on the 600, the current key, more people than ever on the move worldwide in such a progress in life. you know, it's a very difficult journey and one's 3 is very hard. they beat you ever think audio stuff find out about some on stores. and so migraines, reliable news to migrate the what we are doing is destroying this for that. i know, i know 3 new are bad to we did. so else how can we revive our exhausted quote plans the traditional seeds

cookies please tavis in tennessee. the tons could gene editing, help us feed, the weld, the these are living on your body, but don't worry, there's supposed to be there. there. my groups in the planet is covered in them, and there are tons of them in the soil because they literally make fertilizer for plants. these are some of the only things on earth that can do this. we depend on swell for almost all of the food we eat, and because 90 percent of the planet so could be degraded by 2050 scientists and even agribusiness think microbes could be key to averting a food crisis. so let's take a journey to the invisible world right under our noses and murphy to see

what happens to so else when microbes get out of whack, we can look back to the 1930 in the united states. settlers replace native grasses with farm lit and then intensively tilt which killed microbes and degraded so after a series of droughts, the damage to it was easily picked up by the wind and turn to the so called black blizzards. millions of tons of tops, well, just blew away in what came to be known as the decimal. although farming methods have changed somewhat. so degradation is still a global problem. what we are doing, the degree is destroying the soil. that is it, and now not renewable resource. what we have been doing so far, the living deluxe, the to actually is and may be easy to use soil's as active strategy growth class. we've been under valuing them and expecting them to stay healthy, but towing over using chemicals and climate change are harming or so else. this is

a problem for growing food, as well as resources for clothing and construction. so l is also key to storing carbon and filtering water to make swells healthy again, we need to start seeing them is what they are. entire eco systems teeming with hidden life all run by my groups. all this under our feet is top soil where most of the insects and microbes live along with plant roots and small animals. one grim of this can contain millions of my groups and a few arms. healthy soil will have the diversity of my groups. the most common ones are bacteria and phone guy of one of their most important jobs is transforming nutrients. every single nutritive cycle on the planet is mostly driven by more. none of these cycles really exist in a vacuum. they all into linked to one of those nutrients cycles is carbon plants

and animals. i mean mostly of carbon. and when they die, they're broken down by my groups. no microbes, no decomposition. the microbes use some of the carbon to reproduce, storing it in the swell, and read the rest of it out, sending it back to the atmosphere. another nutrients cycle happens of nitrogen, which makes of most of the air around us and is one of the main new transplants used to grow. plants can't get it from the air by themselves. so they partner up with my groups. and we can find evidence of the nutrients cycle by looking at certain plants like these beats, which are considered nitrogen. fixing the beams, create these little root nodules that become home to a certain type of bacteria in return. they change nitrogen into a form that plants can access. microbes specifically from die. also exchange other nutrients of plants. they have a very fine routes called high fee to intertwine themselves with the roots at the plant. the fungus is really good at releasing things like spots 1st or sight from

so we just have the plants to get. so it does that and exchanges that with the plan, in which end for things like sugars which the plant can make 3 ferguson. there's also some evidence this relationship makes the plant more able to withstand drought and disease in are degraded so these nutrients cycles aren't working as well as they could be climate change as one causes of degrading. so else with drought and extreme weather causing them to dry out and wrote intensive agriculture can be another cause as pesticides and are besides kill off beneficial microbes and reduce their activity. or the more degraded soil is the more chemicals are needed to grow stuff degrading this while even further this whole plot of land was intensively farm for 30 years. and you can really see it in the soil. it's super sandy, dry and degraded, degraded, so it was also lose their ability to hold and filter water are more susceptible to

erosion and have less of those beneficial microbes, meaning plants don't grow as well. but so well, health is about more than just our food security, little communities. and so health is actually the foundation of all the persistence but natural and then is the foundation of something crumbles. everything else comes tumbling down and agriculture might actually hold the key to making our sales healthy again. the same plot of land, not so far from the degraded bit years of regenerative agriculture have brought back a lot of micro bill activity. the swell looks completely different. this farm is a best practice example. no chemicals are used and the soil microbes, arthur arriving. just look how beautiful these tomatoes are. no to agriculture, leave swell undisturbed, which allows the microbes living inside the clumps. just drive, specifically those fund guy, high feet, which are important for file structure that can be a kilometer of them. and

a gram soil and cover crops printed to leaving the ground, provide micros of carbon to chow down on as well as reduce erosion and nutrient. las unfortunately, this kind of farming just isn't possible everywhere. you can do it. that's fantastic. it's what we want that to go right to the vast amounts of areas where the, the sort of the so the grades that these techniques are opting now to the recover. the soil you time, here's where microbes come in. a larger scale. the most common uses is bio fertilizers. they use like chemical base fertilizer, except they contain fund guy or bacteria. a soil degredation is a big enough threat that they are a company known for selling. i would cultural chemicals is also interested. they are calling me or excuse me, in the mall. countries,

by the way, is certainly the, and i'll try this on the uh how to use uh, carrier for designers to company is also investing in seats that have been infused with microsoft because delivering microbes along with seats is the most targeted way to apply them. seats can also be planted with the coding of microbes. conservation organizations are using this approach to restore eco systems. is a problem with commercial microbial products is that the micro to not specifically adapted to environment. non native microbes could find it hard to survive, rendering the process useless. and because these are living organisms, they could cause an imbalance and the micro biome disease, something we, we really have to do taking cost of duration specially a, we do apologize because they, they spread faster and they, i'm always do change the side even better agrees. because

the, it doesn't necessarily need it the automatically on the whole since sales are different around the world, we would ideally develop microbial products for specific regions, but that will take time and more research. unfortunately, our soil health is an emergency. we are going to need it because we actually cover sort of thing. the seas are cheapest way to, to recover because we are covering them while we are uh, maintain productivity. so for large firms, bio fertilizers are a step above chemicals and where possible. agriculture that relies on helping native make groups like on this farm is the way to go. the

an eggplant, hobbies not far from the to museum capital. no one has one and a half heck to as of land selling muscle green farms, fruit and vegetables, yields a smaller than they all when he uses imported or genetically modified seats. but he still prefers local seats. the most isn't the here. they don't look particularly good have to cause sometimes they're small and forgetting. in metal, they produce better quality fruits or nutrition and taste to your home and better adapted to our climate. talk to him when he avoids onto visual fertilizes as well, and profess to make his own. come fast how indefinitely for you. assume that we're trying to produce our own organic fertilizer. how does when the method in the 1st and with i use the chicken excrement? i do because it has a lot of nitrogen and the bottom 3 years, then we add remnants of fruit and vegetables that are thrown out of market

listening. you will have to tell us we're finally we add a bit of hey, which has a lot of carbon. the money has to me and we've got a boat in india, e as in honda who the and when for decades tanisha is government both both hybrid and genetically engineered seeds. they are meant to produce great t hills. the country still imports around 85 percent of it saves today, but increasing numbers of farmers one to return to using local seats continued. your sweet bank has been able to help them. they found agencies from to news here in other countries which they brought back. since 2008, they've collected more than 7700 different c types because they, it was only 2 companies. the work we're doing today focuses on genes. as well as what gina types impact crop qualities that the and whether or not these trades fit a particular criteria, not specific. immediately z o we might be able to use them for cross pollination

voltage which would in turn loss the lead to improved yields a o l. all mails to help best of mocking these products solely, most of glee goes to phase on a regular basis. they, they focus on investments and technological developments in solving this is logan, is sustainable agriculture, which is the grubbing trend into easier as well as the farmers, local seeds are known for the unique taste and health benefits. these are the scenes our grandparents were familiar with, who were showing now was found the best ones and passed the mind. it's an inheritance they've passed on to us young farmers. every year they gather the best seats. solely mazda of gooey is fortunate to live so close to the capital, so you can market these products, have lots of different places, including and sustainable family events, insurance,

organic farmers can sell that goods here once a week. so want to, i didn't want the money money, so we're fighting for independent food production on multiple fronts, on the bicycle and the money we're trying to get farmers together seats to see a conversation with the bishop at the same time we're trying to produce more seeds together with our partners who have money, i'm on new boston avenue whom i find to how they're also doing our best to educate farmer and show them how they can contact clients directly for via social media. and you know, it was a dollar system down on the move based on my lobbies the organization hopes that more people will use traditional local seats as alternatives to implemented ones. certainly mazda, of who is started collecting his own like these excellencies, us from the wow. you've been with who have grown aware of the important role that local seeds play. and i'm using that knowledge. no, i mean the demand for the original seats has risen and the prices have gone up

along with it. when they, which seat sellers are taking advantage of a heavy be have some money the seed should really be available to all farmers money . i mean, the fluid relax is going with the best case scenario would be farmers obtaining and reproducing them themselves. and he tested all the way up. the strategy has worked well with the ag plans. and now the found the hopes it will be just as fruitful with this other crops. and also with an eye on the west and in drought in the country. he says, traditional said sped back to the important varieties, the we started improving plans by cross breeding. the best variety is the 1st records of human selecting, sanction grass, and we think back 10000 years since then. we've multiplied corn we rice and sewing

yields by several times and read them to something which would probably be hard to identify from one of the early settlers back fence. for example, do you know what this is? today? it looks like this doesn't seem like a close relative test. it in the past decades yields have skyrocketed to feed an ever increasing population. we did not stop at just multiplying yields our excessive use of fertilizers pesticides, and the ongoing conversion of sense if ecosystems to crop land have degraded 40 percent of fertile soils globally. what's more, the climate crisis is forecast to reduce harvest. the problem is we actually need to produce more, but without using more land and more resources is a 50 percent gap between the food produce today and what we need in 2050 just, just to feed people out of quickly. if everyone became a vegetarian, we could produce enough sustainably. but that doesn't look like you don't happen

any time soon. if we just stick at the current, you wait and say it was great, just going to power shops on the back and move on. and then the only way that we would meet those needs is to expand the culture frontier even further. which means sort of good bye to the remaining natural ecosystems. the scientists are designing climate resilient super crops that might produce higher yields and need fewer resources to grow. they want to speed up the process by changing the plants. genetic code with gene on editing, such as with rice. drought is a big issue. it is brutal down there throughout emergency unprecedented droughts and heat waves have put forth a scarcity into shop focus. that's a problem for rise up thursday. crop used to being soaked. a new breed might help in the future. this for right. i are. 64 is mostly grown in the global south, but it's eating worldwide. scientists tweak it's genes to make it more drug

resistant. the new rice uses up to 40 percent plus water in some weeks. while the conventional varieties did not survive a week without water in 40 degree heat, half of the gene edited plants, data scientists did this by instructing and naturally occurring gene in the plant to be more powerful. this gene helps reduce the number and size of the plants pores which are responsible for gas and water exchange. fewer and smaller pores meant the plant saved water yields increased or remain the same. the method they used here is called crisper cash 9, also known as genetic scissors or genome editing. it is fundamentally different to traditional genetic modifications or gm technologies. it relies actually on natural processes, but it makes the mutation process much less random. the most dom products contain

a synthetic gene or a gene from another organism inserted into the plant or animal of interest insect resistant cotton. in these, for example, chrome widely around the world contain a gene originally found in bacteria. instead of using foreign dna, gene editing makes changes in the characteristics of any organism using the information present in its own genetic code using special enzymes, working like scissors, we can delete, swap or repeat genes present in the plants. do you name? it will take many dozens of generation until you have only this one gene transferred by crossing and then often will not be very viable because to what just take too long. so the gene i'm editing is really super powerful because it can go in the single gene, change it and pull it up. it takes 7 to 15 years to get across bread plant with the desired trait, with gene editing just a couple of months. plus a few years of testing globally, gene editing researches speeding up from only

a couple of packets filed in 2011 to about 2000 patents in 2019 by private companies and public researches. the us, china, and multi nationals are investing heavily in the technology which is expected to develop into a multi $1000000000.00 market. by the end of the decades. it's risky, especially as many new prep for right. and these are still in the research phase and little data and few risk assessments exist. we cannot then have to see what happens in nature. it's oh, i'm certain. and it could be really experimentation that we'll, we'll be far ahead of the sites assigned to and have to catch some experts point 2 cases of, of target genetic changes or cases of deleting much more genetic information than intended. additionally, genes involved in increasing yields and some type of drought could crease fields in which years and as there is a large number of genes involved,

turning one or 2 genes on or off is mostly not enough here. the less optimize the crop, the easier it is to improve. that's why experts, the most potential in quickly developing old varieties that haven't been part of industrial production so far, such as mill it each one week or menu, which already have stronger defenses against trying to relate new challenges. but where breeding is still in its infancy. so i don't want to take anything off the tape. the challenge is so significant. i don't want to take crisper technology don't. i don't want to take shifting diet, so i don't want to take restoration or additional it's all of these things. you genetically edited crops are labeled g m and therefore heavily regulated. but there was increasing discussion about whether the gm label is still appropriate or the genome editing should be considered a new breeding method instead of classic genetic manipulation. in the us,

china and many latin american countries, genome edited crops don't lead to be labeled or controlled as g m. and the sector plans to bring several crops to the fields in the coming years. as highly advanced as genome editing methods may be conventional breeding will remain as important. neither will be able to make up for the huge burden we currently put on our ecosystems. but they'll probably fill the food gap in the future. the a pool uh even cold. yeah mm hm. by the name of your yeah, i've seen the key some by that ancient cause these books on describe the clothes born between humanity and meet them. you know, i see. richard zondaway belongs to the 50 or so families who lived out in the

mountains of cheat up wednesday in northeast in the us make on yesterday for my the song asks me to hook it like the wind lands blowing among the flower bed. so so, so to me, by making them can hold him, can you come all these are garlic, china along which we eat about in ship long this is a was and then we have bonded pals which we cultivate about and put them come not the we're going to nail fuck during the month of september and october we have to be ready to have it. so when i, and because of it by not the bottom on the edge of a lot like you know, but when you're cutting new, so i don't mean to hack and re johnny's home. village of nobody else is remote, and anyone who wants to visit has to escape 2 and a half 1000 steps. the inhabitants here are an indigenous people to the traditional

real life. they make an important contribution to biodiversity. 3 quarters of migalia is $46.00. so people here go there across among the wide g as in shops. absolutely, colleges cannot be at that good works for the ne, slow food and agro biodiversity society, or the next task for shocked. the n g o wants to preserve the agents traditional kind of duration nutrition practices. so if we look at the, with the indigenous communities have manage the food system, you will see a component of diversity where you will see there is in the system in any of the system. this must be cropping with a variety of grubs. see if we do uh, to a mapping exercises, we have found that

a community have about more than $202.00 foot loans just a few years ago. there was more diversity according to surveys by and that's fine. but slash and burn. ford is cleared and i'm increasingly heavy. the info is have both big and visually on the soil in the 90 ninety's, the lucas on most of non co started calculating bluegrass to own living. it's useful lives to feed, to make blue and fuels. but this mono culture has severely degraded the soil. nobody so football, i brought it to where he got caught up when able to walk me a little bit. but it is a highly competitive blonde and you have gone to lunch with the other crawl, just because of the damage i took up and finally got home. but when do i leave? i'm getting to the closet because of the most and lot one graphic. if i let me know, model by as market price is for bluegrass rules, almost calculated more and more of it to the detriment of biodiversity in the

region. miss fox has launched programs to revise what's being lost. like at the moment, the logo primary school. but at least the dishes are now back on. the menu elements have been replaced by the traditional jink up in peanuts by fairly low seats. and let us buy the comedian blocked a bunk bed. jack, today i'm eating neutral red bump data garbage with better la seeds, nase ice and wide edibles. i find the world really days. the my absolute favorite is the palm game. this is what the ingredients are supplied by local farmers. most thoughts as also help to build a garden at the school. we do a competitive study of the local food with a government. 5 comment be available for an open time we. we try to promote that. uh, the nutrition, the content off after additional food is very much more higher than to the food

that we buy from the market. miss not now supports more than 100 and put the villages in northeastern india and with the help of the engine knowledge from the region. agriculture in the mountain for it is becoming more sustainable for future generations. so that instead of the

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