or is there another way, after all, the environment isn't recyclable, the make up your own mind. d. w, made for mines the looks delicious. but what's the environmental impact of our favorite foods? where are they produced? have they been transported halfway around the world? shouldn't we be eating food that stores locally takes potato this? they have grown in europe, but for how much longer. what would happen if climate change put a stop to european potato production? we take a look at research initiatives, making potatoes fit for the future. this is more coming up on tomorrow today.

welcome to the show. the great thing is being placed in these tiny flowers. could they eventually produce new climate resistant varieties of potatoes? eustace boom is one of germany's biggest potato grow its work done in his greenhouse plays a big role in decisions about which spots make it onto the nations. plates 1st then determines what properties in new variety should have, such as heat tournaments or long shelf life. then to plants across, put and aging the flow is if the mother plant, whose poland and the father put into hundreds of thousands of seedlings produce new varieties like the lesser, or you'll receive a decades can go by. that's due to the many selection steps and characteristics that are protect. it needs to have content to. here's

a cutoff. there are lots of considerations. a potato i buy in the supermarket should look fancy. it should be uniform. so you should have nice skin thinks it's your taste good, and there are other complex issues as well in the complexity. so we basically need to reinvent the potato and a specific, formally, a fitness. the potato plans have lots of enemies, pests pathogens. and most importantly, the climate crisis could a situation soon arise light to sauces that occurred in the mid 19th century. back then, especially in island, blank slide to crop failures and functions. driving integration. one reason why potatoes, what road in monona coaches and domestic diversity was know, is that an issue today. ready a visit to the company cuts off of the home and in the town, if it's in here to take those suited washed unpackaged supermarkets throughout gemini, the long strong summit of 5th potato farm is hauled in 2022,

the harvest volume in the country file by over 5 percent due to the climate, even though the overall acreage has increased when ground water level strong invocation becomes a necessity and it's expensive. so follow breed is have mostly succeeded in creating varieties that can come with less rainfall, but the environment is changing rapidly. as an example of names and not to lose dr . and pretty much a huge problem in the current climate crisis as both the high temperatures and the water shortage is called 1000. when temperatures rise about 40 degrees stocks collapse because we need to develop varieties that can handle that kind of heat and are also drought taller and nascent about those potatoes also have to be able to endure heavy rain or the occasional thunderstorm to cook new genes safe to potato, this is the i t k life next is that you think god is labeled here. type of cultural scientist. money made a knock of visit samples from

a 2000 potato varieties frozen in liquid nitrogen minus 196 degrees celsius. the genetic material comes from view ripple south america. it gives new potatoes 10 to skins, or the live is high yields the french from on some potato chips. and the cro tice will still genes that make potatoes motor on resistant disclose to put inside of the great potential in cryo preservation, is that you can store this enormous diversity with all its resistance. tolerance and diversity in one place, compactly in a container. and if needed, make it available to breed is and scientists or even private individuals. so that is one. so for fuel state and con, before freezing the plants that propagated in test to money with in august has developed a global strategy to preserve potations diversity. she's working on behalf of the

crop try an international organization seeking to preserve cross adversity to do this novel travel to south america, to the texas unsuccessful, have potatoes as being cultivated in the peruvian. and these, the 8000 is even today through has the greatest potato diversity in the world. red ones, blue ones, some with very different tastes. these are fee for how many here we just don't have that much diversity here in your that's fine. the 1st potatoes came to europe and 1562, and from then on, potatoes were bred from that gene. to hue fight is which means this enormous diversity state in the n d. so that's why these great treasure of genetic diversity is which we can maybe use to make potatoes resistant to diseases, pests drought, and heat stress as close as pencils. i'm on. it's not just the genes of previous

cultivated potatoes, while south american specie saw, obviously being served for the future. will that mean a rejuvenation of the tuba? potato, james can be frozen in the crier bank for over a 100 years. but the potato is never easy. candidates, a breed. the plant is what's called a tetra floyd. it has full sets of chromosomes, not just to like humans, whether designed traits and much from cross breeding is therefore much more a matter of luck. the potatoes complex t name wasn't even decoded until 2020 to the genes in the car event. our treasure troy for breed is cool, but the cryo bank simply offers the chance to conserve varieties and very specific genetics or the very long term. because today we don't necessarily know whether there's resistance and on one plant or another that might be needed 50 years down the road. so here we can preserve the full genetic diversity of talking about the

development of new varieties. could be accelerated. find methods like krista, a kind of genetics visits that could be used to specifically chance the resistance deans from peruvian, cultivated on what potatoes into the varieties that could allow individual genes, the heat resistance, for example, to be combined or easily with blight resistance genes. the innovation within the field find greenhouse by becoming increasingly important in the common climate crisis. say what ensure that all state what to the will continue to land on flights well into the future. the great thing about the types of following is that it's climate friendly. the crop has a low carbon footprint, much lower than rice, for example. the trouble begins when but take those off processed se, into fries. this consumes a lot of energy and if the full carbon intensive it's time we started to pay more

attention to the environmental impacts of what we what we eat directly, impacts global warming. global food production is responsible for 50. it says 30 percent of all c o 2 emissions experts don't completely agree on the number just yet. but even at 15 percent, that's a higher number than the emissions caused by all transport worldwide. this creates an immense strain on the climate. every food has a different climate footprint, which changes, depending on how it's grown, produced, packaged and transported. this footprint is calculated a so called c o 2 equivalents intended to standardize how different greenhouse gases effect the climate. in addition to c o 2,

there are other greenhouse gases and their impact varies greatly. when a green house has heat at a warehouse is cool, where a food product is transported. this causes c o 2 emissions. when cal's digest food, they produce me say, or c h 4, which has been released into the environment as a greenhouse gas, me saying is 28 times more powerful than c o 2. and there are over at 1000000000 cows worldwide when fertilizer and the new or used in the soil. tiger culture produces a 3rd, problematic gas, nitrous oxide, or n 20, which leaks into the atmosphere. nitrous oxide is 12 times worse for the climate than me say. and $300.00 times worse than c o 2. when combined, all these greenhouse gas emissions are called c o 2 equivalence, abbreviated as c o 2 e of

industrial meat production is bad for the climate. and that's driving demand for alternative plant based sources of protein. for example, the june such as chick peas. these can also cope well with climate change because it's a crop that doesn't need much water. but farmers in germany are still working out how to ensure conditions are just right for check p cultivation. these farm is preparing check. p feeds for sewing, since the ponds is not native to central european soils. the menu only adding specific bacteria that help pick caption nitrogen and reduce the need for fuss and lies in the process. the form is who if simple measure will allow them to grow most sustainable protein rich plants from the lagoon family by the 20th must be a couple of them with crops like broad beams or peasy which are native here. the

bacteria are already present in my soil. but with soy beans and shouldn't be the bacterial strain, isn't there yet to see that between them is like you stand out in the pump wild to being able to produce that. and 1st, eliza with the 8 of those special bacteria. that's why in europe, krupps like keys and beans, voluminous favorites with farmers because growing them actively improve soil quality. rather than depleting, it says nutrients. so the chip piece of ground without all the official fertilizes . and if all goes well, the farm is, can also do without also official irrigation. the check plants evolved in dry, middle east and climates and can get by with little rain full because the ones the off we try to plant them around 2 and a half centimeters deep and boy started to get the germination process going. but the advantage of this legume is that it loves dry soil, is at 12 and leavings. check pay, so not grown often here in germany. me. but that could change in the future.

juiciest human and geez, climate change, which is causing hasa and dryer. whether there's an image, legal, main, olson, the, we're looking for leg gyms that we can easily market sit and ones that are more acute and dropped resistant then broad beans or keys. that's why we decided on the chick page. it wasn't good. it's got a lot of uses and it's nutritious, so they have this and alex is a little bit scored. the next top list is already sprouting. well to, to load the surface, we can already see the 1st routing. moffat cycling is a crop scientist. what does it mean that wasn't light, so we want to find out if legumes can help make on agriculture more sustainable and adaptable to climate change. and we also want to see whether or not they can make it to affects less extreme bias was a sort of climate protection if you, well that's chemo schwartz. in fact, thanks to the bacteria on that root nodules,

chick peas and other games contribute so much nitrogen to the soil that even the next plan squared on that field benefit. that means future corrupts could meet little to know also official. first, eliza legumes, the only grow known about 2 percent of german crop land in recent decades. cone grain and rate seed has become so widespread that many lagoons are imported soybeans. in particular, that's little mind visual. nesbit chopping, i'd love to see us, so establish that legumes are formed on 10 percent of the airable land here, and it does all the if it's economically viable for the farmers. and there's a market for and upsets next to get in. rwanda, for example, the themes are grown on a large scale because they're a staple for that's used in many dishes there and making soil for them. easy to find. but marketing is still proving a challenge for ben, how to fund them of it. he's still trying to sell the organic

a piece from his last 3 years of farming. more than i do think that's like it's good. it's not easy to sell this stuff right now. the price still isn't quite what we need it to be to break even though we know that it's pioneering work. yeah, but that's just me. i'll, i'm an eviction. a is also something of a pioneer. a few years ago, she found it and checked piece next company in leipzig. she says she's glad to a sounds of climate friendly business model. mission the all that's came of under climate change often leaves me feeling helpless. go all the way over here is oh for the everything is going to be when you rarely get any specific ideas, the solution of homestead and then also concrete. and sometimes i wanted to have my phone something with my business or i feel confident that i'm on the right. oh, okay. this promotion a group of times that has the potential to come to that to climate change of a spoken sounds happened to my mother and during the next batch of her crunchy climate friendly chick peas is on its way to

a big german supermarket chain. if demand keeps increasing, it will in turn, help pharma sustainably transform left field. if you've never tried them, that delicious and us, we just found out a chicopee cultivation requires very little irrigation. that's a major bonus because worldwide agriculture accounts the 2 thirds of all fresh will to use. and in some places, drinking was it is in short supply, including in your life, which is currently going through its west drafting over a 100 years or in southern europe, which is seeing record high temperatures. also scarcity there and other places is a growing threat. even the swiss off starting to protect that will sure sofas. this is a water reservoir in the village when ground water begins to vent no, it fills up again and the to our phones, the end of the shilling

a to see research in grandma to this been a shortage of it in this region for decades. aquifers like these could help replenish supplying enjoying areas positions or who so we definitely need to anticipate bottlenecks. we're already dealing with those now it's, it's very today occurred during the hot or summer months. it's simple. it happens where ground water is not readily available, but it's slowly growing more scarce. switzerland in general, has enough ground water because it's regularly replenished by slow and rain. when it runs low, reusable to can make up the shortfall as if it really does in x. to make it fit for use middle water, it gets this pump into a settling basin where it's passed to gravel sofas from this it drains into what's called a re challenge base and then subsequently seats please filtering sand into the ground water in the future to mount the ground water will rise,

especially during dry up here. we have in the notes. there are of course conflicting interest just sitting around water is used for many purposes as drinking water. for example, some in dial with the long about climate change will become more of an issue along with crop irrigation. the, especially when it comes to vegetable products, which are water intensive. this is more ground water needs to be available, make the investments if they've been coughing for the civic scenarios. reveal that us climate change progresses. demand for war today could rise by as much as the food, especially in agriculture. but the example in spanish shows that even with all the official ways to top it up supplies of special to a no n v. as in the, the limiting factor is the rental from the b is itself also during the dry summer

months and some parts of the river only transpose 2 cubic meters to 2nd, to be close to cool, and then as helpful. so of course that limits how much can be pumped hourly between the fish and the river. also need water that to us to be factored into future water supply models. the know for a completely different topic. food is about so much more than just getting the need to see need they can also they still moved, but delicious isn't always good for us. it's all about getting the science right. the fresh, crusty bread rolls. we wanted to know what makes it a good role and are any of them actually housing? we spoke to 3 food chemistry experts to get their opinion on the matter and visited

baker, heidi slots on to see how she works are magic. she's going to show us how to make bread rolls at home. we're trying to recipes, classic roles made from wheat flour. and as an alternative, one is made with spelt and drive. both look good, but as a spelt and ry roll healthier than a classic one made with white flour. what are the experts say? you can't say roles made with wheat flour, spell sharaya or them magically healthy or unhealthy? you know, don't concern doesn't. the type of flour is more a matter of taste unless you have a specific food intolerance, friday float months, burst secret from making excellent roles. that's what's known as a free furnace, which is a portion of dough that's made in advance. water, salt and yeast are mixed with flour, the if off,

and then for tags that we need to present and just to give the time to grow and to see if it allows us to use the high standing and then the choose all night. we test the big advantage that we don't have to add so much ease the next day that improves the aroma and makes the roles more digestible. don't pay by them. portion of the yeast works overnight. it's enzymes breakdown the storage and the flower sugar, alcohol, assets, and c o 2 are released in the process that creates flavor. but this whole process takes time. it continues the next day when more flour and water are added along with milk and honey, which also boost flavor. while needing, i just don't mind ads and mixture of seeds, fitness felt and dried out, including sunflower. so this gives the doe a more crunchy texture. during meeting the mixture can't be allowed to get to warm

. the ideal temperature is 24 to 26 degrees celsius. the window test is important. gets higher, the seasonal police shows that the structure has been needed really well. it's nice and smooth the last day, which, which is that the rhone slate jerome subaru, after needing the tow needs to arrest again. now with added ingredients, it continues to rise. but in pollution, the way the rolls are prepared is crucial. the flour doesn't give them too much flavor, the moist flavored during segmentation, and the salt is also important to develop a good overall flavor under roma then i'm sure now whole mountain construct signed book always visit catalina shell from the karlsruhe institute of technology has studied the properties of various bread recipes. it's not so much the type of grain that determines how healthy a role is. wheaton, spelled, for example,

are closely related. what makes their own more healthy? because when whole meal flour is used, whole meal flour contains the grains. nutrient rich husk gets germ, which contains fat. and it's endo spar white flour. on the other hand, just made only from the endo spar, which consists largely of starch and gluten. the infliction come on. it's always true the whole nail rolls healthy and rolls made of white flour high some new that's just because of what's in whole meal flour. it contains more minerals, movies, maintenance, and also mill fiber which are very important for a healthy diet. didn't see any cause. when the new mystics in a white role also causes your blood sugar to rise more quickly and fall more sharply afterwards. with whole neil flour, the fiber ensures that you feel full for longer and the curved falls more slowly.

after about an hour of resting the dough, heidi should not then forms the rolls. dragging them across the table firms up to the surface. this helps the buttons keep their shape later. the dough has been left to mature for another hour. it's melvin a total of 20 hours since the process was started. even many large bakeries are starting to allow longer for the dough to rise. this makes the bread more easily digestible. researchers have also found that it stays fresh for longer, and the minerals in the role are more easily absorbed, and disease can break down sugar molecules and the flower more effectively. these include so called font maps, which are sugars that control their food intolerances. since i'm a 5th, just as then what we found that if you take it relatively quickly, like every concrete book tells you today, listed, then they said that the rice a half an hour then bake it, then all of fuck them up. so still in the even after an hour of rising time,

all 5 maps are still present in the dough. but after 2 and a half hours, it's just over 30 percent. at after 4 and a half hours of rising, almost all fod maps have been broken down. only 10 percent remain. normally, the sugar molecules are digested in the small intestine, but in people within tolerances, fod maps are not properly digest adherent, enter the large intestine. instead they are, they are broken down by intestinal bacteria. this process produces gases among other things which can lead to flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea. people with a certain form of irritable bowel syndrome are particularly affected. so for a role to be more digestible, it needs to have more time to rest. ask your baker if you want to know more details . our rolls are finally ready for the cutting them down. the middle insures they

split open in a controlled manner during vacant for the vacant process itself. it's important to add water. as it evaporates, the vapor settles on the surface of the doe, keeping it elastic. this later creates a good cross that extra step in the process, but definitely worth while. it's the moment of truth. the rolls are now fresh out of the oven. heidi slowed mind has invited friends to her bakery to try them out. they are especially keen on the spelt and dry recipe. sure, nice and crispy. and then also taste the seeds that are rented kind of house, you know, in the engine. it's good. it's good enough for me to feed, so the bed is worth a little practice. anyone can make their own delicious and healthy bread rolls at home. the that's it for this wave on tomorrow to day

dw science show. thanks for watching and see you again next time the, [000:00:00;00]

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