in the international community has no right to stay silent, because silence is always the torture is a couple of the these places in europe are smashing the record step into an old adventure. it's the treasure map for modern globetrotters. discover some of us record breaking size on drawbacks youtube. and now also in the book form the if you will from the city. you might not know that those rooms improve the quality and structure of soil. and they also play a decisive role in el paso with climate change, because they're responsible for storing huge amounts of c o 2 in the ground. but 1st, let's focus on our memory. we still saw show,

with the reports about remembering, followed by another about just guessing will come to tomorrow today to science program on dw, the can you still remember your 1st cuz you fast date the 1st time you've spent a lot. don't forget, simple move and it's like those get stored, you know, that's a subject memory. it's one of the various forms of memory that imagine different stages of life. so different functions our 1st to memory traces are formed in utero. the sound of its mother's voice is a fetus. is initial introduction to its mother tongue mind. this is right now. it's very quiet. next, probably sleeping very relax. does this every weekend?

right now it's very quiet. probably sleeping we develop inability to remember in infancy. babies can memorize the faces of their closest family members, although at 6 months they only remember what they've experienced in the last 24 hours. by the age of 9 months, babies are storing memories for several weeks. and by 20 months, for a full year, the ad 1st learning to walk is challenging. what's called procedural memory plays a vital role here. this is a type of implicit memory that age, the performance of particular tasks supported by the body, sense of balance and sensory data. it controls actions that we do automatically into old age. by the age of 2 or 3,

we've developed an explicit memory, enabling the conscious recollection of events. our earliest childhood memories, usually deep back to this time. the development of linguistic skills into memory are closely linked. language makes it easier to remember information. lice to this house lies in d h 2 h gas t i lisp so sexy out between the ages of 3 and 5 children begin to plan ahead with the help of the prospective memory. it allows them to remember to do something at a particular time. the basis for planned future oriented behavior, the semantic memory develops when children start school, hoping them to remember fact i submitted, is there a pep, hallucinations, ponce and come to that phones to on the call to lose the loss?

is there was nothing i'm going to learning goes hand in hand with a marked improvement in long term memory. our teenage years and early adulthood occupied a special place in our memory, the intensity and novelty of our 1st sexual experiences. for example, in short, these memories stay with us forever. memories of formed between the ages of 15 and 25, that account for what's known as the reminiscence bump. nursing mothers often suffer from temporary memory loss for a long time. it was thought that there, but que your hormonal balance was responsible to the scientists attribute another cause to the memory loss. the mother's sleep deprivation. the episodic memory allows us to go on a journey into the past. it's where very special personal experiences are stored.

but starting at the age of 50, that capacity begins did window, and we start forgetting more often. cubic stream old age. episodic memory can be badly damaged, but somehow memories from childhood and adolescence still remain intact. the in contrast to the short term memories of old people, which often aren't retained at all the we develop routines to give a range of break habits. determine 50 percent of all the daily decisions means effectively going on. ultra pilot, freedom of time to make other more implants of decision the it's just as well. we don't have to walk out

a new plan every morning. so what to wear house and brush my teeth? oh tile shoelaces. that's why routine habits come in handy. they enable us to drink a cup of tea or coffee while reading the paper with so a custom to these activities from requisitions that the store and all subconscious and happened automatically. these unnoticed habits, a hard wired into our brain in a kind of energy conserving default. but we also have routines that govern perhaps less productive aspects of our lives. that's the of to dinna mode hitting the couch, grabbing the tv remote and some candy. and does the couch routine is also embedded in all subconscious, it can be a tough habit to kick the jill tons can remember practically every single she's ever experience. she's one of the, just a few dozen people worldwide. who's been diagnosed with height. this on easy name

is the dates and they will recall the memories of that day and visit details. for all the personal pros and cons, the individuals involved could be a blessed thing for science as developing medication in the fight against out time is an dimension for getting isn't about our brain failing for scientists like on to be as pop password 0, palace remembering and forgetting are 2 sides of the same coin. much is known about the mechanisms of remembering, but he wants to better understand the process for getting the best to here is to help. brain is designed to forget things, kind of believe it or not, it's forgetting actually uses energy. i'm taking some from that fact alone. we can tell the process, forgetting and cause very important. these to go. it puts us our brain

can process the huge amount of input that it receives every 2nd of every day. it proceeds every thing, but doesn't save it all. it completely forgets many things automatic. when we're out and about, our brain absorbs impressions of everything. people, treaties, house street cars, every thing if these impressions are retained as memories, nerve cells that take part in the memory process have to be connected by this synopsis. but not all impressions, images and memories remain. the majority of st options are blocked by a certain protein. then they can't bind anymore. this results in these impressions not being saved. we don't retain memories from the majority of these impressions

which balances out the state of remembering and forgetting. andrea is puzzled to you wrote this once to find out whether a newly discovered gene found in people with hyper, if i mystic syndrome acts like a switch that regulates or inhibits for getting these guys. and then we can take this step unlimited helps them in the process. it's smaller than a centimeter long and an optimal research subject for the scientists, it's a model organism. the intent to introduce the gene to the name it towed that prevents memories from being forgotten. if they're successful, they can test how it works. their forms have to kind of form has no brain, but it has 302 nerve cells. that's enough to allow it to engage in complex behavior

excess for how name adults can learn. and forget. we know, for example, somebody that these nerve cells here, these in particular, are very important for learning processes. other nerve cells are important for motor and move mach processes, and that's why we use the name until the thing. preventative is important. what effect will the gene have on the name? it towed. so yeah. whenever we're not, we can inject a plasma tvs into the scientists inject the worms with the human gene that prevents forgetting the gene was discovered in people with hyper. so i must have syndrome the gene transfer should produce worms that can't forget. the fluorescent material indicates the name of drugs who have been injected with the gene

the. now the question is whether or not these words can forget. these are straight to service. this is a very important step because we can now research this one. this gets nervous system and what characteristics they have after they've been injected with the gene . that's how we get to know how these human genes work. this message again, from the scientists hypothesis, is that the gene that hinders forgetting, sends out proteins that become active in the scene. absence of the brain that's where the normal process of automatically forgetting his blog that has the consequences that all of the impressions and memories don't disappear, but are permanently saved in the brain. the. the researchers work with 2 groups of worms, the so called and treated wild age,

and the glowing ones that have been injected with genes their behavior should show if and how the human gene impacts the process of for getting gain isn't that through the genes. are there to produce protein jesus and this is gene is obviously producing a protein that leads to forgetting to forget. so now we can inhibit this protein, put it in time. and we can do that with various methods including discovering substances that bind to it and inhibited vendor. so hopefully we'll also be able to inhibit forgetting here hoffman and help us for guessing him in the discovery could bring researchers closer to caring, alzheimer's dementia and other diseases considered and tackle kind of inside our discovery can contribute to treating alzheimer's disease. how do we get to them, and this most of them, hopefully we've now discovered a mechanism that's related to forgetfulness,

not the one that leads us to forgetting useful because now that we know that, and if we can identify substances that influence this gene. so we'll forget, less untruthful, investigator advantage. i guess what kind of a huge step for scientists and researchers now on to the humble us when it's much larger than the tiny nematode in the last report. but it's just as blind in depth. the biggest populations of us williams live in europe, the northeastern united states, new zealand, children in those places. then early on that the terrestrial invertebrates are extremely beneficial. they keep social error rates it and, and show that it has a healthy librium, which in ton benefits the climate to what impacts the increasing drug tubs on our forest, especially on their ability to store carbon. it's a question that researchers in switzerland i've been investigating for almost 2

decades. the every gate to parts of a forest and compare them with dryer sections. to their surprise, significant differences became apparent after just a few years. there was a in here the so here is really black lock which means it contains a lot of carbon vehicle in so so it, so now let's look at the soil on the dry surface as a how is it less carbon than the gear? a gated soil the co installed, i think, to move something floats of the importance of forest soils and soaking up c o. 2 had been underestimated until relatively recently. this research just highlighted the impact of drugs and the ability of souls to store carbon for them as we were talking to them before the experiment. we didn't expect to be able to measure any changes in carbon content because it usually takes centuries to linear for the carbon reservoir to change significantly. yeah. here we have 50 percent more carbon

in the top soil in the year. a gated area when stuff in the researches have learned that soils store up to 5 times as much carbon as the vegetation above drained. the big question is what leads to such a significant carbon increase in the grow and over such a short time period? the serious that organisms in the soil conduct the deputy or liquor layer on top to soil, carbon fuel ecologist, and kind of the one uses trucks containing foods to identify those organisms the health. so that's the main de composers are earth forms besides them. there are also would life and might civic sign, although they play a far smaller role in the process than earthworms. so you can go the research here wants to determine how many air forms are active in the soil here. for this experiment, the applies to mixture of mustard water to a small section of ground. if this is tied to incorrectly,

once the mixture has filtered down into the soil, the mustard water irritates the earth worms and forces them to creep up to the surface where we can pick them up printed on from the old population. hopefully, using guns clear, we have a very small, newly hatched. we're missing a baby. and be will come to a total of 50 swarms per square meter and projected to cover all forest soil's knots an enormous bio mass. so the asked worms must be quantity. the carbon content has increased so much, and the irritated section of the forest. the geosciences repeats the test and the plots of the forest that was not totally gated. how many worms are working? the soil here? dell not wait, wait it ages without seeing a single worm of he discovered that s williams are no longer active with the water content to mess on the measuring the c o 2 balance shows the dry soil's bind much less c o 2 and be then here again and so i ordered the fuel and this is due to less

carbon, being distributed by earth. worms in the top soil installs the wish leak and go on to me not valuable in silicon, but does the large scale irrigation of conduct for this forest is not a viable solution. finding how good on is looking for alternatives. and nature delivers here to a comparison test he conducted showed that 20 times as many earthworms live in the said you as far as, as in can net for this one's a result that suggests a change. of course, in forestry management, the detailed flies by storing more carbon would require increasing the proportion of hardwoods. so this would stimulate earthworm activity be more organic soil or shoot. this could also increase the proportion of carbon and soil and agriculture. scientists from the german center for integrative bio diversity and light sake fund that next to me, new 2 arms are active and intensively fund soils. it's

a very different story with organic farming. when you have you got to off, when you break up the aggregates here in the ground, you can see that despite the soil being so dry, there's still a little bit of water. okay, cool. and that crumbling texture is characteristic of an earthworm activity. look, this content decisions. so things are my content. human is the largest carbon reservoir on land. but there's being precious little research carried out into the role of f forms in this research to get it just wants to find out how they can vac dead plants matter. and the sugar contains in the process, storing carbon in the soil for centuries. is discovered that in addition to secrete things stable carbon as forms improve the carbon balance in the cycle via their skin. so we never kind of what's less known 5,

what was not known at all is that the mucus secreted by years were indeed stimulates the microbes in this oil to such a degree that they grow and build up bio mass like some of your muscle. and this bio mass on that's ultimately stabilized into soil when the microbes die out of carbon has been bound in this oil and can no longer be emitted a c o 2, resulting in a cooler climate groups that every year about 10 times more c o 2 escapes from cycles into the atmosphere and it's produced by the learning fossil fuels performs in hybrid forest and organic farming. helped to store carbon over the long term. the unlikely little helpers in the fight against climate change. to that's a nice specimen. climate change means that species traditionally at home in the south, a migrating further and further north. the procession very most is native to southern and central europe,

but is now also spreading to germany and sweden. the castle put his vault has can cause serious invitation for human skin responses range from cutting down trees to assessing the mess and the host is on fire. the spraying of pesticides is also widespread, but that is a progressive solution even if it might not. additionally, look like it's dennis a car use is pulling out the big guns to get rid of some little pest from a suitable distance the fires into the nest of the oak procession, every caterpillars next to an outdoor swimming pool. the idea is to introduce a deadly fungus to the nest via these reg gelatin balls. they were created by scientists from the university of applied sciences in getting in and are being tested in the field today. of those kinds of meat on me. let's play from 30 meters away, the fungus spreads out about the size of a face. i could do this, the nets are bigger than that. so we need one or 2 shots to cover the whole mess

with this. like we 1st look at the tips of the leaves and use up and once we found areas that have been heat and we tracked down and asked by following them towards the trunk of the red balls contain bavaria bussey on a fungus that spreads inside the insect and kills them. when the professor was gone, who has spent years researching the various methods of combating the pesky oak procession? every caterpillar is favorite is firing. the deadly fungus directly into the nest that goes to any support is on. and it's a naturally occurring animal, pathogenic fungus, which is a fancy way of saying that it kills insects and have the, we extracted the fungus from this oil. i packed it into a ball and shot it into the nest of the old procession area. within the 8 hours and it killed the caterpillar students into to, to hold them up year in germany, the oak procession every month. and it has become a real summer plague. and recent years it has few natural enemies. local

authorities have been spending tens of thousands of bureaus on combining the caterpillars and even vacuuming them up, dice, and put the search to nice stuff. the real danger from the old procession every box is that it goes through several different life cycle. so during the 1st 2, they don't yet have any pretzels or set to one. they start developing the 3rd larval stage. at that point, they're very small and fine and wouldn't bother and adult human. but as of the 4th stage, they can cause caterpillar dermatitis, homes get ministries. in some cases it can lead to an end of electric shock. them a reckoning of the i wouldn't even lung problems because the hair is getting stuck there. but in the, in the loop system, another substance being sprayed on trees, contained specialist 3rd, gm's us or b t. it's considered a buyer's side because the bacteria disables and kills the o procession every month. but it also kills other beneficial insects.

was gone, the boy and his team did some tests on how the substance works. the shocking results prompted him to advise against any large scale deployment. it turns out that the bt spray also kills the few remaining natural predators of the month, such as each newman wasps and certain types of bands allotted for safari, stressful things. but the problem is that we're killing their enemies at the same time. so in the long run, we may even be strengthening the oak recessionary population to last years test showed that for every 2 dead oh procession, every months, one beneficial insect guide as well the. they included beetles, various bugs, ads and acumen. it was great. so is the rifle method more sustainable with less collateral damage? experts from various authorities are curious to see the 1st results. this is what

the next looks like. after just 8 hours, the caterpillars are completely invested and dead and were assured that the fungus is also good and won't spread outside the nest. the pin is van fungus is heat sensitive. at $25.00 degrees celsius, ok, it's gross start slowing down and it stops completely at $28.00 degrees. right? so if it comes into contact with a warm blooded body, it stops growing very quickly and even dies christmas and progressive vertebrates separate. it's completely harmless, as big ones. yep. a toyota, you said, furnish doors. the pellets are shrunk directly into the nest so that the fungus doesn't impact any insects outside of the affected area. they couldn't use content . that's kind, we can't guarantee that even a few unimed in, in organisms, it could be effected either, but only it's very small numbers up and see. i think that's on one side. one

visitor asks what happens afterwards to the projectile is launched in the trees and beyond from hoping things for me to buy a minus 5. let's test it out. that's why they dissolve and disappear, that they go ugly and completely mailed the way we've already done tests. of course, we have turn. i was supposed to get an opportunity to read. munition is made out of gelatine and not plastic arborist and project collaborator, dennis a congress, takes things a step further and wraps the areas around the nations with glue and the going to unfold. normally they go out to find food in the evening, and starting at the tips, eat out the skeletons of the lease. in the morning, they return to the nestle. so you'd expect to find a line of mazda caterpillars on the glue. but since we can't see that, it means that the fungus work live from the only real drawback is the red tape. german regulation stipulate that most gardeners 1st need a permit to be able to use the suit up air rifle in public

that's it. with this addition of tomorrow, today, d w's science magazine. thanks for watching em. see you next time until then say curious, the, the the

pretty clear through their own actions. their ultimate goal is to wipe out an entire city. doing these 2 to send the week or the week of this in china and oppressed minority, the international community has no right to stay silent because silence is always the torture is accomplished. in good shape. it's silver. so tile. so individual, so beautiful. but what if it's suddenly falls out?

our hair is hair grow anyway. how can you take care of it? and how can avoid hair loss? and what about women? dw, the might see me. how much can we do simultaneously? multitasking diesel, modern meds? because if we do too much at one video, wrong, a mess, things up risking brain damage. so let's stop this self sabotage humans and multitasking watch. now, on youtube, v. w documentary,

the, every jenny is surprises, me is gone all out to give you some of the right people in your northern most count the police the free time, but still very much alive. your guy to the special most often gemini, recognizes where exactly it was fun, learned a lot of our culture history, travel extremely worth a visit. the

this is dw, and use that life. i'm barely in saudi arabia per past to hold a peace conference for you. train us all the countries come to.