on the very was not what makes the get the gen loves yeah. and binding thing away from the fun. i'm not even allowed to go to my own car. and everyone was later holes in every day stuff. getting you ready to meet the gentleman enjoying me. rachel stood on dw, looks delicious, but what's the environmental impact of our favorite foods? where are they produced? that they've been transported halfway around the world? shouldn't we be eating food that stores locally? takes potato this. they have grown in europe, but for how much longer? what would happen if climate change put a stop to european potato production? we take a look at research initiatives, making potatoes fit for the future. this is more coming up on tomorrow today.

welcome to the show. the great thing is being placed in these tiny fluwens. could they eventually produce new climate resistant varieties of potato? eustace boom is one of germany's biggest potato grow its work done in his greenhouse plays a big role in decisions about which spud's make it onto the nation's plates. first, then determines what properties in new variety should have, such as heats hunterman, or long shelf life. then to plants across, put a nice in the flowers of the mother plant, who's putting in the father and put into hundreds of thousands of seedlings produce new varieties, like the lesser or you're a visa, a decades can go by. that's due to the many selections that some characteristics

that have potato needs to have cut off. there are lots of considerations. a potato i buy in the supermarket should look fans, and it should be uniform. so you should have nice skin c. so it's your taste good. and there are other complex issues as well in the complexity. so we basically need to reinvent the potato and a specific, formally a fitness and potato plants have lots of enemies, pest pathogens. and most importantly, the climate crisis could have situation soon arise like to sauces that occurred in the mid 19th century. but then especially an island blind sled to corrupt failures and famines. driving integration. one reason why potatoes worked road in monona coaches and domestic diversity was low it's been an issue today. ready a visit to the company, cut off and home and in the town if it's in here, potatoes associated washed, unpackaged supermarkets throughout gemini,

beloved strong summit fit potentially farm is hauled in 2022. the harvest volume in the country filed by over 5 percent due to the climate, even though the overall acreage has increased when ground water level strong irrigation becomes a necessity and it's expensive. so follow breeders have mostly succeeded in creating varieties that can come with less rainfall, but the environment is changing rapidly as one of these important items and not the least inductor and c max and a huge problem in the current climate crisis. both the high temperatures and the water shortage caught those and we're in temperatures rise above 40 degrees stocks collapses. because we need to develop varieties that can handle that kind of heat and are also drought taller and nice and divide those potatoes also have to be able to endure heavy rain or the occasional thunderstorm to cook new genes safe to potato. this is the i p k, like let's, it's that you think got is leaving tia i,

the cultural scientist menu made a not of visit samples from a 2000 potato varieties frozen and liquid nitrogen minus 196 degrees celsius. the genetic material comes from view ripple south america. it gives me potatoes 10 to skins. alternative is high, used the french fries and potato chips. and the choir tanks also still genes that make potatoes moved around resistant disclose to put inside of the great potential in cryo preservation is that you can store this enormous diversity with all its resistance tolerance and diversity in one place, compactly in a container. and if needed, make it available to breed is and scientists or even private individual. and so that is one. so for fuel state and con, before freezing the plants that propagated in test to money way in august has developed a global strategy to preserve for tases diversity. she's working on behalf of the

crop track, an international organization, seeking to preserve cross adversity. to do this novel travel to south america, to the book takes place on festal home, between the size of being cultivated in the caribbean. and these, the 8000 is even today through has the greatest potato diversity in the world. red ones, blue ones, some with very different tastes. these a t for tom good here, and we just don't have that much diversity here in europe and that's fine. the 1st potatoes came to europe in 1562. and from then on potatoes were bred from that gene to be 5 is which means this enormous diversity state in the and these has. so that's why this great treasure of genetic diversity is which we can maybe use to make potatoes resisted to diseases, pests drought, and heat stress as close as pencils. i'm and it's not just the genes of previous

cultivated potatoes, while south american specie saw, obviously being served for the future. will that mean a reach even nation of the to the potato genes can be frozen in the cry or bank for over a 100 years. but the potato is not an easy candidate to breed. the plant is what's called a touch of light. it has full sets of chromosomes, not just to like humans, whether desire traits, image from cross breeding, is therefore much more a matter of luck. the potatoes complex t name wasn't even decoded until 2020 to the genes in the car event. our treasure trade for breed is cool, but the cryo bank simply offers the chance to conserve varieties and very specific genetics over the very long term. because today we don't necessarily know whether there's resistance at one plant or another that might be needed 50 years down the road. so here we can preserve the full genetic diversity of talking about the

development of new varieties. could be accelerated by a methods like chris, a kind of genetics visits that could be used to specific agents, the resistance beings from peruvian, cultivated on what potatoes into the varieties that could allow individual genes. the heat resistance, for example, to be combined or easily with blight resistance genes, the innovation within the field and greenhouse becoming increasingly important. and the common climate crisis. se would ensure that all stays with cuba will continue to land on flights well into the future. the great thing about the types of following is that it's climate friendly. the crop has a low carbon footprint, much lower than right? so for example, the trouble begins when, but take those off, processed and say into fries. this can seems

a lot of energy and if that will cover the intensive fits time, we still have to pay more attention to the environmental impacts of what we what we eat directly, impacts global warming. global food production is responsible for 15 to 30 percent of all c o 2 emissions. experts don't completely agree on the number just yet. even at 15 percent, that's a higher number than the emissions caused by all transport worldwide. this creates an immense strain on the climate in every food has a different climate footprint which changes, depending on how it's grown, produced, packaged and transported. this footprint is calculated a so called c o 2 equivalents intended to standardize how different greenhouse

gases effect the climate. in addition to c, o 2, there are other greenhouse gases and their impact varies greatly. when a greenhouse is heated, the warehouse is cool, where a food product is transported. this causes c o 2 emissions when callous digest food, they produce me say, or c h 4, which is then released into the environment as a greenhouse gas, me saying it's 28 times more powerful than c o 2. and there are over a 1000000000 cows worldwide when fertilizer and the new or used in the soil, tiger culture produces a 3rd problematic gas, nitrous oxide, or n 20, which leaks into the atmosphere. nitrous oxide is 12 times worse for the climate than me thing. and $300.00 times worse than c o 2. when combined, all these greenhouse gas emissions are called c o 2 equivalence,

abbreviated as c o 2 e. the industrial meet production is bad for the climate and that's driving demand for alternative plant based sources of protein. for example, the june such as chick peas. these can also cope well with climate change because it's a crop that doesn't need much water. but farmers in germany, you're still working out how to ensure conditions are just right for check t cultivation. these farm is preparing check the seats, the sewing since the palms is not native to central european soils. the menu only adding specific bacteria that help pick caption nitrogen and reduce the need for fuss and lies in the process. the form is who as simple measure will allow them to grow most sustainable protein rich plants from the lagoon family by the 20th must

be a couple of them with crops like broad beams or a piece of which are native. here the bacteria are already present in my soil, but with soy beans and should be the bacterial strain, isn't there yet to see that between them is like you stand out in the plot, weld the being able to produce that and fuss, eliza with the 8 of those special bacteria, that's why in europe, krupps like keys and beans, voluminous favorites with farmers because growing them actively improve soil quality. rather than depleting, it says nutrients. so the chip piece of ground without also official fertilizes. and if all goes well, the farm is can also do without also official irrigation. the check palm to volt and dry, middle east and climates and can get by with little rain full because the ones the off we tried to plant them around 2 and a half centimeters deep and boy started to get the germination process going. but the advantage of this legume is that it loves dry soil, is at 12 and leavings. check pay so not grown often here in germany me. but that

could change in the future. juicer, human and juice, climate change, which is causing hasa and dryer. whether there's an image, legal, main, olson, the, we're looking for leg gyms that we can easily more catch it. and ones that are more acute and drop resistant then broad beans or, and he's, that's why we decided on the chick page wasn't good. it's got a lot of uses and it's nutritious, so they have these analysis, the lowest quote. the next top list is already sprouting. well, to, to load the surface, we can already see the 1st rives in melted. cycling is a crop scientist. what does it mean that wasn't lied? so we want to find out if legumes can help make a hybrid culture more sustainable and adaptable to climate change. and we also want to see whether or not they can make it to affects less extreme bias was a sort of climate protection if you, well, that's pretty much what's in fact,

thanks to the bacteria on that root nodules, chick peas and all the games contribute to much nitrogen to the soil that even the next pond squared on that feels benefit. that means future corrupts, couldn't a little to know. also official 1st, eliza legumes, the only grow known about 2 percent of german crop land in recent decades. cone, grain and rate seed has become so widespread that many lagoons are imported soybeans in particular. that's little mind if there's one that's what's happening. i'd love to see us so establish that legumes are formed on 10 percent of the airable land here, and it does all the if it's economically viable for the farmers. and there's a market for and upsets next to give in rwanda, for example. the beans are grown on a large scale because they're a staple for that's used in many dishes there and making soil for them easy to find . but marketing is still proving a challenge for ben,

how to fund them of it. he's still trying to sell the organic a piece from his last 3 years of farming and comfortable in digging. that's like it's, it's not easy to sell this stuff right now. the price still isn't quite what we need it to be to break even. but we know that it's pioneering work. yeah, but that's just me. i'll, i'm an eviction a is also something of a pioneer. a few years ago, she found it and checked piece next company in leipzig. she says she's glad to a sounds of climate friendly business model. mission the all that's came of under climate change of the lease, me feeling helpless. all the way over here is oh for the everything is going to be when you rarely get any specific ideas for the solution of a problem. and then also concrete. and sometimes i wanted to have my phone something with my business or i feel confident that i'm on the right. oh, okay. that's on the emotion. a group of times that has the potential council that's climate change. i just pulled himself happened to my lender and digging. so the

next batch of a crunchy climate friendly chick peas is on its way to a big german supermarket chain. if demand keeps increasing, it will in turn, help pharma sustainably transform. that feels if you've never tried them, that delicious and us, we just found out chicopee cultivation requires very little irrigation. that's a major bonus because worldwide agriculture accounts, the 2 thirds of all fresh will to use. and in some places, drinking was it is in short supply, including and uruguay, which is currently going through its west drowsing over a 100 years or in southern europe, which is seeing rankled high temperatures. both his gas achieve, their and other places is a growing threat. even the swiss of starting to protect that will sure sofas bases of water reservoir in the village of when ground water, it begins to rent. no, it fills up again and the to our phones,

the end of the shilling a to see research in grandma to this been a shortage of it in this region for decades. aquifers like these could help replenish supply, enjoy areas, positions, daughter who so we definitely need to anticipate bottlenecks. we're already dealing with those. now let's say it's, it's very today occurred during the hot or summer months. it's simple. it happens where ground water is not readily available. i think that it's slowly growing more scarce. switzerland in general, has enough ground water because it's regularly replenished by slow and rain. when it runs low riddle will take and make up the show for us, but this river does in x to make it fit for use middle water. it gets this pumped into a settling basin player. it's passed to gravel filters from this. it drains into what's called a re challenge base and then subsequently seeps through filtering sun into the

ground water in the future to mount the ground water will rise, especially during dry a few minutes. we haven't noticed there are of course conflicting interest just sitting close to this ground water is used for many purposes as drinking water. for example, summer mentality, the loan, the climate change will become more of an issue along with crop irrigation. the, especially when it comes to vegetable products, which are water intensive because there's more ground water needs to be available, make the investments if they've been coughing for the civic switch scenarios. reveal the us climate change progresses, demand for which is the rise by as much as the food, especially in agriculture. but the example in spanish shows that even with all the official ways to, to pick up supplies of special to a no n. v. as in the, the limiting factor is the rental from the b is itself also during the dry summer

months and something parts of the river only transpose 2 cubic meters to 2nd, to be close to cool, and then a southfield. so of course that limits how much can be pumped out of the fish and the river also need water that to us to be factored into future water supply models . the know for a completely different topic. food is about so much more than just getting the need to see need. they can also they still moved, but delicious isn't always good for us. it's all about getting the science right. the fresh, crusty bread rolls. we wanted to know what makes it a good role, and so are any of them actually housing. we spoke to 3 food chemistry experts to

get their opinion on the matter and visited baker, heidi slots on to see how she works. our magic. she's going to show us how to make bread rolls at home. we're trying to recipes, classic roles made from wheat flour and as an alternative ones made with spells and dried. bose look good, but is spelt and dry roll healthier than a classic one made with white flour. what are the experts say? you comp, say roles made with wheat flour, spelled so riot was imagining, unhealthy or unhealthy? you know, don't concern doesn't. the type of flower is more a matter of taste unless you have a specific food and tolerance. friday float months 1st, secret from making excellent roles is what's known as a free furnace, which is that portion of dough that's made in advance. water, salt and yeast are mixed with flour, the itself,

and then for tags that we need to present and just to give the time to grow and to see if it allows us to use the highest on big and then matures all night. we test the big advantage that we don't have to have so much ease the next day that improves the aroma and makes the roles more digestible. chi bunch of data by the end portion. the g works overnight. it's enzymes breakdown the storage and the flower sugar, alcohol, assets, and c o 2 are released in the process that creates flavor. but this whole process takes time. it continues the next day when more flour and water are added along with milk and honey, which also boost flavor while needing heidi should not mind as a mixture of seeds to this felt and dried out, including sunflower. so this gives the doe

a more crunchy texture. during meeting the mixture can't be allowed to get to warm . the ideal temperature is 24 to 26 degrees celsius. the window test is important. that's like the seasonal police shows that the structure has been needed really well last. it's nice and smooth and the last day which will put you in the wrong slate. jerome subaru, after needing the tow needs to arrest again. now with added ingredients, it continues to rise. but in pollution, the way the rolls are prepared is crucial. the flour doesn't give them too much flavor, the moist flavored during segmentation and the salt is also important to develop a good overall flavor under roma event. i'm sure not a whole mountain construct signed book always visit catalina shell from the karlsruhe institute of technology has studied the properties of various bread recipes. it's not so much the type of grain that determines how healthy

a role is. wheaton, spelled, for example, are closely related. what makes their own more healthy because when whole meal flour is used, whole meal flour contains the grains nutrient rich husk gets germ, which contains fat and its endo sparks. white flour on the other hand is made only from the endo spar, which consists largely of starch and gluten infliction common. it's always true. the whole nail rolls healthy and rolls made of white flour high for me. yeah, that's just because of what's in whole meal flour and for fun, may contain from the minerals move as most and also know fiber, which a very important for a healthy diet didn't feel any cause when to any of them just extent a white role also causes your blood sugar to rise more quickly and fall more sharply afterwards. with whole meal flour, the fiber ensures that you feel full for longer and the curved falls more slowly.

after about an hour of resting the dough, heidi shelton forms the rolls. dragging them across the table, firms up the surface. this helps the buttons keep their shape later. the dough has been left to mature for another hour. it's now been a total of 20 hours since the process was started. even many large bakeries are starting to allow longer for the dough to rise. this makes the bread more easily digestible. researchers have also found that it stays fresh for longer, and the minerals in the role are more easily absorbed. and these can break down sugar molecules and the flower more effectively. these include so called fob maps, which are sugars that can trigger food intolerance is, was on the 5th, is doesn't what we found that if you take it relatively quickly, like every concrete book tells you today, let's do. and then we, they say let the to rise to half an hour, then bake it,

then all the fuck them up. so it's done in the even after an hour of rising time, all 5 maps are still present in the dough. but after 2 and a half hours, it's just over 30 percent. and after 4 and a half hours of rising, almost all 5 maps have been broken down. only 10 percent remain. normally the sugar molecules are digested in the small intestine, but in people within tolerances, fod maps are not properly digested here and enter the large intestine. instead they are, they are broken down by intestinal bacteria. this process produces gases among other things which can lead to flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea. people with a certain form of irritable bowel syndrome are particularly affected. so for a role to be more digestible, it needs to have more time to rest. ask your baker if you want to know more details

. our roles are finally ready for the cutting them down. the middle ensures they split open in a controlled manner. during bacon. for the baking process itself, it's important to add water. as it evaporates, the vapor settles on the surface of the doe, keeping it elastic. this later creates a good, crossed an extra step in the process, but definitely worth while. it's the moment of truth. the rolls are now fresh out of the of that highly slowed mind has invited friends to her bakery to try them out there, especially keen on the spelt and dry recipes. sure, nice and crispy schmidt and then also taste the seeds that are rented kind of house . you know, in the engine. it's good. it's good enough for the seats. the better with a little practice anyone can make their own delicious and healthy bread rolls at

home. that's it for this wave on tomorrow to day dw science show. thanks for watching and see you again. next time the, [000:00:00;00]

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