cranes, infrastructure damaged by the war form of ukraine and chelsea. striker and restrictions go and many others took part in the effort to benefit ukraine's true need region where many schools have been destroyed. also joining in words, your franco. so picture shift and jimmy forward hatch will bank with guest appearances from a host of other big names. and we will end it there up next, we've got a documentary film taking a closer look at the microscopic ecosystems of insects, pollen and bacteria that live within versus atmosphere. unlike local bye, for now the not just the other day so much is happening all at once. we take time to understand this is the day and in depth look. news events analyzed by experts and critical thinkers. pieces with

weekdays on dw, the . we live in a well surrounded by and take a glass of gases and want to make up the on site, must be and shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. and these lands on teeming with life. insects seats, poland, and bacteria. floats in the atmosphere. similar to the tanks on the drink with ocean currents, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind, a cold arrow plank. and for several decades, ero biology is focused on these organisms. the pizza branch of biology that's long been under appreciated. era biology is starting to movement of life in the atmosphere,

whether the tiny organisms in a cloud, the rain dropped or in the cost of a desert wind. learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio diversity health and the climate. understanding how they influence our lives and the global animal and plant well is increasingly important. swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch. the mysterious ecology is to be full of discoveries just waiting to be discovered. the one that i placed on the, to the one to, to receive up here. you have the feeling you're far away from everything for them to choose, but that's exactly the point we want to find out if there's life at this altitude and what type of music all of you either can when you have a book in there,

circling, constructed on the wind is blowing at about 20 kilometers per hour on. so a particle travel is a remarkable tony kilometers per hour. sounds like you to minutes. let's click on see the on. yeah, i'm a to at the institute of chemistry, oakland mall fell in central. france wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. today he's on this time it's up to predict them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters to setting up time tom trunk set the observatory traps on essentially vacuum cleaners. the capture dice, select the tiny apple and travelers when p i'm a to looks into the skies. he knows that anything but empty the atmosphere around this is bustling with life. to escape unless 5th, the under. so now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface . okay, and so the mirror image of the brown's best is also known as most fish,

all very dynamic oxygen that is moving and makes things some a long day off today wins. sweep over all of a surfaces staring apple types of particles. so it's like less and living there and feasible to the naked eye, but it constantly around us. these particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tests on the ground. the the aerosols, brian's about taurus, they can contain leaf dunst, poland, moans, and bacteria. the they mix together different mclinden footprints of this forest, which spreads across the whole. over a meadow,

there might be grass clippings, small insects, and minuscule traces of sheets for over a highway. a cloud might form of tie up particles, oil of droplets, and fine dust, high altitude winds mix the air, results, and transport them far away. the this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms in the arrow penton sweat to long body and currents. the place del boucher and manuela paula shay welk at the national research institute about agriculture of food and environment in midland, in west and fronds collecting samples from this fund. a line strunk just positioned in the middle of the fields. it's essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. there's

a strong as so from the trap. the position in uh, i just met through it though, if it, by exact ammonia in a good 12 meters high, then on or 40 feet to be exact. because it's an english models was metal. any of this at the which up to late, we don't want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters about the ground them. but rather organisms that were swept into the air goes and travel greater distance to the point they don't send. they don't have to do the picture so long since that that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region for your website on the 13th this device wants to do it also nicer. a wednesday who is very good news. there are even lifeline because he wrote this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insane. so the largest organisms in arrow painted and they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters depending on the size

and the wind speed. the dr. song saying everything that policy is by, agricultural scientists use the results to warn the farmers of clouds of a fade. so the past, the trap operates. oh yeah, around the clock. this is really a lot to get to because it's a sunny day use going up. i mean, i'm m as in a say, okay, another one is hiding investors, right? you know, one another a beat leaf, a 5th, the beatles and flies fonts. even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the invisible ariel by swelling above us. the comes on medium uh what about just the countless cells of algae and small presentations in the see the cubic

meter of air above our heads. it contains so many different organisms of that, that includes the board on the wall and bacteria preventive, but also small insect spiders. like daily news, we'll see that she's on sag design. yeah. it's, it's on the organisms, right. the winds like flying compet, the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. and to, to find the

we've known about the existence of arrow paint on to nearly 200 years. which is naturalized charles darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the galapagos in 18. 35. the spiders were entangled in the ships rigging many miles from shaw. and in the 2nd half of the 19th century, french scientist louis past due proved through a series of experiments. the particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal puzzles as to is remembered, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology. tobacco allows it strikes meningitis around that time. scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. a new branch of science was born and wrote biology. scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that $55000.00 bacteria were found in

the bustling, dilute as a by lee in paris. but on the $7600.00 were found among the trees in a box. in the swiss alps the hotel even advertised with assign the claimed only $25.00 bacteria. the then it was the work of legendary pilot charles lindbergh. in the 19 searches he attached and it the save defiance to his pain and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada. collecting a variety of bundles, phones, poland, and micra, l. g. the samples supported the pieces that living things can survive long distance and travel that high altitudes. but in the years that followed arrow biology descended into obscurity and the organism suspended in yeah, somewhat so gotten the

ingredients in satellite imagery. we kindled interest in the late 20th century. scientists discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms or she was so scared the push the hell. so i'm of the way down to the when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture, you see that it's carried away with the airflow and things like that. it's the same in the atmosphere. now, the mass of these particles is so small that once airborne, they stay there and follow the as, oh, i see, yes, feel, oh cool. now a fond smile to lack researches, the inter continental transport of desert task. he says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing or dust rise from the laundries deserts every year and circulate in the atmosphere. these gigantic dust crowns with the same via satellite images in the 19 ages. aero biologists spend

realized the true extent of circulating aero pine tone. no, but certainly i met you on, you know, i don't know just contains not only mineral matter, but in some cases also living organic material to give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, meals as soon as the dust is kicked out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to completely new place this, which will be the, it's easy for a bacterium, fungal spa, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight. the desert winds does up grains of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact tons of dust and micro organisms. a sucked into room and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers

the hold up a wall street. and we can track this dusk over long distances. also the supers you satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over this. the hard as that within several hours, the cloud grows and starts moving to the area. i will say the only thing. i'll fast forward. there's what you're telling me what goes set to close mazda pursue days later, you can see these huge dust mass is reaching the atlantic ocean. he of us, with a few days later, they're already over western france. it will cuz they'll likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia a propulsion was showing us coordinated ex, weather conditions high and low pressure areas. boom and cold and current. either cold, the desk booms in or blew them away. they foam and highways, but circle the,

the a kilometer. if they task cloud can cross the atlantic within a week the, the atmosphere is a true transpose of like the book to them at yale and up the matter contains chemical elements. and in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. this increases the sofas or the tail the tiny organisms and arrow pine tone travel incredibly long distance is that high

altitudes. but how do they travel? and how do they affect the ground? the countless micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on us of the body. the guidance emilio cas on manuel is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition and its connections to climate change. he's working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere and almost with a key science by his research is in the spanish baronies the to see the just see the coming from out of the 2 dimensions of the metal

we're and an altitude of over 2000 meters where there's little interference from local air pollution. i'm using pizza. we want to capture micro organisms that's right in the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it the gas in the office instead of going through them, done a lot more so that you'll be going to do this on. we gathered rainwater in the collector for one week and the sample includes micro organisms and small particles. we collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and i don't know one of them which, which, which, which, which, which the most part people us get the most i can hear. you can see the particle. so like, you know, what's the best part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and was talking to a lot of people that sort of that because there are organic particles like bacteria,

it fun guy, holland. and it was on the but also in organic ones like clay silicates and minerals that come from far away is almost because he's been in for a lot of them with us. what are some of those take us about a year and could be just from africa, for example, the 3rd which was transported them, yet my sphere system was washed out by the rain and the light. that's what we're capturing here. the water is probably running. there are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this building immediately means that the me unit in griffin is these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cod throughout us history, once the particles lined again, the tiny travelers have a significant impact on ecosystems some bacteria and help boost pond to growth by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil, and recycled dead organic matter. viruses and microscopic modes regulate animal

and plant life. so let me throw and these will stick when they'll gain. when these micro organisms land in, they can colonize new habitat. we wednesdays, there's an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that i'm the, allowing them to colonize the entire planet. there's small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is whatever and create new life. even even though there's already a, somebody that'll be the media cast them i yours team started micro organisms in rain want to the is and with the help of weather data, trace the arrow pine tons, pathways the scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent the streams of arrow pointing to them came from and they discovered some remarkable patterns of the in the summer arrow plant on tends to

be local. it rises from the farmlands of spain and northern europe above cities, rivers and lakes. but in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine till him come primarily from the atlantic ocean bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and to send over the mountains. already had left the middle resort that it was going to be un, what you better when we analyze the initial results of storm xavier and june, we noticed in trends that recur annually, this was an amazing discovery. how is it possible that the same micro organisms appear at the same time every year? i see those up, but it's gonna be moving. we know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. here are some plants growing. the spring of this growing the summer months and the cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere, so used to speak last time, you know, quote in and i'm with of the streams of

arrow pine tone and not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason . the microbial mazda is the rise and settle at the own cycles and seasons, just like bands, flowers, and bumble bee, the but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat. among the multitude of microbes calling the skies a some to um say that humans can microscopic aero pine tone. make us sick. the on the flip flop. need yes. most of the people used to talk about my as a medic. x relations when it came to airborne diseases. also the prevention wasn't possible back then. the method of transmission wasn't really yet known, because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. you know, some of the,

the failed to submit this real nice old notion of a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. we now know that all microbes and viruses floating into yeah, which can infect humans, animals and plants. but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb . with the help of the wind over several kilometers. a dead condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia. the many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil. a microscopic taking time, bombs, the shopping. you visited, the visual, put those in a symbol. there are some pretty dangerous pathogenic, fun guy. the,

to the hospitals are mindful of this because in soil, in sand and move during construction workers and their adverse wins. this is asked for deal a sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic loading, unloading for you. what is it to them? you don't need to be sees of the genus as for dealers are found everywhere. you're including in the atmosphere acute, or if they appear in large amount, they're dangerous to him. you know, compromise that the gross, you know, the degree of what we keep switching to manage the science as shown. pathogens can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distance is of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven . the font that isn't solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a long distances of several 100 kilometers. the

reason for them to those very easy to few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very long distance is so question deals that the corona virus was studied in the laboratory for its vulnerability and it turned out it's very sensitive to alex to yeah, a cause did you be radiation and dryness, quickly kill and render a virus harmless when it's suspended in the air outside optimal vapor tree. if i didn't think of it, the atmosphere is even more dangerous. but viruses than insects. only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. it's trying to see by google and hold on to the activity, but there's a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly with some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because they're mostly dead. the only most we're talking about traces of genetic material. so spiral bacterial occurs acidic, but not a live virus. is this into a box, the lives of people. the men say look, you know,

it's very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick. a lot. it takes a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies have strong defense and most likely to always low level who the follows the login's immune systems of vigilance. now for the last most infectious diseases today, transmitted by a different kind of and pop the way through our planes. passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. in spring time, poland takes its ton on this giant at carousel pollen grains produced themselves. they often travel far and wide, and reproduce with a female gummy of other trees. this is beneficial to many living beings.

the little med johnny, the pollen grains couldn't break releasing irritants, but make poland allergy is a widespread problem of the at the university of little in france, you called all visa and now the usual on studying poland, they've captured from the yeah, they're examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter at pollutants. and this guy over there so far, let me adjust this the live. what else did they put on the x to is

this this poland has truly exploded on the national to credit. they know this is the sample from the books pulled and sees it, they could help cause that's where you can float the pole in this crack. so just to pay for what is what is a subset. so not long that it's deflated. the their protective membrane is really shred, okay? if they how long they should get this, the one for the next week. i see it's near, we see the broken pole in a for which lost its original reproductive function. you can also see the release of the small particles, which are dangerous for people with as minus. that's it for by clock, as it's immeasurable because all to become friends. of course, not all pollen. green's in the atmosphere are shown here used to mall. our job is

to count them difficulty. what's the percentage of damage? grand design, explore and not a harmful to how it's curious cuz it's interesting to for us on the dates, the researchers want to better understand what happens between a poland grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere. so that recreating this interaction in the power train, the poland is intentionally damaged when, if it's a feeling about the final confidence interval roles are fallen, must suffer. this is the revenge of people with allergies. if i start with a stream of ozone that's pulled in that arrives here and then i dropped the fallen into i look into this makes the ozone molecules reacted with the surface of the following graham, but that's with interest to me in this experimental ethics styles. logic off of bundles and movie it was on. sometimes we talk about good and bad always on the ozone in the upper atmosphere protects us from certain ultraviolet rays, if you and does, therefore in good substitute, he would now find out like ground level. oh,

so it's in the lower layers of air where we live. this is a pollutant location exposing we'll put in and uh now expose the poland to a slightly higher dose of ozone. it's equivalent to a peak exposure that happens in the summer time when there's a lot of air pollution as the bodies he subjects the polluted fall into a series of test of an intact pollen grain cannot end uh longs. it's too large and is stopped by on nasal has. however, if the grain breaks, it releases particles containing allergenic proteins. these can enter the broan killed tubes and triggered outages. all asthma the researchers are subjecting the pollen to the kinds of stress may experience out in the wild. one example these rain, which typically causes the grains to explode. those polling that's purposefully polluted in the lab rupture more easily and want to unhealthy poland. now the issue

out especially is how much of the poland is damaged. ringback the want you to introduce followed by a mechanical shock test. pulling that sweat dumped by the wind. can collide with buildings and windshields, especially in cities? and then what happens if he's a sense, healthy and polluted, poland, crashing against the surface in a pond to go measuring device. then he calculates the number of grains that have been ruptured sold to lot 40 show their, their fish found that air pollution week into the pollen grain. so it's making it pro interruption, palm and today is more likely to trigger asthma attacks is because it breaks more easily in the atmosphere present to suggest the goal at seeing measurement with us . we don't pretend that affects our footprint on a micro scale, future clark or i think our human activities have altered and polluted everything, even on small scale. so what do we use as

a share to actually move the topic off that cling onto all the not released from human activities. so the particles are released from comp, traffic and oxide is inc. and manganese particles are released through industrial processes. scientists such as the beginning to understand the significance of arrow plant on to of the systems and its inhabitants and all the while schumann continue to pollute the must be in the book. we do computing force, you know, tomorrow we burned lots of fossil fuels for transportation, proceed do it for industry to, to discuss the, the flu. us also sort of daily for twice a day. large buyers can be seen from space, for example, and also a functional. this is all new c o nice, you know, manage all g for us to buy or is there a common phenomenon triggered by global warming or should walk?

you mentioned to, to see call these fires or at least gases in particles, into the atmosphere across the sky is above us, inhospitable, where essentially burning down our planet as we burn, co oil and would the residential areas and daily activities generate huge amounts of particles and gas is such as carbon dioxide, me say, and nitrogen oxides or the atmosphere as composition is radically changing. and that impacts aero plant on major and currents even at risk. and then the system that i most of the atmosphere ex circulation includes several car doors or flo highways

that are influenced by low and high pressure areas. typical names they determine the movement of air currency and because they didn't get any field test. but if i don't know it's ok, we now know that this circulation could be changed by climate change, the month of july, the next few minutes be certain winds and currents that have been stable for hundreds or thousands of years can change. and the something that just wouldn't impact ecosystem for and how organisms or distribution plant that effect on was that was the stainless, all of these things that are sort of nice knowledge of arrow biology is progressing. new research questions that constantly explode. the scientists of long assume that micro organisms were passive during that journey through the atmosphere. the theory was that they effectively entered a sort of hyphenation by doing that time until returning to the ground mounted, it appears some do manage to remain active for a walk and they do in such

a hostile surroundings. that's one of the questions p. i'm a to is exploring on the pleated on, you know, val, now was all the menu system, all know the new as of the cloudy weather today is great for cloud sampling. it's not yet freezing, but it almost feels like it. you said, don't call me it says this is a nice big cloud that will give us lots of samples on us. come on in the, at all. no thunder. you know the study, we're installing a droplet separator. it's essentially a cloud vacuum cleaner that we can use to collect the particle of these little cloud droplets better suspended in the air. to do that, then you guys will also know the push them against the surface so that they trickle down. because then we can position a bio underneath and collect them all the party collected on the 2nd floor for this . and he also pounds of floating water

systems that covers some 67 percent of the surface. for arrow paint on clouts off an oasis, there is someone so if want to as well as food banks to plant debris in the water droplets. and when it rains, the arrow punk don't get a ride back down to the ground. so inventive isn't back, take on my specific disease or doesn't i want to know how it bacteria lives in such a cloud. and i know you have huge amounts of droplets here, and there's roughly one bacterium. and every $10000.00 over him is that curia may be isolated from each other. does the interact with each other and it's so powerful . what does it like for them to be all alone? and are they all alone? or all the all gathered in one droplet in the surrounding space is bigger than we think it's in the office on the cost and also so i'll come on a, i want to know how this life sustains itself because that's exactly what it does,

that it's not just up to 50 percent of bacteria in a cloud can be alive. they spend $3.00 to $10.00 days suspended in that. which means there's plenty of time for something to happen. like old living things thanks area are constantly making different proteins to cling to adults to bond, to go to protect themselves from uv radiation or to produce digestive enzymes, researches looking a townhome to, to detect these tiny traces of life. a dirty phone. this was on and you as a call to new a as even some bacteria continue living in cloud. so they absorb nutrients like carbon and nitrogen to sutrene that the seal do. you also have to release c o 2 when they expire, the more that also molecules like sugars to better stick to surface. and she'll 1st don't, shep occlusal to the deluxe. hopefully, i'll see, you know,

there are many possible interactions on somebody pointed out between the micro organism and its environment. the water droplets listed as the, the incredible diversity of bacteria and phone guy in p. i'm a toes experiments, reflects micro bills life in the pounds. but life in yet is not easy. experts now believe that the atmosphere is not a habitat in the conventional sense wrapping. so it remains a transit station, a tiny organisms the

some years ago. an astonishing discovery caused quietest among arrow biologists, a bacterium known to be abundant in nature, ending clowns was set to be capable of producing right. bio precipitation was going to describe the rain making bacteria. a stunning revelation for people in the field of aero biology, meteorology, and agricultural science. as a most all day in southern france, cindy morris is researching the curious ability of these bacteria. its name sued them on us so we can get the student loaners to re engage and live on the surface of plum,

some cruise disease. ok, me nowadays. generally i conducted a little experiment to show you what this bacteria does to prolong pro fair. are they pumped cindy morris spray the outer leaves of these while the light is with a solution containing the bacteria, the leaves in the middle, when not, then the plant was placed in a freezer at a temperature of minus 6 degrees for a few minutes. all was good, you can see the plum tissue limits, the bacteria has frozen and then dried out. take this a shape, but the tissue without the bacteria isn't 1st as all pseudo minus the ring gay bands bonds by freezing them. a gene in the bacterium makes a protein that can create ice crystals. it uses the crystals to destroy the palm

samples and feed on them, as it's believe the when found in counts these ice nucleation actors, bacteria speed up the formation of ice crystals which are essential for precipitation. it works in a test tube, at least from on say so on, on the coupon on barco shows that everyone knows you come prepared, the ice cube trays for a policy at the last minute because it takes time. okay, you need an excessive rates. it's a for used falls, so calculus shows key. don't i don't have to incite this to you. i have a suspension. was bacteria if the speed these 2 to minus 3 for malta testing, but i'll show you what happens when i add some of it. is it just builds darrow, we'll just call the tube, the low, low display stereo. the

way as you can see, it's really the how does this phenomenon walk in the outside? well, is it possible for ice nucleation active bacteria to rise into the app from plants make contact with a cloud? and to activate this gene to phone range from the fire?

precipitation seems promising. scientists are gaining a better understanding of how the founded sacraments. they are connected through the rain cycle and micro organisms like suit amount of searing, gay on that they measure heat sues. you measurement suggests that they can drive requirements rainy cycles, depend that rain today will affect the rain full of the future, cost through interaction, natural, raw swing and then class will be at the lawn. alt, i'm micro organisms are using 5 y and they say it's most about the amount of right . yeah, these 2 top, the frequency of rain costs are like quantity to pick you told me so that's like on space and then a small frequent rainfall with the help of plans that provide the right bacteria to the atmosphere. cindy morris is part of an international team of researches who are imagining a new form of accurate call. jeff, they envision growing pond species in special fields designed to encourage the

growth of ice nucleation active bacteria. perhaps one day the special arrow punch on organisms could even find droughts in certain areas. that's just one idea of how we could transform the world. if we pay more attention to these mysterious organisms in the yeah, the

the, the data is by, by every man. a continent bursting with creativity, needs to design is and cultural icons as pretend, lifestyle ad coming as diverse and exciting as the content in itself is free back in 30 minutes on d, w,

the image to many portion. so now in the world time a change story faces more plus the way from just one week. how much was going to really get we still have time to act. i'm going to like this. you'll see about the media that goes in the media and legal law. google, i've got to be done by get, i will stop into that and i'll give you the order. would you, are you able to order that? i'm jo, media dog, currently more people than ever in such a fashion, like, did you have you ever used them in, at the accounting method of doing it like godaddy? how do you find out about all the story in from icons?

the a this is the to the news line from berlin. gabriel and con, found guilty of corruption. police arrest the former pakistani prime minister at his home after court sentences him to 3 years in prison. he calls for supporters to keep up their peaceful protests. and one of the world's top.