[000:00:00;00] the c w, this is everything else is available to them and it has met up in some sense chem and the ice memory. that's the name of the international project mortgage because sky is working on the chemist take samples from glaciers all over the world stored within the ancient ice for thousands of years of climate data. our research team wants to know, how does climate change work, and what traces does it leave in the ice? that and much more coming up on dw science,

you welcome to tomorrow. today the is minus 20 degrees celsius outside that mortgage macowski has no problem with the cold. she's fascinated by inch an ice. such ice only exists and a few places on us. but temperatures are always below freezing the powder regions and particularly high altitude places in the mountains. samples from such mountain glaciers is stored here in the laps coal chamber. this ice is several 1000 years old. installation ice contains lots of the bubbles and that's why it's a fantastic archive because we can directly analyze the arrows, the palm. it's the only archive on us can do that. i'd love to add them in collaboration with the international research cruet ice memory. chikavsky wants

to collect samples from high mountain glaciers on old and have did continence. her goal is to research the climate of mountain regions. thousands of years ago. hunter use the data to improve regional climate, full cost. yeah, i was able to dots and also i, we have very good data from ice cores and i'm talk to comes about only effects to send directly to india likes and tennessee of course, climate change is global worldwide as in fact, but we want more precise information for the regions where people live for different going well because that's why you have to take measures to protect people from climate change from vice boom dimensions for shits. and for them came of i'm guessing to the engine ice is always an adventure icon. bolivia is a non e mountain in 2017. the target glacial life is now st. jude of 6400 meters. 3 such as drill down to the rocky bedrock. not the very books in the ice is 18000 years old. only in the potent regions as the ice older,

the ice is made up of layers that correspond to use and seasons. when to produce is lighter ice than summer. pertaining the chemical analysis can determine the exact age. if the ice melts, vital data will be lost forever. the closest problem if that's the biggest problem now of course is climate change itself. it's an unbelievable force and because of it, we're having increasing difficulty finding places that distill suitable for this kind of reset. as the fossil or reset to object is dwindling away, spend the time in 2018 chevy. kosky was with the ice memory team on blue, 4500 meters, the highest mountain and siberia on the glacier between the 2 peaks. she and her team spend almost 3 weeks in the freezing cold. they were able to drill down to the bedrock, a 160 meters deep is now a cool sample from the glacial lies in front of her in the cold chain. but normally

the research is what they weigh into the depth civic leisha bit by bit from top to bottom. but here the most important question was how old is the i sample on the edge dropped within it? we will see for curious of cool off to the ice of ice in switzerland. we started studying the lowest layers and we now know it's much older than 10000 years old. now the system actually he's, i'm a nation, begins the reset. she has wear gloves when handling the ice, so was not to contaminate that piece by piece sunset. blanca and giovanni buckler works a way into the past. first, they saw a real fiance last sunday. i plug i wants to nature, examine them to pull in to find out which ponds grew inside bay area. thousands of years ago. the interior of the ice cold will be used to search for hydrogen ions. the types that can determine its age, as well as the climate gases and fine dust. the old

ice from the glacier that lies 7000 kilometer is east of the out, is now push into the iron chromatograph. the chemist use it to determine the levels of that pollution in the past as a unit on the so here's the precious collection ice. now we still discount so that we can do a chemical analysis on it and then looking for gases that have been preserved for thousands of years. greenhouse gases like c o 2 and me thing to do. so particulate matter that cruise the climate from the kind of corruptions and forest bias. for example of the traces of nitrate such sol, sage legend, other elements in the ice also revealed human activities. some of which are not yet documented. laska, i looked across the ones with a what's really interesting and that surprised us as the developments in europe. russia actually looks very similar then each of us, we didn't expect the because in europe they introduced pollution control measures in the seventy's and eighty's, but enough in russia,

month of august on done then we learned even before the collapse of the soviet union, the economy was stuck ne thing always even in the recession and does a result, they no longer find his money, fossil fuels, and so we missed that last so for dioxide for see the bunch stuff up on pet or bench biking to him. that was also a surprise for us because the data one to accessible instead of coolest, one published by the soviet union, but not to publish yet. what of what the, the ice caused proof that, that really was a decline even before the collapse of the soviet union. and also, as adults had months on flawed and collapsed as though they don't, i'm up to copy the ice samples from the alps contain even most surprises. for example, that the ancient romans were already policing the ap with toxic let from mining. it was not until the full of the roman empire, the air became cleaner. again, the more active the economy, the dusty of the at something that's still true today of us employers, let's say also the interest rate is that we can also see these concentrations

coming down again on donald guns cloud so that we can clearly show that the air pollution control measures that we've introduced to also to stop for a sty back and ask rain, have had an impact as if it could, we can take action if we want to. we can improve things at the best time to come, then you've set t on montero is a 4500 meters high. it's one of the last calculations in the out. the scientists hurry to recover as many i samples as possible, the full meltwater contaminates and mortgage because sky, notice from previous expeditions that the ice varies ancient. she's determined to recover it and succeeds has, has the team plan to store some of the high schools in and talked to cap and creation all kinds of ancient glacial ice. which such an archive be safe in antarctic ice?

satellite images shows it and arctic sea ice has been breaking up. unusually early . a recent study shows how it's caused the deaths of thousands of emperor or penguin cheques as the off spring don't have the time to develop water proof feathers. projects are either drowning freezing or starving to death. human made climate change as the cause and penguins weren't the only species suffering. as we see in germany, a cold loving trout that lives in oxygen rich streams and rivers. a toad with a yellow belly that needs puddles to survive on the bed that likes to lay it. sikes and other birds nest. just 3 of many species, native to germany, whose existence is threatened by climate change. the

author, the cheese that were needed here, but are unable to tolerate the new conditions will become very rare or even die out or migrate students. some german studies say about a 3rd of species will be negatively impacted. negative 5 low said another species, among them is the brown trout, profess cool condition. somewhere between 7 and 19 degrees celsius ellipse and foss, flemming, and class streams and rivers. in the future of ritual to temperatures are expected to rise significantly, especially in how some of those things may become critical to the ground troops. to hold the temperature of 25 degrees celsius, the other fish can just about survive. what's above that they die. the reason is the oxygen levels go down and we'll move to the trans touch. we need more oxygen at higher temperatures because that metabolism is working harder and they. busy will

need also the moment when the water temperatures get too high and we'll try to move to cooler water. it will migrate up hill and at some point a force there habitat won't exist anymore. it's home for by the streams they need simply won't be available. and that would be the end of the brown trout in central europe. there's a hose for the buffalo. what determines whether the climate change hits the species was full for summer full foxes. it's an animal species as location sensitive. i'm not very immobile. if it's sensitive to temperature changes, if it needs a particular and continuous habitats, and it may be found by or if it's already in danger and the population has already shrunk. the more points that's applied to a species, however it's hit in the german state of has a $130.00 endangered species to protect it, to die out as a result, climate change,

the yellow valley tired as one of them. it's normally found in what lands and stuff and, and central gemini, many of which have already been destroyed by humans. the yellow belly type need small puddles and palms to lay at school. both extreme weather events like droughts and heat waves are becoming more frequent in germany, and soc, could spell the end of the species. the old citizens at such a table for the or for them to the ends are a group of animals that depend on what conditions are small ponds and water holes. and these run the risk of drawing out during hot spells are drowned by your sites were already experiencing this to a great extent. in places in the state of brandon burke, for example, about 80 percent of all amphibians have already disappeared because the spawning waters are simply no longer there. and you can move on to the nature conservation and ga, not be estimates that there are about $600.00, although yellow belly tides less than the job and stay to pass that makes the $0.05

me so long tired. when is the rarest dumps at the end? it's highly endangered throughout gemini, just likes the yellow belly tired. the crew also has a climate related of the spring problem. in the spring, every tons, comments, wintering, grounds in southern africa and mates. the females and liaison and the last of another bad unless it huh. the climate change is upsetting the pads rest on the, on the, on the shield as clearly we had a shift of almost a month in the onset of spring on central europe, which means that many bird species start breathing are like our co from short and they're migratory routes to return earlier, so we may even benefit by making several broods per year. is of amino avoiding for you all. the cuckoo, however, is a long distance migrant that winter's south of the equator. it can reduce its migration revenue because then it would end up in the mediterranean or in this

a heart was all along because of the earlier on such of spring along with the destruction of the habitats of the highest beds. cookie populations have declined in england, for example, as numbers have dropped by 60 percent, and the last to yes to many animal species, global warming means heat, drought, and a change of that habitat. if the average global temperature rises by one degree vegetation site and shift about 200 kilometers towards the polls or about 200 meters upwards in altitude, for instance, in the out. some species that depends on certain conditions cannot keep up and are in danger of becoming extinct. the same applies to species. the already live at the polls or very high altitudes. the ground tramped is unable to escape. if a stream dries up, who becomes to whom?

estimates suggests 90 percent of it suitable have a testing gemini, could be lost by the end of this century on so many native species of eco systems, climate stress due to heat some drought is already a reality today. the devastating wildfires hit again this summer and especially badly in canada and greece increasingly often the blazes seem to spiral out of control just not just due to dried out forest floors, but also fair in tree tops. research teams can tell from tree canopies how endangered the trees are weather in tropical rain forests, where europe's commercial timber lands climate change has arrived in germany and its forest. but how exactly can you recognize this impact? it's a question biologist in a z, as in his students so well hang on,

answering the types of research, tyler at the university of kaiser's lawson, for example. they're investigating how climate change shows often the treetops this into in regular 170 year old oak forest here. and we're interested in the plant organisms and micro organisms. sunset can grow in the canopy of the tree, often boy and bucks. the work takes them to the very top of the research, tell us that he's 6 meters above ground. once the scientists measure the house and the activity of the most is in like in. so they've of fixed, yet the more human does the health care and more active they are on the more active they are, the more of the greenhouse gas c o 2, they can absorb the well being of the most isn't like in salt. pet is representative of the house and so far as the eco system, the inputs in order for these organisms are interested in these organisms

because they are very sensitive, very sensitive to changes in climate so not to allow this allows us to detect con matic changes. very, very early. so you could also call it an early warning system button system, which means this saturday, warning system made up as most as in like, kens, indicates that the dry and hot some is, are affecting the quantity of the habitats as well as already causing serious problems for the x rays growing here, they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites. and then the bar tree at the university of kaiser slauson kind of vs and his students are investigating. another aspect of climate change in the forest to the focus is on which insects currently live on the trees. it matters because most insects, the habits, voice and feed on assessment tree species and just to speak. she's when

she disappeared used to climate change. the consequences would be far reaching to i need to understand what else when some vice can have what we found in some simulations that is important to us. we usually use such as beach, are missing to tie, set up to 30 or 40 percent of the insect species are lost. so that is definitely an indication that the change can be very dramatic. they have on to say a telemarketer sign, such as scenario would not only impact insects and tree species. and dashed a level in 16 pressing at the point where plant eating insects the leaves. the 1st transfer of plans into the food chain takes place logic. it come from flooding, seen in the novel condition, all the other organisms of deforest, including humans, depend heavily on an inch because without food welds and without this transfer of materials here. so keep this, there is no longer a functioning eco assessed though. kind of presto,

no protection of food because it's cetera. to prevent this, we must password protect by diversity and ensure that forest management is economically sensitive. been once a vice booth fish the suspicion, the po, for example. you find that there are certain trees issues that are particularly susceptible to climate change and couldn't. and then you could prioritize replacing the history as in the forest talking faufau is 0. or you could just protect these trees. species in particular, through certain forestry measure 6 on districts into a spectrum default. other protective methods include fostering next stage a mix species for us with drought resistant trees species. oh, trees should be left as long as possible as they promote 5 diversity. the wide range of trees species is also important mode. i've asked to makes insight comp,

networks let's to set the species extinction. trees are great absorbers of climate damage in carbon dioxide. but the world's peak lands are even more efficient and sucking up to c. o. 2 than all its forests put together, untouched or restored pete lands make an important contribution to climate and species protection. and they can also protect against the flooding. this example is from the southern german states of the various landscape fuller full to the nickel home of felt a pulse of one of the largest. pete lends himself in germany. the area used to look like this, covered with ditches and the water level. so fairly low it a huge peak struction area. how are you raised some bag? i still remember the time back when he was still a little boy to the show to it. if you look down there, the whole area was black,

and under when the wind blew, we never clouds of dust and everything was dark and black looked like scorch stars . we frontier this will get somebody more than 200 years ago. pete's was caught by hunter to heat living rooms towards the end of the 19th century began to be extracted on an industrial scale. fast as fuel then from the 1950s, mainly for potting soil. those practices ended in 2005. and now the water is collected instead of drained something that helps the climate, wildlife, and humans. landscape ecologist, cornelia has been working with people and since the 1980s she knows the home from interventions come, the earth has and the peat land and then provide even more she and her husband examined the quality of the pizza, royal herring the case in those most intox pittmans can retain enormous amounts of

cool to do that for one of nature's most efficient tools against flooding. you just call for most each pete. most of the species holds 26 times its own way from rain. for this i can give you and says, i need a flock of an ox like a giant sponge. and you can have, it said we've managed to secure massive flood protection for nikolai, but either way restoration started in 2005. and since then we haven't had any more flooding application. go to this nature as of a section of pete lenses. we not true lies that the beginning of this year. the drainage that just for the form of pete cutting were filled in about 30 pete dams. now prevent water from flowing out here yet, slow, 400 and then on to media. that will be few of the berry bushes that still dominate here for you berries. a dimensions are only 2 months old. so it's very newton

switched to see that look much more challenging in the long run, and after a few years you won't see anything anymore. you'll have to look for it, then it's done. so hopefully pete lens make a major contribution to climate protection because drain pete lens and not totally unable to store water. oxygen also gets to the peak that causes mineralization which releases climate damage and gases like c o 2. and in some cases, even nitrous oxide, which is even more harmful 6 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the battery, i come from drained to pete lens includes a piece of motor every year. our little bit of heat land can store and the carbon dioxide produced 518000 cars. it's almost about 1100 hector as have been re naturalized, and once they're covered in piedmont has again, another real carbon saying here when to expect that there is a 220000 tech task of pete lyndon bavaria. we're alone and just 5 percent of us has intact that's still

a lot of potential to protect the climate and to prevent flooding. let us read why and know over to you. do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer it on the air, we'll give you a little surprise. is it? thank you. this week's question comes from russell young nunez from finland. the why do auroras are new to the polls? and what makes them so colorful the risk and take different phones, whether they can drop behaving cuttings in the sky or bright, elongated bands. that depends how turbulent things are in the site miss via and

magnetic field. the, the auroras to northern and southern lights created by the interaction of electrically charged particles from the sun. with the magnetic field discern, deposit cause hit the magnetic fields at 500 to 800 kilometers per 2nd. this direct deposit goes around the us many and that the polls. it's only that the 7 deposit goes can hit the layers of the atmosphere, the actions get charged electrically and admit tonight. the overall reason mostly see near the magnetic poles of the us. that are especially common in alaska, finland, and new way. know about the colors. green light is produced by oxygen athens that's now that you did around

a 100 kilometers. red light is generated by oxygen and even higher layers of the atmosphere. pretty vine at your roars. come from nitrogen athens. the sir deposit goes, have to be very fast to make them play fast. amazing lights can also be seen from space and asked, by the way, it's not the only planet that has a boris. the space had escaped himself to spectacle and g to choose on the largest planet and also in the system of orange shining, ultra violet, an x ray lights, which our eyes cannot see. the the hubble even detected. ultra violet tours on sexton. they shine particularly brightly at saxons north pole,

shortly before midnight on it on the that's all from this addition of tomorrow. today dw science show. thanks for watching and see you next time.

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