going on in roads now someone is getting ready to jump in this. someone is strolling these words, locals on wearing them best small. this is rose now. and now is the time for you to book your trip to rome. road. once you love is cute, the looks delicious. but what's the environmental impact of our favorite foods? where are they produced? have they been transported halfway around the world? shouldn't we be eating food that stores locally? takes potato this. they have grown in europe, but for how much longer. what would happen if climate change put a stop to european potato production? we take a look at research initiatives,

making potatoes fit for the future. this is more coming up on tomorrow today. welcome to the show. the great thing is being placed in these tiny flowers. could they eventually produce new climate resistant varieties of potato? eustace boom is one of germany's biggest potato grow its work done in his greenhouse plays a big role in decisions about which spreads make it onto the nations. plates 1st then determines what properties in new variety should have, such as keats, 100 minutes or a long shelf life. then to glance across, put a nice in the flowers of the mother plant who's putting in the father put into hundreds of thousands of ceilings which is new varieties, like the lesser or you're a visa, a decades can go back

a fence due to the many selection steps and characteristics that are potato needs to have contact. so here's the cutoff. there are lots of considerations. the potato i buy in the supermarket should look fancy and it should be uniform. so you should have nice skin things. it's your taste good. and there are other complex issues as well in the complexity. so we basically need to reinvent the potato and a specific formally often listen. the types of plans have lots of enemies, pest pathogens. and most importantly, the climate crisis could have situation soon arise like to sauces. that it could in the mid 19th century, but then especially an island blank slide to crop failures and from in driving integration. one reason why potatoes look road in monona coaches and domestic diversity was low is still an issue today. ready a visit to the company cuts off of the home and the town if it's in here to take those associated washed

unpackaged supermarkets throughout gemini, the long strong summit of potato farm is hauled in 2022. the harvest volume in the country filed by over 5 percent due to the climate, even though the overall acreage has increased. when ground water levels pro invitation becomes a necessity and it's expensive. so far, breeders have must be succeeded in creating varieties that can come with less rain full, but the environment is changing rapidly. as an example games and not to lose conduct turnkey much a huge problem in the current climate crisis. both the high temperatures and the water shortage is car 1000. were in temperatures rise above 40 degrees stocks collapse. and because we need to develop varieties that can handle that kind of heat and are also drought tolerant. mason thought those potatoes also have to be able to endure heavy rain or the occasional thunderstorm to cook new genes safe to potato. this is the in the tail lights,

and it is the chief thing god is labeled here. i have a cultural scientist, money made a knock of visit samples from a 2000 potato varieties frozen and liquid nitrogen minus 196 degrees celsius. the genetic material comes from view ripple south america. it gives me potatoes tend to skins, or the live is high news, the french fries and potato chips, and the crow times also still genes that make potatoes motor and resistant disclose to put inside of the great potential in cryo preservation is that you can store this enormous diversity with all its resistance, tolerance and diversity in one place, compactly in a container. and if needed, make it available to breed is and scientists or even private individual. and so that is one. so for fuels that and kind of before freezing the plants that propagated in test tooth money with in august has developed

a global strategy to preserve potations diversity. she's working on behalf of the crop track, an international organization, seeking to preserve the adversity. to do this novel travel to south america, to the texas unsuccessful, have potatoes as being cultivated in the for reviewing on these the 8000 views. even today through has the greatest potato diversity in the world. red ones, blue ones, some with very different taste. these are fee for how many here we just don't have that much diversity here in your that's fine. the 1st potatoes came to europe in 1562. and from then on, potatoes were bred from that gene. to be 5 is which means this enormous diversity state in the n d. so that's why these great treasure of genetic diversity is which we can maybe use to make potatoes resistant to diseases, pests, drought, and heath stress. i salute has pencils. i'm on. it's not just the genes of previous

cultivated potatoes, while south american specie saw also being served for the future. will that mean a reach even nation of the cuba? potato genes can be frozen in the cry or bank for over a 100 years. but the potato, this moment, easy candidates, a breed. the plant is what's called a tetra floyd. it has full sets of chromosomes, not just to like humans, whether design traits and much from cross breeding is therefore much more a matter of luck. the potatoes complex t name wasn't even decoded until 2020 to the genes in the car event. our treasure troy for breed is cool, but the cryo bank simply offers the chance to conserve varieties and very specific genetics over the very long term. because today we don't necessarily know whether there's resistance in one plant or another that might be needed 50 years down the

road. so here we can preserve the full genetic diversity auto body. the development of new varieties could be accelerated by a method slight chris, a kind of genetic visits that could be used to specific agents. the resistance beings from peruvian, cultivated on what potatoes into the varieties that could allow individual genes, the heat resistance, for example, to be combined or easily with light resistance genes, the innovation within the field time greenhouse becoming increasingly important in the coming climate crisis. se would ensure that all stays with 2 of us will continue to land on the plate well into the future. the great thing about potato farming is that it's climate friendly. the crop has a low carbon footprint, much lower than right. so for example, the trouble thank in this when potato sauce processed, say,

into fries. this consumes a lot of energy and if that will cover the intensive its time, we started paying more attention to the environmental impacts of what we what we eat directly, impact global warming, global food production is responsible for 15 to 30 percent of all c o 2 emissions experts don't completely agree on the number just yet, but even at 15 percent, that's a higher number than the emissions caused by all transport worldwide. this creates an immense strain on the climate in every food has a different climate footprint which changes, depending on how it's grown, produced, packaged and transported. this footprint is calculated a so called c o 2 equivalence intended to standardize how different greenhouse

gases effect the climate. in addition to c, o 2, there are other greenhouse gases and their impact varies greatly. when a green house is heated, the warehouse is cooled for a food product is transported. this causes c o 2 emissions. when cal is digest food, they produce me say, or c h 4, which has been released into the environment as a greenhouse gas. me saying is $28.00 times more powerful than c o 2. and there are over a 1000000000 calls worldwide. when fertilizer in the new or used in the soil, tiger culture produces a 3rd problematic gas, nitrous oxide, or n 20, which leaks into the atmosphere. nitrous oxide is 12 times worse for the climate than me say. and $300.00 times worse than c o 2. when combined, all these greenhouse gas emissions are called c o 2 equivalents,

abbreviated as c o 2 e or industrial meat production is bad for the climate. and that's driving demand for alternative plant based sources of protein. for example, the june such as chick peas. these can also cope well with climate change because it's a crop that doesn't need much water. but farmers in germany are still working out how to ensure conditions are just right for check p cultivation. these farm is preparing check p seats the sewing since the ponds is not native to central european soils. the menu only adding specific bacteria that help pick caption nitrogen and reduce the need for fuss and lives in the process. the form is who as simple measure will allow them to grow most sustainable protein rich plants from the look you family by the 20th must be

a couple of them with crops like broad beams or a piece of which are native. here the bacteria are already present in my soil, but with soy beans and should be the bacterial strain, isn't there yet to see that between them is like you stand out in the pump wild to being able to produce that and fuss eliza with the 8 of those special bacteria, that's why in europe corrupt slight keys and beans, voluminous favorites with farmers because growing them actively improve soil quality. rather than depleting, it says nutrients. so the chip piece of ground without also official fertilizes. and if all goes well, the farm is, can also do without also official irrigation. the check plants evolved in dr. middle east and climate and can get by with little rain full because the ones the off we tried to plant them around 2 and a half centimeters deep and boy started to get the germination process going. but the advantage of this legume is that it loves dry soil instead of leaving chick

piece and not grown often here in germany, me. but that could change in the future. juiciest human and geez, climate change, which is causing hasa and dryer. whether there's an email, if that's the legal main ocean the via we're looking for the jims that we can easily market and ones that are more acute and dropped resistant then broad beans or keys. that's why we decided on the chick page wasn't good. it's got a lot of uses and it's nutritious, so they happen this and it looks is the lowest quote. the next top list is already sprouting. well, to, to load the surface, we can already see the 1st rives in melted. cycling is a crop scientist. what does it mean that wasn't lied? so we want to find out if legumes can help make a hybrid culture more sustainable and adaptable to climate change. and we also want to see whether or not they can make it to effects less extreme bye and for some

sort of climate protection if you, well that's chemo schwartz. in fact, thanks to the bacteria on that root nodules, chick peas and all the games contribute. so much nitrogen to the soil that even the next pond squared on that feels benefit. that means future corrupts could need little to know also official fuss. eliza legumes, the army growing on about 2 percent of german crop land in recent decades. cone, grain and rate seed has become so widespread that many lagoons are imported soybeans in particular. that's little mind a visual and that's what's happening. i'd love to see us so establish that legumes are formed on 10 percent of the airable land here, and it does all the if it's economically viable for the farmers and there's a market for and upsets neck to get in. rwanda, for example, the themes are grown on a large scale because they're a staple for that's used in many dishes there and making soil for them. easy to find. but marketing is still proving a challenge for ben,

how to fund them of it. he's still trying to sell the organic a piece from his last 3 years of farming a couple in dixie now. so it gets buried is not easy to sell this stuff right now. the price still isn't quite what we need it to be to break even. but we know that it's pioneering work. yeah, but uh, that's just me. i'll, i'm an evict, not is also something of a pioneer. a few years ago she found it and checked piece next company in leipzig. she says she's glad to have found the climate friendly business model. mission the all that's came of under climate change of the lease me feeling helpless as the old you with a here is oh for the everything is going to be. then you rarely get any specific ideas, the solution of a problem, and then also concrete. and sometimes i wanted to have my phone something with my business or i feel confident that i'm on the right. oh, okay. this promotion a group of times that has the potential to come to that to climate change. i just pulled himself up and see my lender and digging. so the next batch of crunchy

climate friendly chick peas is on its way to a big german supermarket chain. if demand keeps increasing, it will in turn, help pharma sustainably transform mfc. if you've never tried them, that delicious and us, we just found out chicopee cultivation requires very little irrigation. that's a major bonus because worldwide agriculture accounts the 2 thirds of all fresh will to use. and in some places, drinking was it is in short supply, including in your life, which is currently going through its west drowsing over a 100 years or in southern europe, which is seeing record high temperature is also scarcity. there. and other places is a growing threat. even the swiss of starting to protect that will sure sofas bases of water reservoir in the village. when ground water begins to ren no,

it fills up again and the to our phones, the end of the shilling a to see research in grandma to this been a shortage of it in this region for decades. aquifers like these could help replenish supply, enjoy areas, positions, daughter who so we definitely need to anticipate the bottom that we're already dealing with those now it's, it's very today occurred during the hot or summer months. it's simple. it happens where ground water is not readily available. but it's slowly growing more scarce. switzerland in general, has enough ground water because it's wrecking to the website is by slow and rain. when it runs low, reusable to can make up the shortfall of the day. it really does in x to make it fit for use middle water. it gets this pump into a settling basin where it's passed to gravel sofas from this, it drains into what's called

a re challenge base and then subsequently seeps through filtering sun into the ground water in the future to mount the ground water will rise, especially during dry a few minutes we haven't noticed there are of course, conflicting interest just sitting plus is around. water is used for many purposes as drinking water. for example, summer mentality, the loan, the climate change will become more of an issue along with crop irrigation. the, especially when it comes to vegetable products, which are water intensive, this is more ground water needs to be available, make the investments if they've been coughing for the city. switch scenarios reveal the us climate change progresses, demand for which is a good rise by as much as the food, especially in agriculture. but the example in spanish shows that even with all the official ways to top it up supplies of special to a no n v. as in the,

the limiting factor is the rental from the b is itself also during the dry summer months and something parts of the river only transpose 2 cubic meters to 2nd, to be close to cool, and then a southfield. so of course that limits how much can be pumped out of the fish and the river also need water that to has to be effected into future water supply models. the know for a completely different topic. food is about so much more than just getting the need to see need they can also they still nude, but delicious isn't always good for us. it's all about getting the science right. the fresh, crusty bread rolls. we wanted to know what makes it a good role,

and so are any of them actually housing. we spoke to 3 food chemistry experts to get their opinion on the matter and visited baker, heidi slots on to see how she works. our magic. she's going to show us how to make bread rolls at home. we're trying to recipes, classic roles made from wheat flour and as an alternative ones made with spells and dried. bose look good, but is spelt and dry roll healthier than a classic one made with white flour. what are the experts sick? you comp, say roles made with wheat flour, spelt o'reillys, imagining a healthy or unhealthy, you know, don't concern, doesn't. the type of flower is more a matter of taste unless you have a specific food and tolerance. friday float months burst secret from making excellent roles is what's known as a free furnace, which is a portion of dough that's made in advance. water,

salt and yeast are mixed with flour, the as often in for tags that we need. so pre some engineers to give the time to grow and to see if it allows us to use very high standing and then the choose all night. we test the big advantage that we don't have to add so much ease the next day that improves the aroma and makes the roles more digestible . chi bunch of data by the end portion. the g works overnight. it's enzymes breakdown the storage and the flower sugar, alcohol, assets, and c o 2 are released in the process that creates flavor. but this whole process takes time. it continues the next day when more flour and water are added along with milk and honey, which also boost flavor while needing heidi should don't mind as a mixture of seeds to this felt and dried out,

including sunflower. so this gives the doe a more crunchy texture. during meeting the mixture can't be allowed to get to warm . the ideal temperature is 24 to 26 degrees celsius. the window test is important. gets higher, the seasonal police shows that the structure has been needed really well. last. it's nice and smooth plastic which will put use of left the rolls later on. so bark after needing the tow needs to arrest again. now with added ingredients, it continues to rise. but in pollution, the way the rolls are prepared is crucial. the flour doesn't give them too much flavor, the moist flavored during segmentation and the salt is also important to develop a good overall flavor under roma event. i'm sure not a whole mountain construct signed book always visit catalina shell from the karlsruhe institute of technology has studied the properties of various bread

recipes. it's not so much the type of grain that determines how healthy a role is. wheaton, spelled, for example, are closely related. what makes their own more healthy because when whole meal flour is used, whole meal flour contains the grains nutrient rich husk gets germ, which contains fat and its endo sparks. white flour on the other hand is made only from the endo spar, which consists largely of starch and gluten infliction. come on, it's always true. the whole nail rolls healthy and rolls made of white flour high for me. yeah, that's just because of what's in whole meal flour for, for me, it contains more minerals, movies, maintenance and also mill fiber which are very important for a healthy diet. didn't feel any cause one to any of them just extent. a white role also causes your blood sugar to rise more quickly and fall more sharply afterwards . with whole meal flour,

the fiber ensures that you feel full for longer and the curved falls more slowly. after about an hour of resting the dough, heidi chanel sun forms the rolls. dragging them across the table, firms up the surface. this helps the buttons keep their shape later. the dough has been left to mature for another hour. it's now been a total of 20 hours since the process was started. even many large bakeries are starting to allow longer for the dough to rise. this makes the bread more easily digestible. researchers have also found that it stays fresh for longer and the minerals in the role are more easily absorbed, and diseased can break down sugar molecules and the flower more effectively. these include so called font maps, which are sugars that control their food intolerances as well. i'm a 5th is doesn't what we found that if you take it relatively quickly, like every concrete book tells you today, let's take, maybe they say,

let the go rise to half an hour, then bake it, then all of fuck them up. so it's done in the even after an hour of rising time, all 5 maps are still present in the dough. but after 2 and a half hours, it's just over 30 percent. at after 4 and a half hours of rising, almost all 5 maps have been broken down. only 10 percent remain. normally the sugar molecules are digested in the small intestine, but in people within tolerances, fod maps are not properly digested here and entered the large intestine. instead they are, they are broken down by intestinal bacteria. this process produces gases among other things which can lead to flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea. people with a certain form of irritable bowel syndrome are particularly affected. so for a role to be more digestible, it needs to have more time to rest. ask your baker if you want to know more details

. our roles are finally ready for the cutting them down. the middle insures they split open in a controlled manner during vacant for the vacant process itself. it's important to add water. as it evaporates, the vapor settles on the surface of the doe, keeping it elastic. this later creates a good, crossed an extra step in the process, but definitely worth while. the. it's the moment of truth, the rolls are now fresh out of the oven. heidi slowed mind has invited friends to her bakery to try them out there, especially keen on the spelt and dry recipes. sure, nice and crispy schmidt, and then also taste the seeds that are rented kind of house, you know, in the engine. it's good. it's good enough for the seats, the better stuff with a little practice, anyone can make their own delicious and healthy bread rolls at home.

that's it for this wave on tomorrow to day dw science show. thanks for watching and see you again next time. the

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