to understand the holiness of, with the w for winning offer is available world wide. and for every language level, learning german has never been simpler german to go the if you're from the city, you might not know that those rooms improve the quality instruction of soil. and they also play a decisive role in el paso with climate change. because they're responsible for storing huge amounts of c o 2 in the ground. but 1st, let's focus on our memory. we start associated with the reports about remembering, followed by another about just guessing well come to tomorrow today to

science program on dw, the . can you still remember your 1st kiss? your 1st day? the 1st time you've spent as long as you get simple moments like those get stored, they don't have to. so they can remember it's one of the various forms of memory that imagined different stages of life. so different functions. our 1st the memory traces are formed in utero. the sound of its mother's voice is a fetus. is initial introduction to its mother tongue mind. this is right now. it's very quiet today. it's probably sleeping very relaxed every other week. right now

it's very quiet, probably sleeping we develop inability to remember in infancy, babies can memorize the faces of their closest family members. although at 6 months they only remember what they've experienced in the last 24 hours. by the age of 9 months, babies are storing memories for several weeks and by 20 months, for a full year. the at 1st learning to walk is challenging. what's called procedural memory plays a vital role here. this is a type of implicit memory that age, the performance of particular tasks supported by the bodies sense of balance and sensory data. it controls actions that we do automatically into old age. by the age of 2 or 3, we've developed an explicit memory,

enabling the conscious recollection of events. our earliest childhood memories, usually date back to this time. the development of linguistic skills and a memory are closely linked language makes it easier to remember information. lice to this house lies in d. h to is guess i lisp still says out between the ages of 3 and 5 children begin to plan ahead with the help of that prospective memory. it allows them to remember to do something at a particular time, the basis for planned future oriented behavior. the semantic memory develops when children start school, helping them to remember fact, cuz i submitted their pep illumination fonts and comes that phones on the call to the what is newton. so lots is always nothing. i'm going to learning goes hand in

hand with a marked improvement in long term memory. our teenage years and early adulthood occupies a special place in our memory, the intensity and novelty of our 1st sexual experiences. for example, in short, these memories stay with us forever. memories of formed between the ages of 15 and 25 that account for what's known as the reminiscence bump nursing mothers often suffer from temporary memory loss for a long time. it was thought that there, but que your hormonal balance was responsible to the scientist, to attribute another cause to the memory loss. the mother's sleep deprivation. the episodic memory allows us to go on a journey into the past. it's where very special personal experiences are stored.

but starting at the age of 50, that capacity begins to dwindle and we start forgetting more often. in extreme old age, episodic memory can be badly damaged. but somehow memories from childhood and adolescence still remain intact. the in contrast to the short term memories of old people, which often aren't retained at all the we develop routines to give up range to break habits, determine 50 percent of all daily decisions means effectively going on also kind of freedom of time to make other more decisions it's just as well, we don't have to walk out a new plan every morning for what to wear house and brush your teeth or tile

shoelaces, or that slab routine habits come in handy. they enable us to drink a cup of tea or coffee while reading the paper. with so accustomed to these activities from requisitions that the store in our subconscious and happened automatically, these unnoticed habits, a hard wired into our brain and it kind of energy conserving default. but we also have routines that govern perhaps less productive aspects of our lives . that's the of to dinna mode hitting the couch, grabbing the tv remote and some candy. and does the couch or teen is also embedded in all subconscious. it can be a tough habit to kick the jill tons can remember practically every single she's ever experienced. she's one of the, just a few dozen people worldwide who's been diagnosed with height assign,

easier. name is the dates, and they will recall the memories of that day and visit details. for all the personal pros and cons, the individuals involved could be a blessing for signs of developing medication in the fight against our time as an dimension for getting isn't about our brain failing for scientists. like on to be as pop password 0, palace remembering and forgetting our 2 sides of the same coin. much is known about the mechanisms of remembering, but he wants to better understand the process for getting the task here is to help. brain is designed to forget things, kind of believe it or not. forgetting actually uses energy from that fact alone, we can tell the process for getting a cust, very important piece to go. put says,

our brain can process the huge amount of input that we see to every 2nd of every day. it perceives every thing but doesn't save it all. it completely forgets many things automatic. when we're out and about, our brain absorbs impressions of everything. people, trees, houses, street cars, every thing if these impressions are retained as memories, nerve cells that take part in the memory process have to be connected by the student abscess. but not all impressions, images and memories remain. the majority of st options are blocked by a certain protein. then they can't bind anymore. this results in these impressions not being saved. we don't retain memories from the majority of these impressions

which balances out the state of remembering and forgetting. so here's puzzle to you wrote this once to find out whether a newly discovered gene found in people with hyper type mystic syndrome acts like a switch that regulates or inhibits. we're getting these guys where we can take this step on name. it showed helps them in the process. it's smaller than a centimeter long and an optimal research subject for the scientists. it's a model organism. the intent to introduce the gene to the name of the road that prevents memories from being forgotten. if they're successful, they can test how it works. their forms have to kind of form has no brain, but it has 302 nerve cells. that's enough to allow it to engage in complex behavior

exit for how many totes can learn. and forget seconds, we know for exam, told somebody that these nerve cells here that these in particular are very important for learning processes. other nerve cells are important for motor and move mach process and, and that's why we use the name until the thing. preventative is important. what effect will the gene have on the name? it towed. so yeah. here we have the now we can adjust the plasma tvs. the scientists injects the worms with the human gene that prevents forgetting the gene was discovered. and people with hyper side mastic syndrome. the gene transfer should produce worms that can't forget. the fluorescent material indicates the name of drugs who have been injected with the gene. the,

now the question is whether or not these worms can forget these are straight to service. this is a very important step because we can now research this for him. it's nervous system and what characteristics they have after they've been injected with the gene. and that's how we get to know how these human genes work through these. as mentioned again from the scientists hypothesis is that the gene that hinders forgetting, sends out proteins that become active in the sense of the brain. that's where the normal process of automatically forgetting is blocked. that has the consequences that all of the impressions and memories don't disappear, put or permanently saved in the brain. the, the researchers work with 2 groups of worms, the so called and treated wild types, and the glowing ones that have been injected with genes their behavior should show

if and how they should and genes impacts the process of forgiving. gain is and go through the genes are there to produce protein jesus and this is gene is obviously producing a protein that leads to for getting to for guessing. now we can inhibit this protein powder in payment. we can do that with various methods including discovering substances. that bind to it and inhibited so hopefully we'll also be able to inhibit forgetting here. how can we help this for guessing? having the discovery could bring researchers closer to tearing alzheimer's dementia and other diseases. that cool kind of in 5 our discovery can contribute to treating alzheimer's disease. how do we get to them? and this, most of them, hopefully we've now discovered a mechanism that's related to forgetfulness, not the one that leads us to forgetting useful because now that we know that,

and if we can identify substance, elizabeth influence this genie. so will forget less untruthful. so that's the advantage of, i guess, a huge step for scientists and researchers now on to the humble as well. it's much larger than the tiny nematode in the last report, but it's just as blind in depth. the biggest populations of s williams live in europe. the northeastern united states, new zealand, children in those places, not early on that the terrestrial invertebrates are extremely beneficial. they keep soil air rates it and, and show that it has a healthy caribbean, which and ton benefits the climate to what impacts the increasing drug tubs. on our forest, especially on their ability to store carbon. it's a question the researchers in switzerland. i've been investigating for almost 2

decades. they irrigate the parts of a forest and compare them with the dryer section. so here's the receipt here. the so here is really black lock, which means it contains a lot of carbon vehicle in so so it, so now let's look at the soil on the dry surface to see how it was heat. this is in the soil is far lighter in color c. i think that means that stores less carbon than the irritated soil, the co installed, i think, to move something floats relatively recently. let's reset. just highlight the impact of drugs and the ability of cells to store carbon for the day before the experiment take centuries to lenny for the carbon recivore to change significantly . yeah. here we have 50 percent more carbon in the top soil in the year. a gated area when stuff in the researches have learned that soil's store up to 5 times as much carbon as the vegetation above drained. the big question is what

leads to such a significant carbon increase in the grow and over such a short time period? the syria is that organisms in the soil convert the deputy or liquor layer on top to soto, carbon g, will color just different kinds of dawn uses trucks containing foods to identify those organisms. the health. so that's the main de composers are earth forms in the legal besides them. there are also would life inmates epic sign. although they play a far small volume, the mixture of mustard water, to a small section of dried if this is tied in for clear once the mixture has filtered down into the soil, the mustered water irritates the earth worms and forces them to creep up to the surface where we can pick them up, couldn't be done from the old population. hopefully isn't, isn't guns clear. we have a very small, newly hatched worm. excuse me. a baby and baby will come to a total of 50 swarms per square meter and projected to cover all forest cycles.

that's an enormous bio mass. so the section of the forest, or the chief of scientists repeats the test and the plots of the forest that was not federal gated. how many worms are working? the soil here? dell not wait, wait it ages without seeing a single word of he discovered that s williams are no longer active with the water content of below 20 percent to determine the exact carbon balance. he measures c o . 2 emissions from the soil the mass on the measuring the c o 2 balance shows the dry soils bind, much less seo tune be then here again. and so i ordered the fuel and this is due to less carbon, being distributed by earthworms in the top soil. installs the way, so you can go on domina, live on. so look, but as the large scale irrigation of conduct for, as far as is not a viable solution, finding how good doing is looking for alternatives. and nature delivers here to

a comparison test he conducted showed that 20 times as many earthworms live into such as forest as in can net for this one's a result that suggests a change, of course in forestry management community or flies by storing more carbon would hurting more carbon is stored in the organic soil layer in the long term window of the homeless. physically more organic soil or humorous could also increase the proportion of carbon and soil and agriculture. scientists from the german center for integrative biodiversity and light sake fund that next new 2 arms are active and intensively farm cycles. it's a very different story with organic farming. when you have you got to off, when you break up the aggregates here in the ground, you can see that despite the soil being so dry, there's still

a little bit of water, okay. call. and that crumbling texture is characteristic of cruise, warm activity looks. this kind of decisions, so things amounting to too much is the largest carbon reservoir on land. but there's being precious looking research candidates into the role of f forms in this research or get it and just wants to find out how to convert that plan to monitor the sugar that contains in the process, storing carbon in the cycle. for centuries. he's discovered that in addition to secrete things stable carbon as forms and prove the carbon balance in the cycle via their skin. so we never calculus. what's less known for what was not known at all is that the mucus secreted by earth worms stimulates the microbes in this oil to such a degree that they grow and build up bio mass on this bio mass on that's ultimately stabilized into soil. when the microbes die collapsed,

the carbon has been bound in this oil and can no longer be emitted a c o 2, resulting in a cooler climate. crude, $50.00 every year about 10 times more c o 2 escapes from cycles into the atmosphere . and it's produced by learning fossil fuels, performs and hybrid forest and organic farming helped to store carbon over the long term. the unlikely little helpers in the fight against climate change to. that's a nice specimen. climate change means that species traditionally at home in the south migrating further and further north the procession very most as native to southern and central europe, but is now also spreading to germany and sweden. the castle pit. as vault has can cause serious invitation for human skin responses range from cutting down trees to assessing the mess and the host is on fire. the spraying of pesticides is also widespread. but this is a progressive solution even if it might not initially look like it's dennis

a car use is pulling out the big and to get rid of some little pest from a suitable distance. the fires into the nest of the oak procession. every caterpillars, next to an outdoor swimming pool. the idea is to introduce a deadly fungus to the nest via these reg gelatin balls. they were created by scientists from the university of applied sciences in getting and are being tested in the field today. of those causes meat on me. let's play from 30 meters away. the fungus spreads out about the size of a phase. i guess the nets are bigger than that, so we need one or 2 shots to cover the whole mess with this. like we 1st look at the tips of the leaves and once we found areas that have been eaten, we track down and asked by following them towards the trunk of. the red balls contain bavaria bussey on a of fungus that spreads inside the insect and kills them, were not able to run. the professor was gone. who has spent years researching the

various methods of combating the pesky oak procession? every caterpillar is favorite is firing. the deadly fungus, directly into the nest. that co, that truly support isn't. and it's a naturally occurring animal, pathogenic fungus, which is a fancy way of saying that it kills insects and have the, we extracted the fungus from this oil. i packed it into a ball and shot it into the nest of the old procession area. and then within the 8 hours, it killed the caterpillar students into to, to hold them up year in germany, the oak procession every month. and it has become a real summer plague in recent years. it has few natural enemies. local authorities have been spending tens of thousands of bureaus on combining the caterpillars and even vacuuming the mob die. so put the search the noise, the real danger from the oak recessionary mob is that it goes through several different life cycle. some during the 1st 2,

they don't yet have any pretzels or set to once they start developing that 3rd larval stage. at that point, they're very small and fine and wouldn't bother and adult human. but as of the 4th stage, they can cause caterpillar dermatitis and all the homes. in some cases it can lead to an end of electric shock. them a reading of the i would and even long problems with me because the hair is getting stuck there. but i know the immune lucas, that's another substance being sprayed on trees, contained specialist there in jesus, or b t. it's considered a bio side because the bacteria disables and kills the o procession every month. but it also kills other beneficial insects. was gone, the boy and his team did some tests on how the substance works. the shocking results prompted him to advise against any large scale deployment. it turns out that the bt spray also kills the few remaining natural predators of the month,

such as each newman wasps and certain types of bands allotted for safari, stressful things. but the problem is that we're killing their enemies at the same time. so in the long run, we may even be strengthening the oak recessionary population to screen off last year as test showed that for every 2 dead oh procession every month. one beneficial insect guide as well the. they included beetles, various bugs, ants and acumen. it was great. so is the rightful method more sustainable with less collateral damage? experts from various authorities are curious to see the 1st results. this is what a nest looks like. after just 8 hours. the caterpillars are completely infested and dead, and were assured that the fungus is also did, and won't spread outside the nest. that piece is van fungus is heat sensitive. at

$25.00 degrees celsius locks its growth start slowing down and it stops completely at $28.00 degrees size. so if it comes into contact with a warm blooded body, it stops and growing very quickly and even dies christmas and progress vertebrates separate. it's completely harmless, as great ones. yep. it to you, you said furnished doors. the pellets are shrunk directly into the nest so that the fungus doesn't impact any insects outside of the affected area. regarding this content that's kind, we can't guarantee it that even a few unimed in, in organisms, it could be effected id, but only it's very small numbers up and see it giving ups on one side. one visitor asks what happens afterwards to the projectile is launched in the trees. the i'm from hoping since the minus 5. let's test it out. that's why they dissolve and disappear, that they go out, agree and completely melt away. we've already done tests, of course to be able to and i was supposed to get through this. the red munition is

made out of gelatine and not plastic arborist and project collaborator, dennis a congress, takes things a step further and wraps the areas around the nations with glue. and otherwise it gives you the um, full. so normally they go out to find food in the evening, and starting at the tips, eat up the skeletons of the lease. in the morning, they return to the nestle. so you'd expect to find a line of mazda caterpillars on the glue. but since we can't see that, it means that the fungus work live from like a book. the only real drawback is the red tape. german regulation stipulate that most gardeners 1st need a permit to be able to use the souped up air rifle in public that's what this edition of tomorrow today, dw science magazine. thanks for watching and see you next time until then say curious, the

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and the man. we take a trip to scotland with the, with the catholic priest most concave, who is a self proclaimed church rebel fighting for progress and changing his church. and when he's not working for us to understand the holiness of whiskey, the w in good shape. if so versed the tiles, so individual, so beautiful. but what if it's suddenly falls out? our hair is hair grow anyway. how can you take care of it? and how can avoid hair loss, and what about women dw,

[000:00:00;00] the which sarah kelly. i put the tough questions to those in power, challenging the key players face to face. it's real and hard hitting the bank that goes beyond the jargon and helps us better understand what's really holding the powerful to account. getting to the through the complex of on d w. hey guys, it's evelyn charmaya. welcome to my broadcast matters that i invite celebrities, influenza and experts to talk about all playing loved data and yet today,

nothing less the south. all these things in more and the new season of the fuck. com. make sure to tune in wherever you get your thoughts costs, enjoying the conversation because you know, it's last matter the the, it is some of the current key, more people than in such a passion, life crisis within part that's the, that's the best the best and find out the baby story. info, migraines, reliable news for migrant. wherever they may be.

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