in the holes we say they're about never getting up every weekend on d. w. the ice memories, that's the name of the international project mortgage because sky is working on the chemist take samples from glaciers all over the world stored within the ancient ice for thousands of years of climate data. our research team wants to know, how does climate change work, and what traces does it leave in the ice? that and much more coming up on dw science, you welcome to tomorrow. today the

is minus 20 degrees celsius outside that mortgage macowski has no problem with the cold. she's fascinated by inch an ice. such ice only exists in a few places on us, but temperature is always below freezing the powder regions and particularly high altitude places in the mountains. samples from such mountain glaciers a store here in the lapse co chamber. this size is several 1000 years old. as insulation, ice contains lots of the bubbles, and that's why it's a fantastic archive. because we can directly analyze the arrows the palm. it's the only archive on us that can do that. as of to add them in collaboration with the international research group, the ice memory chikavsky wants to collect samples from high mountain glaciers on all and competed continents. her goal is to research the climate just mountain

regions. thousands of years ago, hunter use the data to improve regional climate, full cost. yeah, i was able to dots and also i, we have very good data from ice cores and i'm talk to cones about only affects tristan directly to india likes and tennessee of course, climate change is global world wide as in fact, but we want more precise information for the regions where people live for different going well because that's why you have to take measures to protect people from climate change and vice for them dimensional to ship. some for them came guessing to the engine ice is always an adventure icon. bolivia is a non e mountain in 2017. the target glacier life is now 2 to 6400 meters. 3 such as drill down to the rocky bedrock. not the very boston, the ice is 18000 years old. only in the potent regions is the ice old. the ice is made up of layers that correspond to use in seasons when to produce is

lighter ice than summer. between the chemical analysis can determine the exact age . if the ice melts, vital data will be lost forever. the closest problem, if that's the biggest problem now with cost is climate change itself. it's an unbelievable force and because of it, we're having increasing difficulty finding places that distill suitable for this kind of reset, as well as i fossil or reset to object, is dwindling away in the in 2018, she kosky was with the ice memory team on below 4500 meters, the highest mountain inside the area. on the glacier between the 2 peaks, she and her team spent almost 3 weeks in the freezing cold. they were able to drill down to the bedrock, a 160 meters deep. or now the cool sample from mcglatian lies in front of her a nicole chain, but normally the research is what they weigh into the depth civic leisha bit by bit

from top to bottom. but here, the most important question was, how old is the i sample on the edge dropped within it? you know, you will see for curious of cool off to the ice, arrived in switzerland. we started studying the lowest layers, and we now know it's much older than 10000 years old. now the systematic, he's, i'm a nation, begins. the researches wear gloves when handling the ice. so was not to contaminate that piece by piece sunset. blanca and giovanni buckler works a way into the past. first, they saw a real fiancee last son to the plug i wants to nature, examine them to pull in to find out which pond screw in siberia thousands of years ago. the interior of the ice school will be used to search for hydrogen ions, the types that can determine its age, as well as the climate gases and fine dust. the old ice from the glacier that lies 7000 kilometers east of the alps is now push it into

the iron chromatograph. the chemist use it to determine the levels of that pollution in the past. as we have this on the so here's a precious place you on ice. now we saw this house so that we can do a chemical analysis on it. then looking for gases that have been preserved for thousands of years. greenhouse gases like c o 2 and me thing they do, so particulate matter of that cruise, the climate from the kind of corruptions and forest bias, for example of the traces of nitrate search. so phase ledge and other elements in the ice also reveal human activities. some of which are not yet documented. laska, i looked across the ones with a what's really interesting and that surprised us as the developments in europe. russia actually looks very similar. and then we didn't expect the because in europe they introduced a pollution control measures in the seventy's and eighty's, but not in russia, month of august on done then we learned even before the collapse of the soviet

union, the economy was stuck. ne thing always, even in the recession and as a result, they no longer buy and just money, fossil fuels, and so we missed it. last sulfur dioxide for see the bunch stuff up on pet or bench biking to him. that was also a surprise for us because the data one to accessible instead of coolest, one published by the soviet union, but not in his pockets. yet what of what the, the ice calls proof that, that really was a decline even before the collapse of the soviet union. and also as adults had months on for the call upstairs. so they don't, i'm obviously caught the eye samples from the outs contain even more surprises. for example, that the ancient romans were already policing the ass with toxic let from mining, it was not until the full of the roman empire that the air became cleaner. again, the more active the economy, the dusty of the at something that's still true today of us employers, let's say also the interest rate is that we can also see these concentrations coming down again on donald guns. todd,

so that we can clearly show that the pollution control measures that we've introduced to also to stop for a sty back and ask rain, have had an impact as if it could, we can take action if we want to. we can improve things. if it's the best time to come, then you set to you on montero is a 4500 meters high. it's one of the last calculations in the outs design. just hurry to recover. as many i samples as possible, the full meltwater contaminates and mortgage because sky, notice from previous expeditions that the ice varies ancient. she's determined to recover it and succeeds has, has the team planned to store some of the ice cools and talks to cap and creation, all kinds of ancient glacial ice. which such an archive be safe in antarctic ice? satellite images shows it and arctic sea ice has been breaking up. unusually early

. a recent study shows how it's caused the deaths of thousands of emperor or penguin checks as the off spring. don't have the time to develop water proof feathers. projects are either drowning freezing or starting to dest. human made climate change as the cause and penguins weren't the only species suffering. as we see in germany, a cold loving trout that lives in oxygen rich streams and rivers. a toad with a yellow belly that needs puddles to survive on the bat that likes to lay it. sikes and other birds nest. just 3 of many species, native to germany, whose existence is threatened by climate change. the author, the cheese that were needed here,

but are unable to tolerate the new conditions will become very rare or even die out or migrate students. some german studies say about a 3rd of species will be negatively impacted. negative 5 low said another species, among them is the brown trout, profess cool condition. somewhere between 7 and 19 degrees celsius ellipse and foss, flemming, and class streams and rivers. in the future of ritual to temperatures are expected to rise significantly, especially in how some of those things may become critical to the ground trial. afterwards, the temperature of 25 degrees celsius, the other fish can just about survive. what's above stop by die. the reason is the oxygen levels go down and we'll move to the trans touch. we need more oxygen at high temperatures because that metabolism is working harder and they. busy will need also the moment when the water temperatures get too high and we'll try to move

to cooler water. it will migrate up hill and at some point a force there habitat won't exist anymore. it's home for by the streams they need simply won't be available. and that would be the end of the brown trout in central europe. there's a hose for the buffalo. what determines whether climate change hits the species with full force that were full font because it's an animal species is location sensitive. i'm know very low volume. if it's sensitive to temperature changes, if it needs a particular and continuous habitats, and can i may be found by or if it's already in danger and the population has already shrunk. the more points that's applied to a species, however, it's hit. in the german state of has a 130 endangered species to protect it, to die out as a result, climate change, the yellow valley tired as one of them. it's normally found in what lands and stuff

and, and central gemini, many of which have already been destroyed by humans. the yellow belly type need small puddles and palms to lay up spoon. baltic stream whether events like droughts and heat waves are becoming more frequent in germany. and thought to expose the end of the species and citizens at the table for the or for them to the ends are a group of animals that depend on what conditions are small ponds and water holes. and these run the risk of drawing out during hot spells are drowned by your sites were already experiencing this to a great extent. in places in the state of brandenburg, for example, about 80 percent of all amphibians have already disappeared. because the spawning waters are simply no longer there and you can move on to the nature conservation and ga, not be estimates that there are about $600.00, although yellow valley tides less than the job and stay to pass that makes the 5 sense me so long tired, when is the rarest dumps at the end?

it's highly endangered throughout gemini, just likes the yellow belly tired. the crew also has a climate related of the spring problem. in the spring, every tons, comments, wintering, grounds in southern africa and mates. the females and laser and the last of another bad unless the climate change is upsetting the pads with on the, on the, on the shield as clearly we had a shift of almost a month in the onset of spring on central europe, which means that many bird species start breathing are like our co from short, and they're migratory routes to return earlier. so we may even benefit by making several broods per year. is on the way all the cuckoo, however, is a long distance migrant that winter's south of the equator. it can't reduce its migration revenue because then it would end up in the mediterranean or in this a heart was all along because of the earlier on such of spring along with the

destruction of the habitats of the highest beds. cookie populations have declined in england, for example, it's numbers have dropped by 60 percent, and the last to yes. so many animal species, global warming means heat, drought, and a change of that habitat. if the average global temperature rises by one degree vegetation signs just about 200 kilometers towards the polls, or about 200 meters of puts in altitude, for instance in the out some species but depends on certain conditions cannot keep up and are in danger of becoming extinct the same applies to species, the already live at the polls or very high altitudes. the brown tramped is unable to escape. if a stream dries up, who becomes to whom estimates suggests 90 percent of it suitable habit testing, gemini could be lost by the end of this century on so many native species of eco

systems, climate stress due to heat some drought is already a reality today. devastating wildfires hit again this summer and especially badly in canada and greece increasingly often the blazes seem to spiral out of control. it's not just due to drive down the forest floors, but also fair in tree tops. research teams can tell from tree canopies how endangered the trees are weather and tropical rain forests, where europe's commercial timber lands climate change has arrived in germany and its forest. but how exactly can you recognize this impacts? it's a question biologist in a z, as in his students so well hang on, answering the types of research, tyler at the university of kaiser's lawson,

for example, they're investigating how climate change shows often the treetops this interior in regular 170 year old oak forest here and we're interested in the plant organisms and micro organisms. sunset can grow in the canopy of the tree, often boy and bucks. the work takes them to the very top of the research, tell us that he's 6 meters above ground. once that assign, just to measure the house and activity of the most is in like in. so they've a fixed yet the more humid this, the house here and more active they are on the more active they are, the more of the greenhouse gas c o. 2, they can absorb the well being of the most isn't like in salt pet is representative of the house and so far as the eco system, the inputs in order for these organisms more interested in these organisms because they are very sensitive,

very sensitive to changes in climate so not to allow this allows us to detect climate change in a very, very early buildings. and so you could also call it an early warning system on the system, which they said the warning system made up of most as in like ins, indicates that the dry and hot some is, are affecting the quantity of the habitats as well as already cause a serious problems for the x rays growing here. they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites. and then the bar tree at the university of kaiser slauson, kind of vs and his students are investigating another aspect of climate change in the forest. his focus is on which insects currently live on the trees. it matters because most insects, the habits, always and feed on assessment tree species. and if it's the she's when she disappeared used to climate change, the consequences would be far reaching the amiga. i'm the

same. what else when some vice could have what we found in some simulations that is important tree species such as beach are missing to type set up to 30 or 40 percent of the insect species are lost. so that is definitely an indication that the change can be very dramatic. they have on to say a telemarketer sign, such as scenario would not only impact insects and trees species on dashed a level in 16 pressing at the point where plant eating insects the leaves. the 1st transfer of plans into the food chain takes place. logic is coming from flooding, seen in the novel condition. all the other organisms of deforest, including humans, depend heavily on an inch because without food welds and without this transfer of materials here. so keep this, there is no longer a functioning eco assessed though kind of pull, so no production of food because it's cetera. to prevent this,

we must password protect by diversity and ensure that forest management is eaten, logically sensitive, been months, a vice booth. fisher still does suspicion the po, for example, you find that there are certain trees issues that are particularly susceptible to climate change and couldn't. and then you could prioritize replacing the history as in the forest talking thoughtful with 0. or you could just protect these trees, be she's in particular through certain forestry measure 6 on districts. jewish pushed him to foster the protective methods include fostering next stage, a mix species for us with drought resistant trees, species. oh, trees should be left as long as possible as they promote 5 diversity. the wide range of trees species is also important mode i've asked to makes insight comp, networks let's to set the species extinction.

trees are great absorbers of climate damage in carbon dioxide. but the world's peak lands are even more efficient and sucking up to c o. 2, than all its forests put together, untouched or restored pete lands make an important contribution to climate and species protection. and they can also protect against the flooding. this example is from the southern german states of the various landscape fuller full to the nickel. hi michelle. it's a positive one of the largest pete lens and stuff in germany. the area used to look like this, covered with ditches and the water level. so fairly low it a huge peak, took struction area. how are you raised some bag? i still remember the time back when he was still a little boy. when we moved into childhood, if you look down there, the whole area was black and under when the wind blew,

we never clouds of dust and everything was dark and black looked like scorch stars . we frontier, this will get somebody more than 200 years ago. pete was caught by hunter to heat living rooms towards the end of the 19th century began to be extracted on an industrial scale. fast as fuel then from the 1950s, mainly for posting soil. those practices ended in 2005. and now the water is collected instead of drained something that helps the climate, wildlife and humans. landscape ecologist, cornelius has been working with people and since the 1980s, she knows the home for the interventions come the work has. and that pete lens can provide even more she and her husband examine the quality of the pizza oil hair and that goes in those most. intox p friends can retain enormous amounts of gold to do that. for one of nature's most deficient tools against flooding.

it is 12 most each pete, most of the species holds $26.00 times its own way from rain for this i can give you and says, i need a flock of an ox like a giant sponge. can you can i'm it said we've managed to secure massive flood protection for nikolai, but either way restoration started in 3005. and since then we haven't had any more flooding application. go to this nature is of a section of pete lenses. we not 2 lives at the beginning of this year. the drainage that just for the form of pete cutting was filled in about 30 pete dams. now prevent water from flowing out. yeah, yeah, it's not for one and then on to media that will be few of the berry bushes that still dominate. yeah. for you various dimensions. only 2 months old. so it's very new and switched to see that look much more challenging in the long run. and after

a few years you won't see anything anymore. you'll have to look for it. then this is done. so hopefully pete lens make a major contribution to climate protection. because drain pete lens and ultimately unable to store water. oxygen also gets to the pete that causes mineralization which releases climate damage and gases like c o 2. and in some cases, even nitrous oxide, which is even more harmful 6 percent of greenhouse gas emissions and the battery, i come from drain to pete lens mode every year. our little bit of heat land can store carbon dioxide produced 518000 cars. it's almost about 1100 hector as have been re naturalized, and once they're covered and piedmont has again, will have a real carbon saying here when to expect. there is a 220000 tech tabs of people and in bavaria are alone. and just 5 percent of f as in time, and that's still a lot of potential to protect the climate and prevent flooding.

let us read why and know over to you. do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer it on the air, we'll give you a little surprise. is it? thank you. this week's question comes from roughly on nunez from finland. the why do auroras are new to the expos, and what makes them so colorful the risk and take different phones, whether they come dropped behaving cuttings in the sky, old right elongated bands. that depends how turbulent things are in the atmosphere and magnetic field. the,

the auroras to northern and southern lights are created by the interaction of electrically charged particles from the sun. with the smoking ethics field, the side of the policy goes hit the magnetic field at 500 to 800 kilometers per 2nd . this direct deposit goes around to the us many and that the suppose it's only that the so deposit goes can hit the layers of the atmosphere. the athens get charged electrically and met tonight. the overall reason mostly seen near the magnetic poles of us that are especially common in alaska, finland and new way. know about the colors. green light is produced by oxygen athens that's an altitude of around a 100 kilometers. red light is generated by oxygen and even higher layers of the

atmosphere resigned as auroras' come from nitrogen napkins. the 3rd deposit goes have to be very fast to make them play. the fascinating lights can also be seen from space and asked, by the way, it's not the only planet that has a boris the space pat escapes after the spectacle and g to choose on the largest planet and also to assist in aurora is shining. ultra violet, an x ray lights which are rice cannot see the, the, the hubble even detected. ultra violet tours on sexton. they shine particularly brightly at satins, north pole, shortly before midnight. and it on the

that's all from this addition of tomorrow. today dw science show. thanks for watching and see you next time. the

power specialties spiced with a luxury a sleeper and with a touch of art. culinary excellence you're up to saver. you are coming up on d. w. monkeys. interesting because

treading the line between plastic and the job finish can kinda come. e mail is august on tiny house comes with an in depth conversation cooking and of course music and val, fussy minutes, dw, the sometimes a seed is all you need to allow big ideas to grow. we're bringing an environmental conservation to life with learning facts like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing,

download it now for the discovery. change your mind just to click away, find out best document trees on you to see the world, the subscribe. now to dw documentary, the question of the question, lies the universe and every thing usually answer well then give it here. the answer to almost every thing. we're documentary series with whoever groundbreaking questions can

be after life. we are sitting, saving the world, 42. the answer to almost everything this week on d w, the, this is the w news and these are a top stores within 2100 people are now known to of been killed in the biggest is quite to hit morocco in more than a century rescue is still searching for survivors. hospitals are struggling to cope with a number of casualties. quite struck in the high atlas mountains, south west of america. yes. 3 days of national morning have forgot india has passed the.