a 60 minute d, w. these places in europe are smashing the records step into an old adventure. it's the treasure map for modern globetrotters. discover some of us record breaking site on google back to and now also in the book form the looks delicious. but what's the environmental impact of our favorite foods? where are they produced? have they been transported halfway around the world? shouldn't we be eating food that stores locally? takes potato this. they have grown in europe, but for how much longer. what would happen if climate change put a stop to european potato production? we take a look at research initiatives, making potatoes fit for the future. this is more coming up on tomorrow today.

welcome to the show. the great thing is being placed in these tiny flowers. could they eventually produce new climate resistant varieties of potatoes? eustace boom is one of germany's biggest potato grow its work done in his greenhouse plays a big role in decisions about which spots make it onto the nations. plates. first, then determines what properties in new variety should have, such as heat tournaments or long shelf life. then to glance across point and aging the flowers of the mother, plant who's putting in the fall into hundreds of thousands of seedlings produce new varieties like the lesser or europe. viva. a decades can go by,

it's due to the many selection steps and characteristics that are potato needs to have contact. so here's the cutoff. there are lots of considerations. a potato i buy in the supermarket should look fancy and it should be uniform. so you should have nice skin c, so it's your taste good. and there are other complex issues as well in the complexity. so we basically need to reinvent the potato and a specific formally fitness. and the types of plans have lots of enemies, pest pathogens, and most importantly, the climate crisis. could a situation soon arise light disasters that occurred in the mid 19th century. back then, especially in island, blind sled to corrupt failures and functions, driving integration. one reason why potatoes were thrown in loaner coaches and genetic diversity was low, is that an issue today. ready a visit to the company cuts off of the home and in the town of boots and potatoes suited washed unpackaged supermarkets throughout

gemini, the long strong summit of potato farm is hauled in 2022. the harvest volume in the country file by over 5 percent. due to the climate, even though the overall acreage has increased, when ground water level strong invocation becomes a necessity and it's expensive. so follow breed is have mostly succeeded in creating varieties that can come with less rainfall, but the environment is changing rapidly. as one of these and programs and not to lose dr and see much a huge problem in the current climate. chrysler says both the high temperatures and the water shortage is called 1000, were in temperatures rise about 40 degrees. stocks collapse because we need to develop varieties that can handle that kind of heat and are also drought tolerant. and i'm listen to that. those potatoes also have to be able to endure heavy rain or the occasional thunderstorm to cook new genes safe to potato. this is the i p k like it's and it's,

it's the chief thing god has labeled the type of cultural scientist money made a novel because it's samples from a 2000 potato varieties frozen in liquid nitrogen minus 196 degrees celsius. the genetic material comes from view ripple south america. it gives new potatoes tend to skins, or the live is high yields, the french fries and potato chips. and the crow tanks also still genes that make potato smoke drum resistant. this goes to put inside of the great potential in cryo preservation is that you can store this enormous diversity with all its resistance, tolerance and diversity in one place, compactly in a container. and if needed, make it available to breed is and scientists or even private individuals. so that is one. so for fuel state and con, before freezing the plants that propagated in test to money, right in august has developed

a global strategy to preserve potations diversity. she's working on behalf of the crop try an international organization seeking to preserve cross adversity to do this novel travel to south america, to the particulars on festal, home potatoes as being cultivated in the caribbean. and these, the 8000 is even today through has the greatest potato diversity in the world. red ones, blue ones, some with very different tastes. these are fee for how many here we just don't have that much diversity here in europe, and that's fine. the 1st potatoes came to europe and 1562, and from then on potatoes with bread from that gene to q 5 is which means this enormous diversity state in the and these has. so that's why these great treasure of genetic diversity is which we can maybe use to make the title has resisted to diseases, pests, drought, and heat stress of so this is pencils. i'm and it's not just the genes of previous

cultivated potatoes, while south american specie saw, obviously being served for the future. will that mean a rejuvenation of the tube between sir james can be frozen in the crier bank for over a 100 years. but the potato is not an easy kind of, it's a breed. the plant is what's called a tetra floyd. it has full set of chromosomes, not just to like humans, whether designed traits and much from cross breeding is therefore much more a matter of luck. the potatoes complex t name wasn't even decoded until 2020 to the genes in the car event. our treasure, troy for breed is cool, but the cryo bank simply offers the chance to conserve varieties and very specific genetics over the very long term. because today we don't necessarily know whether there's resistance at one plant or another that might be needed 50 years down the

road. so here we can preserve the full genetic diversity of talking about the development of new varieties. could be accelerated, find methods like crispin, a kind of genetics visits that could be used to specific agents, the resistance beings from peruvian, cultivated on what potatoes into the varieties that could allow individual genes. the heat resistance, for example, to be combined or easily with blight resistance genes, the innovation within the field time greenhouse, becoming increasingly important in the common climate crisis. say will ensure that all state what 2 of us will continue to align done awfully well into the future. the great thing about the types of following is that it's climate friendly. the crop has a low carbon footprint, much lower than rice. for example, the trouble begins when, but it says off processed se into fries. this consumes

a lot of energy and the staff will call that intensive it's time we started paying more attention to the environmental impacts of what we what we directly impact global warming. global food production is responsible for 15 to 30 percent of all c o 2 emissions. experts don't completely agree on the number just yet. but even at 15 percent, that's a higher number than the emissions caused by all transport worldwide. this creates an immense strain on the climate every food has a different climate footprint, which changes, depending on how it's grown, produced, packaged and transported. this footprint is calculated a so called c o 2 equivalence intended to standardize how different greenhouse

gases effect the climate. in addition to c o 2, there are other greenhouse gases and their impact varies greatly. when a greenhouse has heated, the warehouse is cool, where a food product is transported. this causes c o 2 emissions. when callous digest food, they produce me say, or c h 4, which is then released into the environment as a greenhouse gas. me saying it's $28.00 times more powerful than c o 2. and there are over a 1000000000 cows worldwide. when fertilizer and the new or used in the soil, tiger culture produces a 3rd problem at cas nitrous oxide or n 20, which leaks into the atmosphere. nitrous oxide is 12 times worse for the climate than me say. and $300.00 times worse than c o 2. when combined all these greenhouse gas emissions called c o 2 equivalence,

abbreviated as c o 2 e industrial meet production is bad for the climate, and that's driving demand for alternative plant based sources of protein. for example, the june such as chick peas. these can also cope well with climate change because it's a crop that doesn't need much water. but farmers in germany, you're still working out how to ensure conditions are just right for check p cultivation. these farm is preparing check the seats, the sewing since the palms is not native to central european soils. the menu only adding specific bacteria that help pick caption nitrogen and reduce the need for fuss and lies in the process. the form is who as simple measure will allow them to grow most sustainable protein rich plants from the lagoon family. by the 20th,

must be a couple of them with crops like broad beams ortiz, which are native here. the bacteria are already present in massage oil, but with soy beans and shouldn't be the bacterial strain, isn't there yet to see that between them is like you stand out in the plot, weld the being able to produce that and fuss, eliza with the 8 of those special bacteria, that's why in europe krupps like keys and beans will lumina favorites with farmers, because growing them actively improve soil policy, rather than depleting it to of nutrients. so the chip piece of ground without also official specializes. and if all goes well, the farm is can also do without also official irrigation, the check people and to volt and dr. middle eastern climates and can get by with little rainfalls. but the ones the off we try to plant them around 2 and a half centimeters deep invoice starting to get the germination process going. but the advantage of this legume is that at low is dry soils is at 12 and leaving chick

piece and not growing often here in germany. but that could change in the future. juiciest human and geez, climate change, which is causing hasa and dryer. whether there's an image, legal main olson, the via, we're looking for that humans that we can easily more catch it and ones that are more acute and drop resistant then broad beans or keys. that's why we decided on the chick page. it wasn't good. it's got a lot of uses habits, nutritious, and this, and alex is a little this quote. the next top list is already sprouting. will tell you to load the surface. we can already see the 1st rives in multi it cycling is a crop scientist. what does it mean northern lights? so we want to find out if legumes can help make on agriculture more sustainable and adaptable to climate change. and we also want to see whether or not they can make it affects less extreme bias was a sort of climate protection if you, well,

that's pretty much what's in fact, thanks to the bacteria on that root nodules, chick peas and all the games contribute. so much nitrogen to the soil that even the next pond square and on that field benefit, that means future corrupts could meet little to no also official fertilizer. like games, army grew known about 2 percent of german cr plans. in recent decades. cone, grain and rate seed has become so widespread that many lagoons are imported solely beaten. some particular that's little mind if there's one that was tough and i'd love to see us. so establish that like use are formed on 10 percent of the airable land here. and it does all the if it's economically viable for the farmers and there's a market for and upsets next to get in real wanda, for example, the themes are grown on a large scale because they're a stable for that's used in many dishes there and making soil for them easy to find, but marketing is still praising a challenge,

the band hops on them of its he's still trying to sell the organic chick piece from his best 3 years of farming cohort. and i think that's like it's good. it's not easy to sell this stuff right now. the price still isn't quite what we need it to be to break even though we know that it's pioneering work. yeah, but this, this new i'll, i'm an evict not is also something of a pioneer. a few years ago, she found it and checked piece next company in leipzig. she says she's glad to have found the climate friendly business model. mission the all that came up under climate change often leaves me feeling helpless as the old you as a here is. oh, for the everything is going to be and he rarely get any specific ideas, the solution of a problem. and then also concrete, the concept. so, wanted to have my fun something with my business floor, i feel confident was that i'm on the right. oh, okay, that's on the promotion. a group of times that has the potential council right to climate change at the fulton sales have been to my lender and doing so. the next

batch of crunchy climate friendly chick peas is on its way to a big german supermarket chain. if demand keeps increasing, it will in turn, help pharma sustainably transform left field. if you've never tried them that delicious and us, we just found out chicopee cultivation requires very little irrigation. that's a major bonus. because worldwide agriculture accounts, the 2 thirds of all fresh will to use. and in some places, drinking was in short supply, including and you're a why, which is currently going through. it's west drowsing over a 100 years or in southern europe, which is seeing rankled high temperatures. also scarcity there and other places is a growing threat. even the swiss of starting to protect that will sure sofas bases of water reservoir in the village. but when grad envelopes it begins to read

no, it fills up again, not to our photos that and all of the shilling to see research in grandma to this been a shortage of it in this region for decades. aquifers like these could help replenish supply, enjoy areas, positions, daughter who so we definitely need to anticipate bottlenecks. we're already dealing with those. now let's say it's, it's a today occurred during the hot or summer months states civil. it happens where ground water is not readily available. that it's slowly growing more scarce. switzerland in general, has enough ground water because it's regularly replenished by snow and rain when it runs low, reasonable to can make up the show for us. this is the reason it does in x to make it fit for use middle water. it gets this pumped into a startling basin where it's passed through gravel sofas from this, it drains into what's called a re touched base and then subsequently seeps through filtering sun into the ground

water in the future to mount the ground water will rise, especially during dry up here in the notes there are of course conflicting interest just sitting around. water is used for many purposes as drinking water. for example, summer mentality. the loan about climate change will become more of an issue along with crop irrigation of the, especially when it comes to vegetable products, which are water intensive, because there's more ground water needs to be available, make the investments if anything, causes the vast city scenarios reveal. the us climate change progresses, demand for which is a good rise play as much as the food, especially in agriculture. but the example in spanish shows that even with all the official ways to top it up, supplies of special to a no n v. as in the don't anything sensor

is the run off from the business itself. also during the dry summer months in some parts of the river, only transport 2 cubic meters to 2nd to be forced to cool and then also helpful. so of course, that limits how much can be pumped hourly between the fish and the river. also need water to us to be effected into future water supply models. the know for a completely different topic. food is about so much more than just getting in the true see need. they can also they still moved, but delicious isn't always good for us. it's all about getting this science right. the fresh, crusty bread rolls. we wanted to know what makes a good role. and so are any of them actually healthy?

we spoke to 3 food chemistry experts to get their opinion on the matter and visited baker, heidi slots on to see how she works. our magic. she's going to show us how to make bread rolls at home. we're trying to recipes, classic roles made from wheat flour, and as an alternative ones made with spelt and rod both look good, but as a spelt and ry roll healthier than a classic one made with white flour. what are the experts say to the comp, say, roles made with wheat, flour spells so riot was imagining a healthy or unhealthy, you know, don't want to send us. and the type of flour is more a matter of taste unless you have a specific food intolerance. body slow, transverse secret from making excellent roles. that's what's known as a free furnace, which is that portion of dough that's made in advance water salt. and these are

mixed with flour, via phone, and then for tags that we need to present to give the time to grow and to see if it allows us to use very nice topic and then the choose all night. we test the big advantage that we don't have to add so much ease the next day that improves the roadmap and makes the roles more digestible. down to the bottom portion, the east works overnight. it's enzymes breakdown the storage and the flower sugar, alcohol, assets, and c o 2 are released in the process that creates flavor. but this whole process takes time to continues the next day when more flour and water are added along with milk and honey, which also boost flavor while needing. i just don't mind as a mixture of seeds to this felt and dried out, including sunflower. so this gives the dough

a more crunchy texture. during meeting the mixture can't be allowed to get to warm . the ideal temperature is 24 to 26 degrees celsius. the window test is important. gets higher, the seasonal police shows that the structure has been needed really well. it's nice and smooth the last day, which, which is lucky. rhone slate to room to bark. the pastor needing the tow needs to arrest again. now with added ingredients, it continues to rise. but in pollution, the way the rolls are prepared is crucial. the flour doesn't give them too much flavor, the moist flavored during segmentation and the salt is also important to develop a good overall flavor under roma event. i'm sure not a whole mountain construct signed book always visit catalina shell from the karlsruhe institute of technology has studied the properties of various bread recipes. it's not so much the type of grain that determines how healthy

a role is. wheaton, spelled, for example, are closely related. what makes their own more healthy because when whole meal flour is used, whole meal flour contains the grains nutrient rich husk gets germ, which contains fat and its endo, spar white flour. on the other hand is made only from the endo spar, which consists largely of starch and gluten infliction common it's always true. the whole nail rolls healthy and rolls made of white flour high for me. yeah, that's just because of what's in whole meal flour for, for me, it contains more minerals, movies, maintenance and also mill fiber which are very important for a healthy diet. didn't feel any cause one to any of them just extent. a white role also causes your blood sugar to rise more quickly and fall more sharply and afterwards, withhold the flour. the fiber ensures that you feel full for longer and the curved

falls more slowly. after about an hour of resting the dough, heidi chanel sun forms the rolls. dragging them across the table, firms up the surface. this helps the buttons keep their shape later. the dough has been left to mature for another hour. it's now been a total of 20 hours since the process was started or even many large bakeries are starting to allow longer for the dough to rise. this makes the bread more easily digestible. researchers have also found that it stays fresh for longer, and the minerals in the role are more easily absorbed and disease can break down sugar molecules and their flower more effectively. these include so called font maps, which are sugars that control their food. intolerance is, was on the 5th just as then what we found, that if you take it relatively quickly, like every concrete book tells you today, listed, then we, they said that the rice

a half an hour, then bake it, then all the fuck them up. so it's done in the even after an hour of rising time, all 5 maps are still present in the dough. but after 2 and a half hours, it's just over 30 percent. at after 4 and a half hours of rising, almost all 5 maps have been broken down. only 10 percent remain. normally the sugar molecules are digested in the small intestine, but in people within tolerances, fod maps are not properly digested here and enter the large intestine. instead they are, they are broken down by intestinal bacteria. this process produces gases among other things which can lead to flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea. people with a certain form of irritable bowel syndrome are particularly affected. so for a role to be more digestible, it needs to have more time to rest. ask your baker if you want to know more details

. our roles are finally ready for the event. cutting them down, the middle insures they split open in a controlled manner during vacant. for the vacant process itself, it's important to add water. as it evaporates, the vapor settled on the surface of the doe, keeping it elastic. this later creates a good cross that extra step in the process, but definitely worth while. the it's the moment of truth, the rolls are now fresh out of the oven. heidi slowed mind has invited friends to her bakery to try them out. they are especially keen on the spelt and roy recipe. sure, nice and crispy. and then also taste the seeds that are rented kind of house, you know, in the engine. it's good. it's good enough for the feed, so the better with a little practice anyone can make their own delicious and healthy bread rolls at

home. that's it for this wave on tomorrow today dw science show. thanks for watching and see you again. next time, the, [000:00:00;00]

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