my advice celebrities influence us as experts to talk about all plain love data and yet today, nothing less the south. all these things in more and the new season of the fuck. com. make sure to tune in wherever you get your thoughts costs, enjoying the conversation. because you know, it's last matter the, if you're from the city, you might not know that those rooms improve the quality instruction of soil. and they also play a decisive role in el paso with climate change, because they're responsible for storing huge amounts of c o 2 in the ground. but 1st, let's focus on our memory. we start associated with the reports about remembering, followed by another about just guessing. well come to tomorrow today to

science program on dw, the can you still remember your 1st? cuz you fast date the 1st time you spend a lot to get simple moments like those get stored. you don't have to. so the memory, it's one of the various forms of memory that imagined different stages of life. so different functions. our 1st, the memory traces are formed in utero. the sound of its mother's voice is a fetus, is initial introduction to its mother tongue mind. this is right now, it's very quiet, less probably sleeping, very relaxed every other week. right now it's very quiet, probably sleeping. we develop inability to remember in infancy,

babies can memorize the faces of their closest family members. although at 6 months, they only remember what they've experienced in the last 24 hours. by the age of 9 months, babies are storing memories for several weeks. and by 20 months, for a full year, the at 1st learning to walk is challenging. what's called procedural memories, please, a vital role here. this is a type of implicit memory that age, the performance of particular tasks supported by the body, sense of balance and sensory data. it controls actions that we do automatically into old age. by the age of 2 or 3, we've developed an explicit memory enabling the conscious recollection of events. our earliest childhood memories, usually deep back to this time. the development of linguistic skills and memory are

closely linked. language makes it easier to remember information like this house lies in d. h to is guess i lisp still says out between the ages of 3 and 5 children begin to plan ahead with the help of that prospective memory. it allows them to remember to do something at a particular time, the basis for planned future oriented behavior. the semantic memory develops when children start school, helping them to remember fact i submitted, is there a pep illumination fonts, and comforts that tom's on the call to the what the original say. i'm going to learning goes hand in hand with a marked improvement in long term free of our teenage years and early

adulthood occupies a special place in our memory, the intensity and novelty of our 1st sexual experiences. for example, in short, these memories stay with us forever. memories have formed between the ages of 15 and 25, that account for what's known as the reminiscence bump. nursing mothers often suffer from temporary memory loss. for a long time, it was thought that therapy to your hormonal balance was responsible to the scientist, to tribute another cause to the memory loss, the mother sleep deprivation. the episodic memory allows us to go on a journey into the past. it's where very special personal experiences are stored. but starting at the age of 50, that capacity begins to dwindle and we start forgetting more often. in

extreme old age, episodic memory can be badly damaged. but somehow memories from childhood and adolescence still remain intact. the in contrast to the short term memories of old people, which often aren't retained at all the we develop routines to give a range of break habits. determine 50 percent of all the daily decisions means effectively going on. also pilot, freeing up time to make other more decisions. it's just as well, we don't have to walk out a new plan every morning for what to wear house and brush your teeth or tile shoelaces. that's why i read seen habits come in handy. they enable us to drink

a cup of tea or coffee while reading the paper. was so accustomed to these activities from requisitions that the store in our subconscious and happened old domestically these unnoticed habits, a hard wired into our brain in a kind of energy conserving default. but we also have routines that govern perhaps less productive aspects of our lives. let's be off to dinner mode, hitting the couch, grabbing the tv remote and some candy and of the couch routine is also jill trends can remember practically, every single she's ever experienced. she's one of the, just a few dozen people worldwide who's been diagnosed with height. assign, easy name is certain dates, and they will recall the memories of that day and visit details for all the personal pros and cons. the individuals involved could be a listing for sciences,

developing medication in the fight against out time. those dimensions for getting isn't about our brain failing for scientists. like on to be as pop password 0, palace remembering and forgetting our 2 sides of the same coin. much is known about the mechanisms of remembering, but he wants to better understand the process for getting the best here is to help. brain is designed to forget things kind of believe it or not. forgetting actually uses energy. i'm taking some from that fact alone. we can tell the process, forgetting and cause very important these to go put says our brain can process the huge amount of input that it receives every 2nd of every game.

it perceives every thing but doesn't save it all. it completely forgets many things automatic when we're out and about our brain absorbs impressions of everything. people, treaties, pounds, street, cars. every thing if these impressions are retained as memories, nerve cells that take part in the memory process have to be conducted by the synopsis. but not all impressions, images and memories remain. the majority of st options are blocked by a certain protein. then they can't bind anymore. this results in these impressions not being saved. we don't retain memories from the majority of these impressions which balances out the state of remembering and forgetting. so here's puzzle to dropping us wants to find out whether a newly discovered gene found in people with hyper site mystic syndrome acts like

a switch that regulates or inhibits for getting this guy so that we can take this step on nima towed helps them in the process, it's smaller than a centimeter long, and an optimal research subject for the scientists. it's a model organism. they intend to introduce the gene to the name of the road that prevents memories from being forgotten. if they're successful, they can test how it works. their forms have to kind of form has no brain, but it has 302 nerve cells. that's enough to allow it to engage in complex behavior exit for how does name adults can learn. and forget. we know, for example, somebody that these nerve cells here, these in particular, are very important for learning pro,

such as other nerve cells are important for motor and movement processes. and that's why we use the name and to thing preventative isn't for them. what effect will the gene have on the name? it towed. so yeah. here we have the why not? we can adjust the plasma tvs into the scientists inject the worms with the human gene that prevents forgetting the gene was discovered. and people with hyper site must have syndrome the gene transfer should produce worms that can't forget. the fluorescent material indicates the name of drugs who have been in check the gene the. now the question is whether or not these worms can forget these are straight to service. this is a very important step because we can now research this one is this gets nervous

system and what characteristics they have after they've been injected with the gene . that's how we get to know how these human genes work. this message again, from the scientist type offices there's, that's a gene that hinders for getting sends out proteins that become active in the scene . absence of the brain, that's where the normal process of automatically forgetting is. blocked that has the consequences that all of the impressions and memories don't disappear, but are permanently saved in the brain. the, the researchers work with 2 groups of worms, the so called and treated wild types. and the glowing ones that have been injected with genes. their behavior should show if and how the human gene impacts the process of forgetting gain is and go through the genes are there to produce protein

. these is, this is gene is obviously producing a protein that leads to forgetting to forget. so now we can inhibit this protein, put it in him, and we can do that with various methods including discovering substances that bind to it and inhibited so hopefully we'll also be able to inhibit forgetting here hoffman and help us for guessing hammond. the discovery could bring researchers closer to tearing alzheimer's dementia and other diseases, considering that goal kind of in 5, our discovery can contribute to treating alzheimer's disease. how do you get an image on this? most often, hopefully we've now discovered a mechanism that's related to forgetfulness. the one that leads us to forgetting useful because now that we know that, and if we can identify substances that influence this gene, so we'll forget the less untruthful. so that's the advantage of, i guess, a huge step for scientists and researchers

now on to the humble us when it's much larger than the tiny nematode in the last report. but it's just as blind in depth. the biggest populations of s williams live in europe. the northeastern united states, new zealand, children in those places. then early on that the terrestrial invertebrates are extremely beneficial. they keep soil a rated and, and show that it has a healthy caribbean. which and ton benefits the climate to what impact does increasing drug tough on our forest, especially on their ability to store carbon pits. the question the researchers in switzerland, i've been investigating for almost 2 decades. the irrigate parts of a forest and compare them with dryer sections. to their surprise, significant differences became apparent after just a few contains

a lot of carbon vehicle into so it's solid. now let's look at the soil on the dry surface as a how is it less carbon than the irritated soil? the co installed, i think to move something towards the importance of forest soils and soaking up c o . 2 had been underestimated until relatively recently. this research as highlighted, the impact of drugs and the ability of certainly take centuries to lennier for the carbon recivore to change significantly. yeah. here we have 50 percent more carbon in the top soil in the irrigated area when stuff researchers have learned that soils store up to 5 times as much carbon as the vegetation above drained. the big question is, what leads to such a significant carbon increase in the grow and over such a short time period? the series that organisms in the soil conduct the deputy or liquor layer on top to soto, carbon g, will color just different kinds of the one uses trucks containing food,

to identify those organisms the health. so that's the main de composers are earth formed. besides them, there are also would life and mites epic sign up though they play a far smaller role in the process than earthworms. so you can go the research it wants to if this is kind of interesting, once the mixture has filtered down into the soil, the mustard water irritates the earth, arms, and forces them to creep up to this. because here we have a very small, newly hatched. were a baby, and b, b will come to a total of 50 s worms per square meter and projected to cover all forest cycles. that's an enormous volume us. so the s williams must be quantity. the carbon content has increased so much. in the irritated section of the forest. the chief of scientists repeats the test and the parts of the forest that was not to a gated. how many worms are working, the soil here?

dell not wait, wait an ages without seeing a single word of he discovered that s williams are no longer active with the water content of below 20 percent to determine the exact carbon balance. he measures c o . 2 emissions from the soil the mass on the measuring the c o 2 balance shows the dry soils bind much less c o 2 and here again. and so i ordered the fuel and this is due to less carbon being distributed by earthworms in the top . so i wouldn't it off the way so you can go on, domino live or than civic but as the large scale irrigation of conduct for, as far as is not a viable solution, it's kind of how you're doing is looking for alternatives. and nature delivers here to a comparison test he conducted showed that 20 times as many earthworms live in the said you as far as, as in conduct for this one's a result that suggests a change. of course, in forestry management,

i'm detailed flies by storing more carbon would require increasing the proportion of hardwoods. so this would stimulate earthworm activity. meeting more carbon is stored in the organic soil layered in the long term width of the homelessness, carbon, and soil and agriculture. scientists from the german center for integrative bio diversity and light sake fund that next to new 2 arms are active and intensively farm cycles. it's a very different story with organic farming. when you have you got to off, when you break up the aggregates here in the ground, you can see that despite the soil being so dry, there's still a little bit of water control. and that crumbling texture is characteristic of cruise form activity. looks. this contrast, this is something limiting to too much is the largest carbon reservoir on land. but there's being precious little research carried out into the role of f forms in this

research or get it and just wants to find out how to convert that plan to monitor the sugar that contains in the process, storing carbon in the soil. for centuries, he's discovered that in addition to secrete things stable carbon as forms and prove that carbon balance in the soil via their skin. so we never counselors, what's less known for what was not known at all is that the mucus secreted by years were indeed stimulates the microbes in this oil to such a degree that they grow and build up bio mass on this bio mass on that's ultimately stabilized into soil when the microbes die out of carbon has been found in this oil and can no longer be emitted a c o 2, resulting in a cooler climate groups that every year about 10 times more c o 2 escapes from cycles into the atmosphere. and it's produced by the learning fossil fuels performs

in hybrid forest and organic farming, helped to store carbon over the long term. the unlikely little helpers in the fight against climate change. to that's a nice specimen. climate change means that species traditionally at home in the south of migrating further and further north, the procession very most as native to southern and central europe, but is now also spreading to germany and sweden. the castle put his vault has can cause serious invitation for human skin responses range from cutting down trees to assessing the mess and the host is on fire. the spraying of pesticides is also widespread, but that is a progressive solution even if it might not initially look like it. dennis a car yours is pulling out the big and to get rid of some little pest from a suitable distance the fires into the nest of the oak procession every caterpillars to the nest via these reg gelatin balls. they were created by

scientists from the university of applied sciences engaging in and are being tested in the field today of causes to meet on the way from 30 meters away. the focus spreads out about the size of a phase. i could do this and that's are bigger than that. so we need about areas that have been eaten. we track down the nest by following them towards the trunk of . the red balls contain bavaria bussey on a of fungus that spreads inside the insect and kills them. with the professor was gone, who has spent years researching the various methods of combating the pesky? oprah, recessionary caterpillar. his favorite is firing, the deadly fungus directly into the nest. not to any sports is on. and it's a naturally occurring animal, pathogenic fungus, which is a fancy way of saying that it kills insects and have the, we extracted the fungus from this oil. i packed it into a ball and shot it into the nest of the hope recessionary. and then within the 8

hours, it killed the caterpillar students into to, to hold them up year in germany, the oak procession every month. and it has become a real summer plague and recent years, it as few natural enemies. local authorities have been spending tens of thousands of bureaus on combining the caterpillars and even vacuum and come up dice and put the seo to the nice the real danger from the o procession. every model is that it goes through several different life cycle. so during the 1st 2, they don't yet have any pretzels or set to once they start developing the 3rd larval stage. at that point, they're very small and fine and wouldn't bother and adult human. but as of the 4th stage, they can cause caterpillar dermatitis homes get mentioned. in some cases it can lead to an end of electric shock with a reading of the i still wouldn't even lung problems with me because the hair is getting stuck there. but i know the indian lucas, that's another substance being sprayed on trees, contain specialist the re,

gm's us or b t it's considered a bios side because the bacteria disabled and kills the procession that re months. but it also kills other beneficial insects. was gone, the boy and his team did some tests on how the substance works. their shopping results prompted him to advise against any large scale deployment. it turns out that the bt spray also kills the few remaining natural predators of the month, such as each newman wasps and certain types of baths allotted for successful things. but the problem is that we're killing their enemies at the same time. so in the long run, we may even be strengthening the oak recessionary population. so it's, you know, last year as test showed that for every 2 dead oh procession every months, one beneficial insect guide as well the. they included beetles, various bugs, ants,

and if newman, it was true. so is the rifle method more sustainable with less collateral damage. experts from various authorities are curious to see the 1st results. this is what a nest looks like. after just 8 hours. the caterpillars are completely invested and dead and were assured that the fungus is also dead and won't spread outside the nest. that pins is, van fungus is heat sensitive. at $25.00 degrees celsius locks its growth start slowing down and it stops completely at $28.00 degrees size. so if it comes into contact with a warm blooded body, it stops growing very quickly and even dies christmas and progress vertebrates stuff. it's completely harmless, as great ones. you have a toyota, sir, furnish doors. the pellets are shrunk directly into the nest so that the fungus doesn't impact any insects outside of the affected area. they can use content

that's kind, we can't guarantee that even a few unintended organisms could be effected id, but only it's very small numbers up and see it coming up on one side. one visitor asks what happens afterwards to the projectile is launched in the trees and beyond from hoping since the minus 5 that's tested out. that's why they dissolve and disappear, that they go ugly and completely mailed the way we've already done tests. of course, to be able to and i was supposed to do this. the read amunition is made out of gelatine and not plastic arborist and project collaborator, dennis a congress, takes things a step further and wraps the areas around the nations with glue and the getting the i'm told. so normally they go out to find food in the evening. and starting at the tips, eat out the skeletons of the lease. i'm in the morning. they return to the national . so you'd expect to find a line of math caterpillar's on the glue. but since we can't see that, it means that the fungus work live from

a good book. the only real drawback is the red tape. german regulation stipulate that most gardeners 1st need a permit to be able to use the suit up air rifle in public that's what this edition of tomorrow today. d w's science magazine. thanks for watching em. see you next time until then say curious. the, the, the,

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multitasking these, the modern methods. because if we do too much at once, we get it all wrong, mess things up, risking brain damage. so let's stop this self sabotage. humans and multitasking watch now on youtube, v w documentary door, it will take a moment be sent to my son to your mom. he's not coming back. it's over february 2020 to russian troops and fated the ukrainian city of computer. it was recaptured. 6 months later, the occupation was hard drive under russian occupations. resisted. who collaborated? how can life go on after all the terror? not everyone can endure the fear,

weeks out every day. with fresh starts of august 25th on dw, the . this is dw news life from bell in the us uh, just needs as one to to restore civilian rule. it helps us official holds talks with the military rule as fails to reach an agreement to put president mohammed by zoom back in the office. also coming up on the show, russian missile strikes the ukrainian city of the crops in east and you.