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may 20 is 20. 23. greece is culture ministry announced the rest of tuition of a trove of looted arts. a total of $351.00 objects were to be returned to the country they had previously belonged to the disgraced former art dealer. robin symes, the among them is a bronze sculpture depicting the ancient macedonian ruler, alexander the great, the peace is su, spectacular. did it seem destined to go on display at the acropolis? but there's a problem archaeologist think it's a fake the

archaeologist stuff on lima and has spent the last 20 years researching fake antiquities. we 1st met him in 2015 when he was still working at the university of holler in germany. here he was just finalizing a catalogue listing suspicious bronzes for publication. the artworks had come from austin, houses, galleries, and art dealer's many had been laundered onto the market by robin symes, the art dealer authorities also sees the alexander bust from lima and believes the bronzes are forgeries, the works of an expert, forger or forgers known in art circles as the spanish master. their identity

remains a mystery to this day. the spanish master often makes bronze is of ancient rulers, like emperor augustus. their faces are covered in a convincing path now and so well preserved. it's almost a miracle. follow so much the note number, the kind of vanish monster is just to make shifts named. no one knows who they are or where they're from. it's a name, i've heard a lot in the trade. a seal of type on the police one was in abundance. auction this head came from robin symes and was on sale in new york and the december auction. the gets involved to own this home. uh huh. that was sold over the counter and then you, you can take store if you're teaching loud enough, all move on to that one was in the munich auction to him in 2015 lehman was a professor at the university of holla and also keeping

a close eye on antiquities that came onto the market, each listed for a considerable sum, screwed up class. prices started around a 1000000 by whitening they own on the months research often took him to switzerland and important center of our trade. the city of bozza was then home to coast of leon and our dealer and archaeologist, with over 40 years of experience who had sold many antiquities to international museums. in 2015 leon decided to do something unusual for an art dealer. he opened up to us about what he was seeing at international options to this in the past, it is only a few of these pieces, a genuine ink for let's go through them quickly. right? this is a fake. as we'll see how blurry it is, most cold through in antiquity was like that big scoop to make those kinds of

a guessing kind and no secret from antiquity looks like that. ok, with those big bulging eyes. it's a joy and that'd be those into closer look at they have they had always gives it away. as a human by. those boxes are okay for longer all packaged things, but this is so fake, it stinks. there's no way it's all fake, and that's true. and they said to some kind of teen, none of these are antiquities. eh, does she and isn't this? here's another here. this made me think with the organ bulging through the cloth. this is that was never done in ancient times. it was always to sneak about buttons as i, they've all been saw, the few genuine ones and all the facts. he has emailed you. $47000.83. that's big money. and because of the fact that everyone keeps the mouth shut and nobody says, hey, what's up, buddy?

what you have there is a disaster. you've squandered your money the the oven by 9 uh by at the office who i've always tried to abide by certain rules in my work. i didn't do all the things other people in my fields were doing. because i knew that at some point it would blow up in my face the the think i'm no saint, but i always kept to limit side set because i came from another side from academia, come from that isn't just in those days, leon was visiting european museums to see collections live with his expert, i,

when news suspicious ancient pieces appeared to discuss the issue with stuff on lima. the. this is the last video we have of christoph leon. he died unexpectedly in 2017. the new york's art market was also under scrutiny. at that time, archaeologist oscar white, most corolla had tracked how dealers pushed their stakes onto the market. according to him, they were using galleries, art stairs, and a bundle options. the we met must karema in 2015 in his manhattan apartment. he had been a curator at the metropolitan museum of art for many years and was known for his

expertise as well as his honesty. he openly criticized the our trade and was seen as a kind of whistle blower by one of my mentors. sherlock holmes, i have learned that both deals and flexible, some things to watch. and i was just across the forgeries. i talked to a deal about this once a smiled in what they're doing. you see instead of selling it to a customer from their own shop, they don't want to sell for what you want yourself, what your lot of dealers don't want. don't want to sell for it, they put it up for auction under false name. well, let's say from adult collection the, when it says the, the for the nonce from an old family collection or from an old collection off of from mr. x. and this, the deal is, was selling the for what you mean an auction and not being personally involved and

who buys it just in america because it has so many museums is a prime target for the sale of full address. yes. the bronze bust of alexander, the great, also came from the new york art market from the gallery of dealer robin signs, stuff on lima. and 1st saw it in the year, 2000, not in new york, but in the town of shed in dot, in eastern germany. it was exhibited at the bank among museum without information on where it had come from. lima asked the museum about its providence, but got no answers. he concluded the piece was illegitimate either because it was looted art or because it was a fake is what all happened. younger people viewed the 1st line 5 was there and took a look to see when to me it just scream, soldier resolved on,

i was quite as a donation. so i bought the catalog and found that even less convincing if i but then i more or less the groceries again, on the also, i mean there are many forgeries and even the best of us console for a fake, it can happen at the highest level. there's nothing more to say, how do i know that if you could see if that was the old test? so i publish the lecture that i gave here in holland, in the form of i'm using and booklet. and i said that in my opinion, there is no way that the pacing question is from the ancient 12 to an organ or not teachers over in the hospital and tom mt table and say plastic optics on those does goals in order to fax them an internet to not includes 10. lemme shop noon. 14. john, you can find scott, steve, the plastic, the hudson's. that's you know, school stayed in thinking about them. we'll see them as like of it and just move on some of this because he's the 1st to out of the faithfulness for both of us. you've been off before the minus. we call the dispensing subsidies. hope you'd see it as

a fuel by, well, my new face will conduct on a full, i'm going is that, do you think your mind? cuz that for us doing so forgive me of those to i to, to ask you what with these kind of noun. i got along of what it says on these are fine because with them you can be able to find somebody to that folder and decide it's it's, it's double. don't know if that's like a good leaving peace of mind to ship all so that you won't be stuck else to them. 14 got them for short. and this isn't just for the cops. it's not just the head is always, it is practically a bust on the that being said much more and has been preserved as it relates to bound side 1000. you 2000 prizes were already quite high. it is that i'd say an original piece like this, right. and alexander in bronze would have gone for between 15 and 25000000 to which ones you can easily let me things by displaying the bronze of alexander the museum, gave it legitimacy. even though it was acquired through a dealer, and there was no documentation about its provenance, lima,

and felt the museum was allowing itself to be used as a kind of money laundry for art. a specimen done english speak, the scientists and miss all fucked to go down the legal route. just assuming that was something new, i must the same phone and in a certain way, it's a form of violence. definitely the result of this is give us a, give us a phone phone, provide the file that was also the intention. loya for the plaintive told me that the aim was to have me removed from my post in archaeological circles for jerry is an unpopular topic. but after the trial word got around that lame on was addressing the issue publicly. and a switch collector who wished to remain anonymous simply month a bronze had to investigate. the collector had bought the piece of new york in 1993 and have doubts about whether it was genuine.

the portrait is of emperor augustus being able to examine it was a rare opportunity for layman and his colleague, fellow archaeologist henley, clara by sending the word to lima and instead of selling it onto someone else, this was collect or risk losing a lot of money. interesting pace. if genuine, the head would be worth a good 1000000, a fake. it'd be worth little more than the material. perhaps 500 euros. this is there something 0, but certainly very impressive to me. the 1st thing you say when you see it is that

it's a wonderful head and in special because there are very few bronze heads of old cost as which would increase its value. so for this, i'll post post to see to also be at that explains why for interest i made you say, unfortunately a sold all over the place. and because step there that there's a market for because museums and collect despite we're talking money, money, money is the underlying factor. and the reason this is the only rich people have the money to pay for it. and these rich people take, get further advantage by donating it, taking a tax deductions you and getting prestige. and this goes on and on and on as we're sitting here. it exists at this very moment. lima and suspected that the spanish master could have made the bronze head

his research also provides insight into the forward years market strategies. first, i've asked that this bothers last us. the spanish, most as full jury would shop thinks about which objects it will produce for the market. navea told, in the ranking of ocoee a logical loss of fact, bronze sculpture is a number one community successor. this is a very special pieces to defend, so you'd expect them to attract a lot of attention. increase christmas. he has a grumpy expression, was not the ideal we'd imagine for all gust, as you can tell, the artist is playing with the motions to assume that it's a fantastic piece of processes in the votes of the university and how to there's a collection of plaster casts of original antiquities, these correspond exactly to the genuine ancient portraits.

lima and compared the bronze head from switzerland, with this genuine like this of emperor augustus. archaeologists call this method stylistic analysis. it's a centuries old approach, used to identify genuine works of art simply by looking at them. it takes decades of experience, a wealth of knowledge and intuition is in the office yet as you can see here, watching the official portrays of old constance looks like the eyes on very opposite. they just have a slight cuz we, the nose is alone and the mouth is oriented towards the vertical axis. the facial expression is very calm,

with only slightly raised control as we move in slice to. there's only very light modeling which conveys a calm, timeless face side, was because the stomach and then we have the jacket edge at the bottom, hardly fentanyl, but allegedly turn off with great force of the the tires of looking at these details. you begin to doubt whether it is a faint it's being made perfectly. it's mostly but definitely in layman's

archaeological expertise, told him that the head was a fake. and having the object in hand meant he could have the material of a suspected spanish master forgery, analyzed for the very 1st time the phone whole. the institute ensued specializes in carrying out computer tomography or c t scans. usually the scientists here test industrial products. the disputed alexander bust couldn't be analyzed during the trial because it went missing. following the exhibition with computers are a patient ready for his scan. let's go ahead with now physicist and material scientist. hi mila. we'll examine another suspected for jury. the head of augustus

this hall is essentially one giant c t scanner, one of the most powerful in the world, the, the scan, the hard, the radiation levels are extremely high. so the scientists leave the hall and seal the doors. the, the, the analysis focuses on the bronze alloy to see if it has the characteristics of bronze created 2000 years ago. but even if it does look for jurors are believe to meltdown ancient coins and use the metal to make new hands check celebration voltage. 9 electronic balls, 90 v, which device on texas and trucks, and it's

a token elma detector with $200.00 micro may to pick, so pitch pitch it came dolphin. now this, this quinta, from a range of the material characteristics correspond with antiquity. so we believe that this sculpture is made of genuine ancient material. i took my to best. you could find ancient metal to use for this cell kind solenoid. ok, as using old materials for forgeries, isn't an entirely new idea using here's a whole. as you can see it here, but you wouldn't be able to through the crust. of course, the holes can chiseled out in a structured way as well. something was loaded in mindfulness and 9 capacity. yes. so you can see the edges of the insects and paste my teeth. this is my thing i know . and this material has a different density to the material surrounding it,

which has a different ally, compositions. plus, you're kind of kind of showing those who come up with a sized and carried out metallic graphic tests and then a cross section of the materials and the outer crust. the reason for one thing we determine that the corrosion, which looks very bad to the naked eye, is only on the surface with issues. photo the skis that leads us to conclude that this artifact was created in modern times and designed to look very old. the, the test showed the bronze sculpture of augustus to be a think the at the time, steph, i'm lima, and had uncovered 35 bronze works, suspected to be forgeries. and that number was likely to rise. or

if there's other stuff as far as most of it on the manage most is workshop, divides the labor of the seamless a lot and i could be wrong. that could be more. but i suspect that there are 12, or 3 people who get together and say, what are we going to do next? let's take these exceptional bronze portrait of a black african woman and our fault of the economy. when you have to come up with the idea 1st, then you have to make the most cost the middle east and then begin ruining it. so making those damage marks the end of the degree to make it look ancient. and the end of this i'd so little of that requires a lot of skill falls, which is the tradition museums. and you know, means it, museums are obviously never happy when someone calls important pieces from the major collections into question on those 2 devices. that usually also leads to

interpersonal problems and process in place and then come isaacson's guns and then can't be avoided of uh, i think it's harder. but i think the question of whether these uh, original ancient works, it's a full modem forgeries and this is serious enough, but you have to look pos, things like that. excuse me. and dixie and most as a professor at the university of honda, stephan lima was in a position to be able to freely designate expensive artworks as worthless facts. of course, the practice didn't make him many friends in the our trade or at the museums that were affected of the fuse book about the spanish master's forgeries was published in 2015

the donald. how did you, ladies and gentlemen, the students welcome to these book launch at the mazda and elisa university's archaeological museum was mostly on the page either to own this. i believe scholars must respond to these challenges quickly, clearly and effectively to law. only then can we defend the foundations of val discipline from this money grabbing attack of the law office of the to this day? it's still not clear who the spanish master is. the person or people behind the forgeries are likely still working in secret smuggling fix onto the international art market. definitely, lima has now retired. we caught up with him again in the city of cologne. he

still spends time on the topic of forgeries ever since his book was published. fellow experts from all over the world have sent him images of suspicious bronzes, lima and says that the spanish master is slowly but surely distorting an image of antiquity. the alexander bust from the bank and museum in stand, which landed him in court and 2010 had remained missing until 2023. in my company from which is including the end of may i go to a newspaper clipping with a photo from a great call, a want to sleep through a whole he right was contented. really be what is cooked in was uh, i looked at the picture and saw a box of the thoughts was the alexander from stand up, parked to pick the articles. and the piece was from the geneva collection of the

criminal dealer. robin signs of, in times he just couldn't. so i think that collection was discovered in 2006 office wrote on the other side that i, i, there was a legal dispute involving easily in greece. and then the antiquities were returns to italy and also to grace as looted dogs. it's all quotes pizza or even boulder among the things returned was the alexander from stand um it is so it's now resurfaced greece is culture ministry published the list of $351.00 antiquities restore to the country from the collection of robin symes. number 11 is the alexander bust. the court has now ruled that it was looted, art extend shouldn't have exhibited it without documentation about its origin. just as layman said in 2000 layman, still believes the bronze is a forgery. he's pleased,

it's turned up and hopes the material will be analyzed. the books and it's a great town come to live in bad wouldn't be. and if we'd found out they had hit the meltdown off in this, it's more, it's a naive american multi millionaire had both. and even if that would have been a sensation, the closer to that we just had it and the 25th of a. but i haven't returned to a country that spectacular arguing on the island a dozen this spectacle. yeah. plus plus you don't have to include them. that's fine. if i want to anything, just split peasy so prestigious. it has such a smell on it that people will get in touch with the this, the, the on the, from the it's unlikely the authorities in athens don't know that the alexander bronze from robin symes collection is suspected of being a think after all,

greece is culture minister has a doctorate in archaeology, herself. it's now up to greek authorities to make the next move and disclose to the world the providence, the alexander bronze, the,

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