?

precipitation seems promising. scientists are gaining a better understanding of how the founded sacraments. they are connected through the rain cycle and micro organisms like suit amount us a ring gay on that they measure heat. sushi, a measurement suggest that they can drive requirements rainy cycles, depend that rain today will affect the rain full of the future cost through interaction as rush me then class will be at the clone. all micro organisms are using 5 y, and they say it's most about the amount of right. yeah, they have to top the frequency of rain bus or like quantity to pick you told me so that's like on space and then a small frequent rainfall with the help of plans that provide the right bacteria to the atmosphere. cindy morris is part of an international team of researchers who are imagining a new form of accurate account. yeah. they envision growing plants,

the shoes in special fields designed to encourage the growth of ice nucleation active bacteria. perhaps one day the special ero pants on organisms could even find droughts in certain areas. that's just one idea of how we could transform the world. if we pay more attention to these mysterious organisms in the yeah, the

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dw the this is the w news fly from the land, donald trump pleads not guilty in a washington colt. the form of us president is charged with placing a criminal conspiracy while still in office 2 over 200 biden's 2020 election victory. h as cool.