to jim was 6 winning offers worldwide. and for every language level, learning german has never been simpler. german to go, the looks delicious. but what's the environmental impact of our favorite foods? where are they produced? that they've been transported halfway around the world? shouldn't we be eating food that stores locally takes potato this? they have grown in europe, but for how much longer. what would happen if climate change put a stop to european potato production? we take a look at research initiatives, making potatoes fit for the future. this is more coming up on tomorrow today.

welcome to the show. the great thing is being placed in these tiny fluwens. could they eventually produce new climate resistant varieties of potatoes? eustace boom is one of germany's biggest potato grow its work done in his greenhouse plays a big role in decisions about which spots make it onto the nations. plates 1st then determines what properties in new variety should have, such as heats hundreds or long shelf life. then 2 plants across, put a nice in the flowers of the mother plant whose poland and the father put into hundreds of thousands of seedlings which is new varieties, like the lesser or you're a visa, a decades can go by. that's due to the many selections, steps and characteristics that have to take that needs to of good places to cut off

. there are lots of considerations. a potato i buy in the supermarket should look fans, and it should be uniform. so you should have nice skin things, it's your taste good. and there are other complex issues as well in the complexity . so we basically need to reinvent the potato and a specific formally fitness and potato plants have lots of enemies, pest pathogens. and most importantly, the climate crisis could have situation soon arise light to sauces that occurred in the mid 19th century. but then especially an island blind sled to crop failures and famine driving integration. one reason why potatoes worked road in monona coaches and domestic diversity was low. it's been an issue today, a visit to the company, cut off and home and in the town if it's in here, potatoes associated washed unpackaged supermarkets throughout gemini,

the long strong summit fit potentially farm is hauled in 2022. the harvest volume in the country filed by over 5 percent due to the climate, even though the overall acreage has increased. when ground water level strong invocation becomes a necessity and it's expensive. so far, breeders have mostly succeeded in creating varieties that can come with less rain full, but the environment is changing rapidly as one of the simple things and not the least inductor and c max and a huge problem in the current climate crisis. both the high temperatures and the water shortage is got those and we're in temperatures rise above 40 degrees stocks collapses because we need to develop varieties that can handle that kind of heat and are also drought taller. and maybe some divide those potatoes also have to be able to endure heavy rain or the occasional thunderstorm to cook new genes safe to potato. this is the i p k. like let's it's did you think god has labeled here? i have a cultural site just manually, the nato visit samples from

a 2000 potato varieties frozen and liquid nitrogen minus 196 degrees celsius. the genetic material comes from us or south america. it gives me potatoes 10 to skins, or the live is high yields the french fries and potato chips and the crow time. also still genes that make potatoes moved around resistance disclose to put inside of the great potential in cryo preservation is that you can store this enormous diversity with all its resistance tolerance and diversity in one place, compactly in a container. and if needed, make it available to breed is and scientists or even private individual. and so that is one. so for fuel state and con, before freezing the plants that propagated in test to money way in august has developed a global strategy to preserve potations diversity. she's working on behalf of the

crop chest, an international organization seeking to preserve cross adversity. to do this novel travel to south america, to the book takes place on festal home, between the size of being cultivated in the caribbean, and these, the over 8000 years. even today through has the greatest potato diversity in the world. red ones, blue ones, some with very different tastes. these a t for tom. good. here. we just don't have that much diversity here in your that's fine. the 1st potatoes came to europe in 1562, and from then on potatoes with bread from that gene to e. 5 is, which means this enormous diversity state in the end, the sooner cool. so that's why this great treasure of genetic diversity is which we can maybe use to make potatoes resisted to diseases, pests drought, and heat stress. this is pennsylvania, and it's not just the genes of breezy and cultivated potatoes,

while south american species also being served for the future. will that mean a reach even nation of the, to the potato janes can be frozen in the cry, or bank for over a 100 years. but the potato is not an easy candidates, a breed. the plant is what's called a tetra floyd. it has full sets of chromosomes, not just to like humans, whether design traits and much from cross breeding is therefore much more a matter of luck. the potatoes complex t name wasn't even decoded until 2020 to the genes in the car event. our treasure try for breed is cool, but the cryo bank simply offers the chance to conserve varieties and very specific genetics or the very long term. because today we don't necessarily know whether there's resistance that one plant or another that might be needed 50 years down the road. so here we can preserve the full genetic diversity of talking about the

development of new varieties. could be accelerated by a methods like chris, a kind of genetics visits that could be used to specific agents, the resistance beings from peruvian, cultivated on what potatoes into the varieties that could allow individual genes. the heat resistance, for example, to be combined or easily with blank resistance genes, the innovation within the field find greenhouse becoming increasingly important. and the common climate crisis say you would ensure that all favorite cuba will continue to land on flights well into the future. the great thing about the types of farming is that it's climate friendly. the crop has a low carbon footprint, much lower than right? so for example, the trouble begins when, but take those off processed se, into fries. this can seems a lot of sense. jason is bethel colvin intensive. it's time we still have to pay

more attention to the environmental impacts of what we what we directly impact global warming. global food production is responsible for 15 to 30 percent of all c o 2 emissions. experts don't completely agree on the number just yet, even at 15 percent, that's a higher number than the emissions caused by all transport worldwide. this creates an immense strain on the climate in every food has a different climate footprint which changes, depending on how it's grown, produced, packaged and transported. this footprint as calculated a so called c o 2 equivalence intended to standardize how different greenhouse gases effect the climate. in addition to c, o 2,

there are other greenhouse gases and their impact varies greatly. when a greenhouse is heated, the warehouse is cool, where a food product is transported. this causes c o 2 emissions. when cal's digest food, they produce me say, or c h 4, which has been released into the environment as a greenhouse gas, me saying is 28 times more powerful than c o 2. and there are over a 1000000000 calls worldwide. when fertilizer in the new or used in the soil, tiger culture produces a 3rd problematic gas, nitrous oxide, or n 20, which leaks into the atmosphere. nitrous oxide is 12 times worse for the climate than me thing. and $300.00 times worse than c o 2. when combined, all these greenhouse gas emissions are called c o 2 equivalents, abbreviated as c o 2 e

industrial meet production is bad for the climate, and that's driving demand for alternative plant based sources of protein. for example, the june such as chick periods, these can also cope well with climate change because it's a crop that doesn't need much water. but farmers in germany are still working out how to ensure conditions are just right for check p cultivation. these farm is preparing check p seats the sewing since the palms is not native to central european soils, the menu only adding specific bacteria that help pick caption nitrogen and reduce the need for fuss and license in the process. the form is who as simple measure will allow them to grow most sustainable protein rich plants from the lagoon. family by the 20th must be a couple of them with crops like broad beams or keys which are native here. the

bacteria are already present in massage oil, but with soy beans and shouldn't be the bacterial strain, isn't there yet to see that between them is like gym standouts and the pump wild. the being able to produce that. and 1st, eliza with the 8 of those special bacteria. that's why in europe corrupt slight keys and beans, voluminous favorites with farmers because growing them actively improve soil quality. rather than depleting, it says nutrients. so the chip piece of ground without also official fertilizes. and if all goes well, the farm is, can also do without also official irrigation. the check plants evolved and drain middle east and climates and can get by with little rainfall. because the ones the off, we try to plant them around 2 and a half centimeters deep and boy started to get the germination process going. but the advantage of this legume is that it loves dry soil, is at 12 leavings. check pay, so not good. and also in here in germany,

but that could change in the future. juiciest human and geez, climate change, which is causing hasa and dryer. whether there's an email, legally noise, the via, we're looking for the jims that we can easily more catch it and ones that are more acute and drop resistant then broad beans or keys. that's why we decided on the chick page wasn't good. it's got a lot of uses and it's nutritious, so they open this and alex is a little this quote. the next top list is already sprouting. below the surface, we can already see the 1st rives in moffatt cycling is a corrupt scientist. what does open legal mean northern lights? so we want to find out if legumes can help make on agriculture more sustainable and adaptable to climate change. and we also want to see whether or not they can make it to affect less extreme bias was a sort of climate protection if you, well, that's pretty much what's in fact,

thanks to the bacteria on that written on jewels chick peas and all the games contribute so much nitrogen to the soil that even the next pond squared on that feels benefit. that means future corrupts could need little to know also official fuss. eliza legumes only grew known about 2 percent of german cro plans in recent decades. comb, grain and rate seed has become so widespread that many lagoons are imported soybeans in particular. that's never mind if he's the one that was trusting, i'd love to see us so established that legumes are farmed on 10 percent of the airable land here. and it does all the if it's economically viable for the farmers . and there's a market for and upsets neck to get in real wanda, for example, the beans are grown on a large scale because they're a stable for that's used in many dishes there and making soil for them easy to find . but marketing is still proving a challenge for ben, how to fund the moffatts. he's still trying to sell the organic chick piece from

his last 3 years of foaming, including the thing that's what gets buried is not easy to sell this stuff right now. the price still isn't quite what we need it to be to break even. but we know that it's pioneering work. yeah. why? it's uh the system to all. i'm an eviction is also something of a pioneer. a few years ago, she found it and checked piece next company in leipzig. she says she's glad to have found the climate friendly business model. mission that all that came up under climate change often leaves me feeling helpless. only with a here is oh for the everything is going to be a new really get any specific ideas, the solution of homestead and then also calculate the concept. so when it have my phone, something with my business or i feel confident was that i'm on the right. oh, okay. that's on the promotion. a group of plans that has the potential to counteract the climate change of a spoken sounds happened to my lender and the next batch of crunchy climate

friendly chick peas is on its way to a big german supermarket chain. if demand keeps increasing, it will in turn, help pharma sustainably transform that feels if you've never tried them, that delicious and us, we just found out chicopee cultivation requires very little irrigation. that's a major bonus because worldwide agriculture accounts the 2 thirds of all fresh will to use. and in some places, drinking was it is in short supply, including in uruguay, which is currently going through its west drowsing over a 100 years or in southern europe, which is seeing record high temperature is also scarcity. there. and other places is a growing threat. even the swiss of stopping to protect that will sure sofas bases of water reservoir in the village. but when ground water it begins to run. no, it fills up again. and that's what so is that an olive

a shilling to see research in grandma to this? been a shortage of it in this region for decades? aquifers like these could help replenish supply, enjoy areas, positions, daughter who so we definitely need to anticipate the bottom that we're already dealing with those now. and so it's, it's very today occurred during the hot or summer months, a symbol. it happens where ground water is not readily available. i think that it's slowly growing more scarce. switzerland in general, has enough ground water because it's regularly replenished by slow and rain. when it runs low, rid of water can make up the shortfall as the bits river does in x. to make it fit for use middle water, it gets this pumped into a settling basin where it's passed to gravel filters from this it drains into what's called a recharged base and then subsequently seats through filtering sand into the ground

water in the future to mount the ground water will rise, especially during dry up here. we have in the notes. there are of course conflicting interest. visiting plus is around water is used for many purposes as drinking water, for example, supplement with the loan about climate change will become more of an issue along with crop irrigation. the especially when it comes to vegetable products which are water intensive. this is more ground water needs to be available, make the investments if they've been coughing for the civic. with scenarios reveal that us climate change progresses, demand for which is a good rise, quite as much as a food, especially in agriculture. but the example in spanish shows that even with all the official ways to top it up supplies of special to a no n v. as in the, the limiting factor is the run of from the b is itself also during the dry summer

months and some parts of the river need transport 2 cubic meters to 2nd because the cool and then of helpful. so of course that limits how much can be pumped hourly between the fish and the river. also need water that to has to be factored into future water supply models. the snow for a completely different topic. food is about so much more than just getting to the truth. so you need they can also, they still moved, but delicious isn't always good for us. it's all about getting the science right. the fresh, crusty bread rolls. we wanted to know what makes a good role and so are any of them actually housing. we spoke to 3 food chemistry

experts to get their opinion on the matter and visited baker, heidi sl outside to see how she works. her magic. she's going to show us how to make bread rolls at home. we're trying to recipes, classic roles made from wheat flour and as an alternative ones made with spells and rod. both look good, but as a spelt and ry roll healthier than a classic one made with white flour. what are the experts say? you can't say roles made with wheat, flour spelt or riot, was imagining a healthy or unhealthy. you know, don't concern doesn't. the type of flower is more a matter of taste unless you have a specific food and tolerance. body slowed minds burst secret from making excellent roles is what's known as a free furnace, which is that portion of dough that's made in advance. water, salt and yeast are mixed with flour, a default,

and then for tags that we need to present and different to give the time to grow and to see if it allows us to use the high standing and then the choose all night. we test the big advantage that we don't have to add so much ease the next day that improves the aroma and makes the roles more digestible. chi bunch paid off by the input from the east works overnight. it's enzymes breakdown the storage and the flower sugar, alcohol, assets, and c o 2 are released in the process that creates flavor. but this whole process takes time. it continues the next day when more flour and water are added along with milk and honey, which also boost flavor while needing heidi should don't mind as a mixture of seeds that is felt and dried out, including sunflower. so this gives the dough a more crunchy texture. during meeting the mixture can't be allowed to get to warm

. the ideal temperature is 24 to 26 degrees celsius. the window test is important. gets higher, the seasonal police shows that the structure has been needed really well. last. it's nice and smooth the last day which will put use of left the rolls later on. so barking after needing the tow needs to arrest again. now with added ingredients, it continues to rise. but in pollution, the way the rolls are prepared is crucial. the flour doesn't give them too much flavor, the moist flavored during segmentation and the salt is also important to develop a good overall flavor under roma event. i'm sure not a whole mountain construct signed book, almost visit catalina shell from the karlsruhe institute of technology has studied the properties of various bread recipes. it's not so much the type of grain that determines how healthy a role is. wheaton, spelled, for example,

are closely related. what makes their own more healthy because when whole meal flour is used, told me, or flour contains the grains nutrient rich hust gets germ, which contains fat and its endo sparks. white flour on the other hand is made only from the endo spar, which consists largely of starch and gluten infliction common. it's always true the whole nail rolls healthy and rolls made of white flour, hyphen yeah, that's just because of what's in whole meal flour for, for me, it contains more minerals, movies, maintenance and also know fiber which are very important for a healthy diet. didn't feel any concern to any of them just except a white roll also causes your blood sugar to rise more quickly and fall more sharply and afterwards, withhold the flour. the fiber ensures that you feel full for longer and the curved falls more slowly. after about an hour of resting the dough,

heidi shelton forms the rolls. dragging them across the table, firms up the surface. this helps the buttons keep their shape later. the dough has been left to mature for another hour. it's now been a total of 20 hours since the process was started. even many large bakeries are starting to allow longer for the dough to rise. this makes the bread more easily digestible. researchers have also found that it stays fresh for longer, and the middle us in the role are more easily absorbed. and these can break down sugar molecules and the flower more effectively. these include so called font maps, which are sugars that control their food intolerances was on the 5th just as then what we found that if you take it relatively quickly, like every concrete book tells you today, let's do. and then we, they say let the to rise to half an hour, then bake it, then all of fuck them up. so it's done in the even after an hour of rising time,

all 5 maps are still present in the go. but after 2 and a half hours, it's just over 30 percent. at after 4 and a half hours of rising, almost all fod maps have been broken down. only 10 percent remain. normally the sugar molecules are digested in the small intestine, but in people within tolerances, fod maps are not properly digested here and enter the large intestine. instead they are, they are broken down by intestinal bacteria. this process produces gases among other things which can lead to flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea. people with a certain form of irritable bowel syndrome are particularly affected. so for a role to be more digestible, it needs to have more time to rest. ask your baker if you want to know more details . our roles are finally ready for the cutting them down. the middle insures they

split open in a controlled manner during vacant for the vacant process itself. it's important to add water. as it evaporates, the vapor settles on the surface of the doe, keeping it elastic. this later, it creates a good, crossed an extra step in the process, but definitely worth while the. it's the moment of truth, the rolls are now fresh out of the oven. heidi slowed mind has invited friends to her bakery to try them out there, especially keen on the spelt and dry recipes. sure, nice and crispy schmidt, and then also taste the seeds that are rented kind of house, you know, in the engine. it's good school. kinda sort of feeds the bell with a little practice. anyone can make their own delicious and healthy bread rolls at home. that's it for this wave on tomorrow to day

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