the world wide and such you know, this is a very difficult journey and one is very hard. they beat you everything on your stuff, find out about some on stores. and so migraines, reliable news to migrate. the looks delicious. but what's the environmental impact of our favorite foods? where are they produced? have they been transported halfway around the world? shouldn't we be eating food that stores locally? takes potato this. they have grown in europe, but for how much longer. what would happen if climate change put a stop to european potato production? we take a look at research initiatives,

making potatoes fit for the future. this is more coming up on tomorrow today. welcome to the show. the great thing is being placed in these tiny fluwens. could they eventually produce new climate resistant varieties of potato? eustace boom is one of germany's biggest potato grow its work done in his greenhouse plays a big role in decisions about which spud's make it onto the nation's plates. first, then determines what properties in the variety should have, such as heats 100 minutes or a long shelf life. then to glance across, put a nice in the flowers of the mother plant, who's putting in the father and put into hundreds of thousands of ceilings, which is new varieties, like the lesser or you're a visa, a decades can cause mind. that's due to the many selection steps and

characteristics that are potato needs to have content to use the cutoff. there are lots of considerations. a potato i buy in the supermarket should look fancy. it should be uniform and should have nice skin things. it's your taste good. and there are other complex issues as well in the complexity. so we basically need to reinvent the potato and a specific formally f in listen. the types of plans have lots of entities, pest pathogens. and most importantly, the climate crisis could have situation soon arise. light to soft is that it could in the mid 19th century. but then especially an island blind sled to crop failures and famines. driving integration. one reason why potatoes, what road in monona coaches and domestic diversity was low is still an issue today. a visit to the company cuts off of the home and in the town, if it's in here, potatoes associated washed,

unpackaged supermarkets throughout gemini, the long strong summit of 5th potato farm is hauled in 2022. the harvest volume in the country file by over 5 percent due to the climate, even though the overall acreage has increased. when ground water levels grow, invocation becomes a necessity and it's expensive. so far, breeders have mostly succeeded in creating varieties that can come with less rain full, but the environment is changing rapidly as one of these important items and not to lose the doctor and came back a huge problem in the current climate crisis. both the high temperatures and the water shortage is called 1000 when temperature is rise above 40 degrees docs collapse. and because we need to develop varieties that can handle that kind of heat and are also drought taller and nice and divide those potatoes also have to be able to endure heavy rain or the occasional thunderstorm to cook new genes safe to potato. this is the id, tail lights, nets is the chief thing god has labeled. here,

i've a cultural scientist, money made, and nato visited samples from a 2000 potato varieties frozen and liquid nitrogen minus 196 degrees celsius. the genetic material comes from view ripple south america. it gives me potatoes tend to skins, or the live is high yields, the french fries and potato chips. and the cro time also still genes that make potatoes moved around resistant disclose to put inside of the great potential in cryo preservation is that you can store this enormous diversity with all its resistance tolerance and diversity in one place, compactly in a container. and if needed, make it available to breed is and scientists or even private individual. and so that is one so for fuel day and kind of before freezing the plants that propagated in test tooth money with in august has developed

a global strategy to preserve potations diversity. she's working on behalf of the crop track, an international organization, seeking to preserve cross adversity. to do this novel travel to south america to the texas unsuccessful home, which takes place as being cultivated in the peruvian and these, the 8000 is even today through has the greatest potato diversity in the world. red ones, blue ones, some with very different taste. these are fee for the holiday here, and we just don't have that much diversity here in europe and that's fine. the 1st potatoes came to europe in 1562, and from then on, potatoes were bred from that gene. to be 5 is which means this enormous diversity state in the n d. so that's why these great treasure of genetic diversity is which we can maybe use to make potatoes resistant to diseases, pests drought,

and heat stress. i salute has pencils. i'm on. it's not just the genes of previous cultivated potatoes, while south american specie saw, obviously being served for the future. will that mean a reach even nation of the to the potato janes can be frozen in the cry, or bank for over a 100 years. but the potato, this moment, easy candidates, a breed. the plant is what's called a tetra floyd. it has full sets of chromosomes, not just to like humans, whether design traits and much from cross breeding is therefore much more a matter of luck to potatoes complex t name wasn't even decoded until 2020 to the genes in the car event. our treasure, troy for breed is cool, but the cryo bank simply offers the chance to conserve varieties and very specific genetics over the very long term. because today we don't necessarily know whether there's resistance in one plant or another that might be needed 50 years down the

road. so here we can preserve the full genetic diversity. i don't know who the development of new varieties could be accelerated by a methods like chris, a kind of genetics visits that could be used to specific agents. the resistance beings from peruvian, cultivated on what potatoes into the varieties that could allow individual genes, the heat resistance, for example, to be combined or easily with light resistance genes, the innovation within the field time greenhouse becoming increasingly important in the common climate crisis. se would ensure that all stays with 2 of us will continue to land on the plate well into the future. the great thing about the types of farming is that it's climate friendly. the crop has a low carbon footprint, much lower than, right? so for example, the troubles again just when particulars,

off processed se into fries. this consumes a lot of energy and the staff will call that intensive it's time we still have to pay more attention to the environmental impacts of what we what we eat directly, impacts global warming. global food production is responsible for 15 to 30 percent of all c o 2 emissions. experts don't completely agree on the number just yet. but even at 15 percent, that's a higher number than the emissions caused by all transport worldwide. this creates an immense strain on the climate in every food has a different climate footprint which changes, depending on how it's grown, produced, packaged and transported. this footprint as calculated a so called c o 2 equivalence intended to standardize how different greenhouse

gases effect the climate. in addition to c o 2, there are other greenhouse gases and their impact varies greatly. when a greenhouse, as heat at the warehouse is cool for a food product is transported, this causes c o 2 emissions when cal is digest food, they produce me say, or c h 4, which has been released into the environment as a greenhouse gas. me saying is $28.00 times more powerful than c o 2. and there are over a 1000000000 cows worldwide. when fertilizer in the new or used in the soil, tiger culture produces a 3rd problematic gas, nitrous oxide, or n 20, which leaks into the atmosphere. nitrous oxide is 12 times worse for the climate than me thing and 300 times worse than c o 2. when combined, all these greenhill is gas emissions are called c o 2 equivalence,

abbreviated as c o 2 e industrial meet production is bad for the client, and that's driving demand for alternative plan based sources of protein. for example, the june such as chick peas. these can also cope well with climate change because it's a crop that doesn't need much water. but farmers in germany are still working out how to ensure conditions are just right for check p cultivation. these farm is preparing check the seats, the sewing since the palms is not native to central european soils. the menu only adding specific bacteria that help pick caption nitrogen and reduce the need for fuss and license in the process. the psalm is who as simple measure will allow them to grow most sustainable protein rich plants from the lagoon. family by the 20th,

must be a couple of them with crops like broad beams or peasy, which are native here. the bacteria are already present in my soil. but with soy beans and shouldn't be the bacterial strain, isn't there yet to see that between them is like you stand out in the pump wild to being able to produce that. and 1st, eliza with the 8 of those special bacteria. that's why and your cups light keys and beans, voluminous favorites with farmers because growing them actively improve soil quality . rather than depleting, it says nutrients. so the chip piece of ground without also official fertilizes. and if all goes well, the farm is, can also do without also official irrigation. the check palm to volt and dry, middle east and climates and can get by with little rainfall. because the ones the off we tried to plant them around 2 and a half centimeters deep, and boy started to get the germination process going. but the advantage of this, like you, i'm, is that it loves dry soil,

is it's called the leading chick piece. and not grown often here in germany, but that could change in the future to test human energies, climate change, which is causing halter and dryer. whether there's an email, if that's the legal main ocean. the via, we're looking for the jims that we can easily market sit and ones that are more acute and drop resistant and broad beans or keys. that's why we decided on the chick page. it wasn't good, it's got a lot of uses and it's nutritious. so they open this and it looks is a little bit scored. the next top list is already sprouting. so to load the surface, we can already see the 1st routing moffatt cycling is a crop scientist. what does it mean that wasn't light, so we want to find out if legumes can help make on agriculture more sustainable and adaptable to climate change. and we also want to see whether or not they can make it to affects less extreme bias was a sort of climate protection if you,

well that's chemo schwartz. in fact, thanks to the bacteria on that root nodules, chick peas and other games contribute so much nitrogen to the soil that even the next plan squared on that field benefit. that means future corrupts could need little to know also official. first, eliza legumes, the only grow known about 2 percent of german crop land in recent decades. cone grain and rate seed has become so widespread that many lagoons are imported soybeans. in particular, that's little mind visual. nesbit chopping, i'd love to see us, so establish that legumes are formed on 10 percent of the airable land here, and it does all the if it's economically viable for the farmers. and there's a market for and upsets neck to get pinned rolanda. for example, the themes are grown on a large scale because they're a staple for that's used in many dishes there and making soil for them easy to find . but marketing is still proving a challenge,

the band hops on them of it. he's still trying to sell the organic check piece from his 1st 3 years of forming more than fixing a fuck it's, it's not easy to sell this stuff right now. the price still isn't quite what we need it to be to break even though we know that it's pioneering work. yeah, but that's just in the all. i'm an eviction a is also something of a pioneer. a few years ago, she found it and checked piece next company in leipzig. she says she's glad to a sounds of climate friendly business model. mission the all that's came of under climate change of the lease, me feeling helpless. go all the way over here is oh for the everything is going to be any really get any specific ideas that solution of homestead and then also concrete. and sometimes i wanted to have my phone something with my business or i feel confident that i'm on the right. oh, okay. this promotion a group of funds that has to potentially come to that to climate change of a spoken sales happened to my lender and during the next batch of crunchy climate

friendly chick peas is on its way to a big german supermarket chain. if demand keeps increasing, it will in turn, help pharma sustainably transform left field. if you've never tried them, that delicious and us, we just found out chicopee cultivation requires very little irrigation. that's a major bonus because worldwide agriculture accounts the 2 thirds of all fresh will to use. and in some places, drinking was it is in short supply, including in uruguay, which is currently going through its west drowsing over a 100 years or in southern europe, which is seeing record high temperatures. also scarcity there and other places is a growing threat. even the swiss of starting to protect that will sure sofas. this is a vote advise of why in the village of when ground water begins to run low,

that fills up again. and that to our phones, the end of the shilling to see research and grandma to this been a shortage of it in this region for decades. aquifers like these could help replenish supplying enjoy areas positions or who. so we definitely need to anticipate the bottom that we're already dealing with those now it's, it's very today occurred during the hot or summer months. it's simple. it happens where ground water is not readily available. i think that it's slowly growing more scarce. switzerland in general has enough ground water because it's regularly replenished by slow and rain when it runs low. reusable to can make up the shortfall as if it really does in x. to make it fit for use middle water, it gets this pump into a startling basin where it's passed to gravel filters from this it drains into what's called

a re challenge base. and then subsequently seeps through filtering sand into the ground water in the future to mount the ground water will rise, especially during dry up here we have in the notes, there are of course conflicting interest visiting spots. cities around water is used for many purposes as drinking water. for example, summer mentality. the long about climate change will become more of an issue along with crop irrigation. the, especially when it comes to vegetable products which are water intensive. this is more ground water needs to be available, make the investments if they've been coughing for the civic. with scenarios reveal that us climate change progresses. demand for war today could rise by as much as the food, especially in agriculture. but the example in spanish shows that even with all the official ways to top it up, supplies of special to a no n v, as in the limiting factor is the run off from the business itself. also during the

dry summer months and some parts of the river need transport 2 cubic meters to 2nd before the cool and then as helpful. so of course that limits how much can be pumped hourly between the fish and the river. also need water that to us to be factored into future water supply models the know for a completely different topic. food is about so much more than just getting to the truth. see me. they cannot say they still moved, but delicious isn't always good for us. it's all about getting the science right. the fresh, crusty bread rolls. we wanted to know what makes it a good role and are any of them actually housing?

we spoke to 3 food chemistry experts to get their opinion on the matter and visited baker, heidi slots on to see how she works. our magic, she's going to show us how to make bread rolls at home. we're trying to recipes, classic roles made from wheat flour. and as an alternative, one is made with spelt and ry both look good, but is a spelt and ry roll healthier than a classic one made with white flour. what are the experts say? you can't say roles made with wheat flour, spell sharaya or them magically healthy or unhealthy. you know, don't concern doesn't. the type of flour is more a matter of taste unless you have a specific food and tolerance. heidi float minds 1st secret from making excellent roles is what's known as a free furnace, which has a portion of dough that's made in advance. water, salt,

and cheese are mixed with flour, the vehicle, and then for tags. we need to pre send that to give the time to grow and to see if it allows us to use the high standing and then the choose all night. we test the big advantage that we don't have to add so much ease the next day that improves the aroma and makes the roles more digestible sky bunch of data by the end portion of the east works overnight. it's enzymes breakdown the storage and the flower sugar, alcohol, assets, and c o 2 are released in the process that creates flavor. but this whole process takes time. it continues the next day when more flour and water are added along with milk and honey, which also boost flavor while needing i just don't mind as a mixture of seeds to this felt and dried out,

including sunflower. so this gives the doe a more crunchy texture. during meeting the mixture can't be allowed to get to warm . the ideal temperature is 24 to 26 degrees celsius. the window test is important. that's like the seasonal police shows that the structure has been needed really well. it's nice and smooth the last day, which, which is lucky rolls later on. so back after needing the tow needs to arrest again. now with added ingredients, it continues to rise. but in pollution, the way the rolls are prepared is crucial. the flour doesn't give them too much flavor, the moist flavored during segmentation and the salt is also important to develop a good overall flavor under roma event. i'm sure not a whole mountain construct signed book always visit catalina shell from the karlsruhe institute of technology has studied the properties of various bread

recipes. it's not so much the type of grain that determines how healthy a role is. wheaton, spelled, for example, are closely related. what makes their own more healthy because when whole meal flour is used, whole meal flour contains the grains nutrient rich husk gets germ, which contains fat. and it's endo, spar white flour. on the other hand, just made only from the endo spar, which consists largely of starch and gluten infliction. come on, it's always true. the whole nail rolls healthy and rolls made of white flour, hyphen yeah, that's just because of what's in whole meals flowed from it, contained from the minerals move as most and also know fiber, which a very important for a healthy diet. didn't see any cause one to any of them, at least except a white role also causes your blood sugar to rise more quickly and fall more sharply afterwards. with whole neil flour,

the fiber ensures that you feel full for longer and the curved falls more slowly. after about an hour of resting the doe, heidi shelton forms the rolls, dragging them across the table, firms up the surface. this helps the buttons keep their shape later. the dough has been left to mature for another hour. it's melvin a total of 20 hours since the process was started. or even many large bakeries are starting to allow longer for the dough to rise. this makes the bread more easily digestible. researchers have also found that it stays fresh for longer and the minerals in the role are more easily absorbed. and these can break down sugar molecules and the flower more effectively. these include so called font maps, which are sugars that control their food intolerances is on the 5th. it doesn't what we found, that if you take it relatively quickly, like every concrete book tells you today, let's do that with

a site and let the dough rice a half an hour, then bake it, then all of fuck them up. so it's still in the even after an hour of rising time, all 5 maps are still present in the go. but after 2 and a half hours, it's just over 30 percent. at after 4 and a half hours of rising, almost all 5 maps have been broken down. only 10 percent remain. normally the sugar molecules are digested in the small intestine, but in people within tolerances, fod maps are not properly digested here and entered the large intestine. instead they are, they are broken down by intestinal bacteria. this process produces gases among other things which can lead to flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea. people with a certain form of irritable bowel syndrome are particularly affected. so for a role to be more digestible, it needs to have more time to rest. ask your baker if you want to know more details

. our roles are finally ready for the cutting them down. the middle insures they split open in a controlled manner during vacant for the vacant process itself. it's important to add water. as it evaporates, the vapor settles on the surface of the doe, keeping it elastic. this later creates a good, crossed an extra step in the process, but definitely worth while. the it's the moment of truth, the rolls are now fresh out of the oven. heidi slowed mind has invited friends to her bakery to try them out there, especially keen on this, felt and dry recipe. sure, nice and crispy. and then also taste the seeds that are rented kind of house, you know, in the engine. it's good school kinda defeats the better with a little practice anyone can make their own delicious and healthy bread rolls at

home. that's it for this wave on tomorrow to day dw science show. thanks for watching and see you again next time. the, [000:00:00;00]

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