the great and the grim reality. i have never been to hell, but that's what it must feel like. this a heroism fail. i swear we need to this. i just want to be free. the, the house on the edge of this a heart of the last shelter start september, 2nd on dw, looks delicious. but what's the environmental impact of our favorite foods? where are they produced? have they been transported halfway around the world? shouldn't we be eating food that stores locally takes potato this? they have grown in europe, but for how much longer. what would happen if climate change put a stop to european potato production? we take a look at research initiatives,

making potatoes fit for the future. this is more coming up on tomorrow today. welcome to the show. the great thing is being placed in these tiny flowers. could they eventually produce new climate resistant varieties of potato? eustace boom is one of germany's biggest potato grow its work done in his greenhouse plays a big role in decisions about which spots make it onto the nations. plates 1st then determines what properties in new variety should have, such as heat tournaments or long shelf life. then to plants across point and aging the flowers of the mother, plant who's pulling in the fall into hundreds of thousands of seedlings which is new varieties like the lesser or you'll receive a decades can go by the fence due to the many selection steps and characteristics

that are potato needs to have it here. think out of there are lots of considerations. a potato i buy in the supermarket should look fancy and it should be uniform. so you should have nice skin things, it's your taste good. and there are other complex issues as well and complexity. so we basically need to reinvent the potato and a specific, formally a fitness and potato plans have lots of enemies, pest pathogens. and most importantly, the climate crisis could have situation soon arise light disasters that occurred in the mid 19th century. back then, especially in island, blind sled to corrupt failures and fun and driving integration. one reason why potatoes, what road in monona coaches and genetic diversity with low is in an issue today, a visit to the company cuts off of the home and in the town, it boots and here potatoes associated washed unpackaged supermarkets throughout

gemini, the long strong summit of potato farm is hauled in 2022, the harvest volume in the country style by over 5 percent due to the climate. even though the overall acreage has increased. when ground water level strong invocation becomes a necessity and it's expensive. so far, breeders have mostly succeeded in creating varieties that can come with less rainfall, but the environment is changing rapidly. as one of these and programs and not to lose dr and see much a huge problem in the current climate crisis has both the high temperatures and the water shortage is called 1000, were in temperatures rise about 40 degrees stocks collapses. because we need to develop varieties that can handle that kind of weight and are also drought tolerant . and i'm listen to that. those potatoes also have to be able to endure heavy rain or the occasional thunderstorm to cook new genes safe to potato. this is the i the

tail lights and this is the chief thing god has labels. here i the cultural scientist, money made a novel because it's samples from a 2000 potato varieties frozen in liquid nitrogen minus 196 degrees celsius. the genetic material comes from view ripple south america. it gives new potatoes 10 to skins, or the live is high news, the french fries and potato chips. and the crow times also still genes that make potato smoked around resistance disclose to put inside of the great potential in cryo preservation is that you can store this enormous diversity with all its resistance tolerance and diversity in one place, compactly in a container. and if needed, make it available to breed is and scientists or even private individuals. so that is one. so for fuel state and con, before freezing the plants that propagated in test to money,

right in august has developed a global strategy. so preserve potations diversity. she's working on behalf of the crop try an international organization, seeking to preserve crop perversity, to do this novel travel to south america, to the taste on festal, home potato ways of being cultivated in the caribbean. and these, the 8000 is even today through has the greatest potato diversity in the world. red ones, blue ones, some with very different tastes. these are fee for how many here we just don't have that much diversity here in europe, and that's fine. the 1st potatoes came to europe and 1562, and from then on, potatoes were bred from that gene. to hue fight is which means this enormous diversity state in the and these has. so that's why these great treasure of genetic diversity is which we can maybe use to make potatoes resisted to diseases, pests drought, and he stress i,

so this is pencils. i'm on. it's not just the genes of previous cultivated potatoes, while south american specie saw, obviously being served for the future. will that mean a rejuvenation of the to the potato james can be present in the crier bank for over a 100 years, but the potato is not an easy candidate to bring. the plant is what's called a tetra floyd. it has full set of chromosomes, not just to like humans, whether designed traits and much from cross breeding is therefore much more a matter of luck. the potatoes complex t name wasn't even decoded until 2020 to the genes in the car event. our treasure, troy for breed is cool, but the cryo bank simply offers the chance to conserve varieties and very specific genetics or the very long term. because today we don't necessarily know whether there's resistance at one plant or another that might be needed 50 years down the

road. so here we can preserve the full genetic diversity of talking about the development of new varieties. could be accelerated, find methods like crispin, a kind of genetics visits that could be used to specifically chance the resistance deans from peruvian, cultivated on what potatoes into the varieties that could allow individual genes, the heat resistance, for example, to be combined for easily with blight resistance genes, the innovation within the field and greenhouse becoming increasingly important in the common climate crisis. say what ensure that all stays with cuba will continue to align done awfully well into the future. the great thing about the types of following is that it's climate friendly. the crop has a low carbon footprint, much lower than rice, for example, the trouble they get and just swing potatoes off, processed se,

into fries. this can seems a lot of energy and if the full carbon intensive it's time we started paying more attention to the environmental impacts of what we what we eat directly, impacts global warming. global food production is responsible for 15 to 30 percent of all c o 2 emissions. experts don't completely agree on the number just yet. but even at 15 percent, that's a higher number than the emissions caused by all transport worldwide. this creates an immense strain on the climate every food has a different climate footprint, which changes, depending on how it's grown, produced, packaged and transported. this footprint is calculated a so called c o 2 equivalents,

intended to standardize how different greenhouse gases effect the climate. in addition to c o 2, there are other greenhouse gases and their impact varies greatly. when a greenhouse is heat at a warehouse is cool, where a food product is transported. this causes c o 2 emissions. when callous digest food, they produce me say, or c h 4, which is then released into the environment as a greenhouse gas. me saying it's $28.00 times more powerful than c o 2. and there are over a 1000000000 calls worldwide. when fertilizer in the new or used in the soil, tiger culture produces a 3rd problem at cas nitrous oxide or n 20, which leaks into the atmosphere. nitrous oxide is 12 times worse for the climate than me thing. and $300.00 times worse than c o 2. when combined, all these greenhouse gas emissions are called c o 2 equivalence,

abbreviated as c o 2, e. the industrial meat production is bad for the climate and that's driving demand for alternative plant based sources of protein. for example, the june such as chick peas. these can also cope well with climate change because it's a crop that doesn't need much water. but farmers in germany are still working out how to ensure conditions are just right for check p cultivation. these farm is preparing check the seats, the sewing since the palms is not native to central european soils. the menu only adding specific bacteria that help pick caption nitrogen and reduce the need for fuss and license. and the process the form is who as simple measure will allow them to grow most sustainable protein rich plants from the lagoon family. by the 20th

must be a couple of them with crops like broad beams or a piece of which are native here the bacteria are already present in my soil, but with soy beans and should be the bacterial strain. isn't there yet to see that between them is like you stand out in the plot, weld the being able to produce that and fuss, eliza with the 8 of those special bacteria? that's why in europe, krupps like keys and beans, voluminous favorites with farmers because growing them actively improve soil quality. rather than depleting, it says nutrients. so the chip piece of ground without also official fertilizes. and if all goes well, the farm is can also do without also official irrigation. the check plants evolved in dr. middle east and climates and can get by with little rain full because the ones the off we tried to plant them around 2 and a half centimeters deep and voice starting to get the germination process going. but the advantage of this legume is that it loves dry soil,

is at 12 and leavings. check pace and not grown often here in germany me. but that could change in the future. juicer, human and juice, climate change which is causing hasa. andrea, whether there's an image, legal main olson, the, we're looking for the jims that we can easily market and ones that are more acute and drop resistant then broad beans or keys. that's why we decided on the chick page wasn't good. it's got a lot of uses and it's nutritious, so they have this and it looks is the lowest quote. the next top list is already sprouting. well, to, to load the surface, we can already see the 1st rives in multi. it's cycling is a crop scientist. what does it mean that wasn't lied? so we want to find out if legumes can help make a hybrid culture more sustainable and adaptable to climate change. and we also want to see whether or not they can make it to affects less extreme bias was

a sort of climate protection if you, well, that's pretty much what's in fact, thanks to the bacteria on that root nodules, chick peas and all the games contribute. so much nitrogen to the soil that even the next pond squared on that feels benefit. that means future corrupts could need little to know also official. first, eliza legumes, the only grow known about 2 percent of german crop land in recent decades. cone, grain and rate seed has become so widespread that many lagoons are imported soybeans in particular. that's little mind if there's one that's what's happening. i'd love to see us. so establish that like use are formed on 10 percent of the airable land here, and it does all the if it's economically viable for the farmers. and there's a market for and upsets next to give in rwanda, for example. the themes are grown on a large scale because they're a staple for that's used in many dishes there and making soil for them easy to find . but marketing is still proving a challenge for ben,

how to fund them of it. he's still trying to sell the organic a piece from his last 3 years of farming, including digging us like it's, it is not easy to sell this stuff right now. the price still isn't quite what we need it to be to break even. but we know that it's pioneering work. yeah, but that's just me. i'll, i'm an eviction a is also something of a pioneer. a few years ago, she found it and checked piece next company in leipzig. she says she's glad to have found the climate friendly business model. mission the all that's came of under climate change of the lease me feeling helpless as the old you with a here is oh for the everything is going to be when you rarely get any specific ideas for the solution of a problem. and then also concrete, and sometimes i wanted to have my fun something with my business or i feel confident that i'm on the right. oh, okay. that's on the emotion. a group of times that has the potential council that's climate change. i just pulled himself happened to my lender and digging. so the

next batch of a crunchy climate friendly chick peas is on its way to a big german supermarket chain. if demand keeps increasing, it will in turn, help pharma sustainably transform. that feels if you've never tried them, that delicious and us, we just found out chicopee cultivation requires very little irrigation. that's a major bonus because worldwide agriculture accounts, the 2 thirds of all fresh will to use. and in some places, drinking was it is in short supply, including and you're a why, which is currently going through. it's west drowsing over a 100 years or in southern europe, which is seeing record high temperatures. both his gas achieve there and other places is a growing threat. even the swiss of starting to protect that will sure, sofas bases of water reservoir in the village. when ground water,

it begins to rent. no, it fills up again. and that's what i suppose, the end of the shilling a to see research in grandma to this been a shortage of it in this region for decades. aquifers like these could help replenish supply, enjoy areas, positions, daughter who so we definitely need to anticipate bottlenecks. we're already dealing with those now, so it's, it's very today occurred during the hot or summer months. it's simple. it happens where ground water is not readily available. i think that it's slowly growing more scarce. switzerland in general, has enough ground water because it's regularly replenished by slow and rain. when it runs, low river will take and make up the show for us, but this river does in s to make it fit for use middle water. it gets this pumped into a startling basin where it's passed through gravel sofas from this, it drains into what's called

a re challenge base and then subsequently seeps through filtering sun into the ground water in the future to mount the ground water will rise, especially during dry up here minutes, we have the notes. there are of course conflicting interest just sitting close to this ground water is used for many purposes as drinking water, for example, summer mentality, the loan, but climate change will become more of an issue along with crop irrigation. the, especially when it comes to vegetable products, which are water intensive because there's more ground water needs to be available, make the investments if they've been coughing for the civic switch scenarios. reveal the us climate change progresses, demand for which is a good rise by as much as the food, especially in agriculture. but the example in spanish shows that even with voltage visual ways to, to pick up supplies of special to a no n. v. as in the,

the limiting factor is the rental from the business itself. also during the dry summer months and some parts of the river only transpose 2 cubic meters to 2nd, to be close to cool, and then a southfield. so of course that limits how much can be pumped out of the fish and the river also need water that to us to be selected into future water supply models . the know for a completely different topic. food is about so much more than just getting the need to see need. they can also they still moved, but delicious isn't always good for us. it's all about getting the science right. the fresh, crusty bread rolls. we wanted to know what makes it a good role and are any of them actually healthy?

we spoke to 3 food chemistry experts to get their opinion on the matter and visited baker, heidi slots on to see how she works. our magic. she's going to show us how to make bread rolls at home. we're trying to recipes, classic roles made from wheat flour and as an alternative ones made with spells and dried. bose look good, but as a spelt and dry roll healthier than a classic one made with white flour. what are the experts say to the comp, say, roles made with wheat flour spelled so? riot was imagining a healthy era unhealthy, you know, don't concern doesn't. the type of flower is more a matter of taste unless you have a specific food intolerance. friday feldman 1st secret from making excellent roles is what's known as a free furnace, which is that portion of dough that's made in advance water,

salt and yeast are mixed with flour. the, it's often been for type that we needs a pre, some engineer to give the time to grow and to see if it allows us to use the high standing and then the choose all night. we test the big advantage that we don't have to have. so much ease the next day that improves the aroma and makes the roles more digestible guy, bunch of data by the end portion. that just works overnight. it's enzymes breakdown the storage and the flower sugar, alcohol, assets, and c o 2 are released in the process that creates flavor. but this whole process takes time. it continues the next day when more flour and water are added along with milk and honey, which also boost flavor while needing i just don't mind as a mixture of seeds to this felt and dried out,

including sunflower. so this gives the doe a more crunchy texture. during meeting the mixture can't be allowed to get to warm . the ideal temperature is 24 to 26 degrees celsius. the window test is important. gets higher, the seasonal police shows that the structure has been needed really well. it's nice and smooth the last day, which will, which is of lucky rolls later on to box after needing the tow needs to arrest again. now with added ingredients, it continues to rise. but in pollution, the way the rolls are prepared is crucial. the flour doesn't give them too much flavor, the moist flavored during segmentation and the salt is also important to develop a good overall flavor under roma event. i'm sure not a whole mountain construct signed book always visit catalina shell from the karlsruhe institute of technology has studied the properties of various bread

recipes. it's not so much the type of grain that determines how healthy a role is. wheaton, spelled, for example, are closely related. what makes their own more healthy because when whole meal flour is used, whole meal flour contains the grains nutrient rich hust, its germ which contains fat and its endo spar white flour. on the other hand is made only from the endo spar, which consists largely of starch and gluten infliction common. it's always true the whole nail rolls healthy and rolls made of white flour, hyphen yeah, that's just because of what's in whole meal flour for fun. may contain from the minerals, movies, maintenance and also know fiber, which are very important for a healthy diet. i didn't see any cause one to any of them reached extent. a white roll also causes your blood sugar to rise more quickly and fall more sharply afterwards. withhold the flower,

the fiber ensures that you feel full for longer and the curved falls more slowly. after about an hour of resting the dough, heidi chanel sun forms the rolls. dragging them across the table, firms up the surface. this helps the buttons keep their shape later. the dough has been left to mature for another hour. it's now been a total of 20 hours since the process was started. even many large bakeries are starting to allow longer for the dough to rise. this makes the bread more easily digestible. researchers have also found that it stays fresh for longer, and the minerals in the role are more easily absorbed. and these can break down sugar molecules and the flower more effectively. these include so called font maps, which are sugars that can trigger food intolerances as on the 5th just as then what we found that if you take it relatively quickly, like every concrete book tells you today,

let's take number they say let the to rise to half an hour then bake it, then all the fuck them up. so it's done in the even after an hour of rising time, all 5 maps are still present in the dough. but after 2 and a half hours, it's just over 30 percent. at after 4 and a half hours of rising, almost all 5 maps have been broken down. only 10 percent remain. normally the sugar molecules are digested in the small intestine, but in people within tolerances, fod maps are not properly digested here and entered the large intestine. instead they are, they are broken down by intestinal bacteria. this process produces gases among other things which can lead to flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea. people with a certain form of irritable bowel syndrome are particularly affected. so for a role to be more digestible, it needs to have more time to rest. ask your baker if you want to know more details

. our roles are finally ready for the event. the cutting them down, the middle ensures they split open in a controlled manner during vacant. for the vacant process itself, it's important to add water. as it evaporates, the vapor settles on the surface at the doe, keeping it elastic. this later, it creates a good cross that extra step in the process, but definitely worth while. it's the moment of truth, the rolls are now fresh out of the oven. heidi slowed mind has invited friends to her bakery to try them out. they are especially keen on the spelt and dry recipes. sure, nice and crispy. and then also taste the seeds that are rented kind of house, you know, in the engine. it's good. it's good enough for me to feed so that especially with a little practice, anyone can make their own delicious and healthy bread rolls at home.

the that's it for this wave on tomorrow to day dw science show. thanks for watching and see you again. next time, the the

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