a forest fires, evaporation, large amounts of moist tune in to get the onset and learn more about the heavy and visible over the flows through the sky. start september 20th on the w, the ice memories. that's the name of the international project mortgage because sky is working on the chemist take samples from glaciers all over the world, stored within the ancient ice for thousands of years of climate data. our research team wants to know, how does climate change work, and what traces does it leave in the ice? that and much more coming up on dw science, you welcome to tomorrow. today the

is minus 20 degrees celsius outside that mortgage macowski has no problem with the cold. she's fascinated by inch an ice. such ice only exists and a few places on us. with temperatures always play freezing. the powder regions on particularly high altitude places in the mountains. samples from such mountain glaciers, a stored here in the lapse co chamber. this ice is several 1000 years old. as insulation, ice contains lots of the bubbles and that's why it's a fantastic archive. because we can directly analyze the arrows, the palm, it's the only archive on us can do that. as of to add them in collaboration with the international research group, the ice memory trick off ski wants to collect samples from high mountain glaciers on old and have did continence. her goal is to research the climate of mountain

regions thousands of years ago. and to use the data to improve regional climate, full cost. yeah, i was able to dots and also i, we have very good data from ice cores and on top to come. so not only affects tristan directly to in the likes and tennessee, of course, climate change is global worldwide, as in fact, but we want more precise information for the regions where people live for different going well because that's why you have to take measures to protect people from climate change from vice boom dimensions to ship some for them came about guessing to the engine. ice is always an adventure tie. con. bolivia is a non e mountain in 2017. the target glacier life is now st. jude of 6400 meters, 3 such as drill down to the rocky bedrock. not the very boston, the ice is 18000 years old. only in the potent regions as the ice older. the ice is made up of layers that correspond to years and seasons. when to produces

lighter ice than summer, pertaining the chemical analysis can determine the exact age. if the ice melts, vital data will be lost forever. the closest problem is that's the biggest problem . now of course is climate change itself. to know it's an unbelievable force and because of it, we're having increasing difficulty finding places that distill suitable for this kind of reset, as well as i fossil or reset to objects, is dwindling away. spend the time in 2008 change the kosky was with the ice memory team on blue. at 4500 meters, the highest mountain and siberia on the glacier between the 2 peaks. she and her team spend almost 3 weeks and the freezing cold. they were able to drill down to the bedrock, a 160 meters deep. now the cool sample from the glacial lies in front of her in the coal chamber. normally the research is what they weigh into the depth civic leisha

bit by bit from top to bottom. but here the most important question was how old is the i sample on the edge dropped within it? we will see for curious of cool of to the ice of items but so then we started studying the lowest layers and we now know it's much older than 10000 years old. now the systematic, he's, i'm a nation, begins the reset. she has wear gloves when handling the ice, so was not to contaminate that piece by piece sunset. blanca and giovanni buckler works a way into the past. first, they saw a real fiancee last funds. i plug i wants to nature, examine them to pull in to find out which pond screw in siberia thousands of years ago. the interior of the ice school will be used to search for hydrogen ions. the types that can determine its age, as well as the climate gases and fine dust. the old ice from the glacier that lies 7000 kilometers east of the alps is now this into

the iron chromatograph. the chemist use it to determine the levels of that pollution in the past as we have this on the so here's our precious place you on ice. now we start with the account so that we can do a chemical analysis on it. then looking for gases that have been preserved for thousands of years, greenhouse gases like c o 2 and me thing, but also particular method that cruise the climate from volcanic eruptions and forest bias, for example. but the traces of nitrate search, sol, sites, and that, and other elements and the ice also reveal human activities, some of which are not yet documented. laska, i looked across the ones with a what's really interesting and that surprised us as the developments in europe. russia actually looks very similar. many of us, we didn't expect the because in europe they introduced air pollution control measures in the seventy's and eighty's, but enough to and russia montalvan is on done then we left the even before the

collapse of the soviet union, the economy was stuck. ne thing always, even in the recession, and as a result, they no longer find his money, fossil fuels, and so we missed that last so for dioxide, for seeds of an inch to $5.00 on pipe one, benchmarking to him. that was also a surprise for us. because the data one to accessible instead of coolest one published by the soviet union that nothing has pockets yet what of what the, the ice cause proof that, that really was a decline even before the collapse of the soviet union. and also, as adults had months on flawed and collapsed as of late, i don't, i'm up to copy the i samples from the alps contain even most surprises, for example, that the ancient romans were already policing the ass with toxic let from mining. it was not until the full of the roman empire that the air became cleaner. again, the more active the economy, the dusty of the at something that's still true today of us employers, ourselves. the interest rate is that we can also see these concentrations coming down again on donald guns,

todd so that we can clearly show that the pollution control measures that we've introduced to also to stop for a sty back and ask rain, have had an impact on the vehicle we can take action if we want to. we can improve things at the best time to come, then you're set to you on montero is a 4500 meters high. it's one of the last calculations in the out. the scientists hurry to recover as many i samples as possible, the full meltwater contaminates in mortgage because sky, notice from previous expeditions that the ice varies ancient. she's determined to recover it and succeeds has, has the team planned to store some of the ice clothes and talk to cap and creation all kinds of ancient glacial ice. which such an archive fee cease and then towards the guys satellite images shows that and arctic

sea ice has been breaking up. unusually early. a recent study shows how it's caused the deaths of thousands of emperor or penguin cheques as the off spring. don't have the time to develop water proof feathers, projects are either drowning freezing or starting to dest. human made climate change as the cause and penguins weren't the only species suffering. as we see in germany, a cold loving trout that lives in oxygen rich streams and rivers. a toad for the yellow valley that needs puddles to survive. on the fat that likes to may, its eggs and other birds nests. just 3 of many species, native to germany, whose existence is threatened by climate change. the author, the issues that were needed here,

but are unable to tolerate the new conditions will become very rare or even die out or migrate students. some german studies say about a 3rd of species will be negatively impacted, negative 5 listed. another species, among them is the brown trout. the profess cool condition. somewhere between 7 and 19 degrees celsius ellipse and foss, fleming, unclear streams and rivers in the future are french water. temperatures are expected to rise significantly, especially in health. some of those things may become critical to the ground trouts to hold a temperature of 25 degrees. celsius the adult fish can just about survive, but to both stop by die. the reason is the oxygen levels go down and we'll move to the trans touch. we need more oxygen at higher temperatures because that metabolism is working harder. and then. busy we'll need also the moment when the water temperatures get too high and we'll try to move to cooler water. it will migrate up

hill and at some point it force their habitat won't exist anymore. it's home for by the streams they need simply won't be available. and that would be the end of the brown trout in central europe. there's a host for the buffalo. what determines whether climate change hits the species with full force that were full foxes? it's an animal species as location sensitive. i know very low volume. if it's sensitive to temperature changes, if it needs a particular and continuous habitats and can only be found by or if it's already in danger, and the population has already shrunk to more points that apply to a species. however, it's hit. in the german state of has uh, a 130 endangered species to protect it, to die out as a result, climate change. the yellow valley tired is one of them. it's normally found in wetlands and southern and central germany,

many of which have already been destroyed by humans. the yellow valley tyre need small puddles and palms too late at school. about extreme weather events like droughts and heat waves becoming more frequent in germany, and thought could spell the end of the species. the old citizens at such a table for the or for them to be ins are a group of animals that depend on what conditions are small ponds and water holes. and these run the risk of drawing out during hot spells are drowned by your sites were already experiencing this to a great extent. in places in the state of brandenburg, for example, about 80 percent of all amphibians have already disappeared. because the spawning waters are simply no longer there and you can move on to the nature conservation energy. i not the estimates that there are about $600.00 out of yellow by the time it's less than the german state to pass. that makes the $0.05 me so long tired.

when is the rarest? i'm 50 and it's highly endangered throughout gemini, just likes the yellow ballet tired. the crew also has a climate related of the spring problem. in the spring, every tons, comments, wintering, grounds in southern africa and mates, the females and liaison and the last of another bad unless it huh. the climate change is upsetting the pads with on the, on the, on the for she clearly we had a shift of almost a month in the onset of spring on central europe, which means that many bird species start reading our like our co from short and they're migratory routes to return earlier, so we may even benefit by making several broods per year. is on the way of working for you all. the cuckoo, however, is a long distance migrant that winter's south of the equator. it can't reduce its migration right? because then it would end up in the mediterranean, or in this a heart was all along because of the earlier on such of spring,

along with the destruction of the habitats of the highest pads. cookie populations have declined. in england, for example, as numbers have dropped by 60 percent in the last 30 years. so many animal species, global warming means heat, drought, and a change of habitat. if the average global temperature rises by one degree vegetation site and shift about 200 kilometers towards the polls, or about 200 meters of puts in altitude, for instance in the out some species, but depends on certain conditions, comp key pump and are in danger of becoming extinct the same applies to species. the already live at the polls or very high altitudes. the ground tramped is unable to escape. if a stream dries out, who becomes to whom? estimates suggests 90 percent of it suitable have a talk to germany, could be lost by the end of this century. on so many native species of eco systems,

climate stress due to heat and drought is already a reality today. devastating wildfires hit again this summer and especially badly in canada and greece increasingly often the glazes seem to spiral out of control just not just due to dried out forest floors, but also fair in tree tops. research teams can tell from tree canopies how endangered the trees are weather in tropical rain forests, where europe's commercial timber lands climate change has arrived in gemini and its forest. but how exactly can you recognize this impact? it's a question biologist about in a z, as in his students. so working on answering the types of research,

tyler at the university of kaiser's lawson, for example. they're investigating how climate change shows up in the treetops. this interior in radio, 170 year old oak forest here and we're interested in the plant organisms and micro organisms. sunset can grow in the canopy of the tree, often boy and bucks the work takes them to the very top of the research. tell us that he's 6 meters above ground, wants that a scientists measure the health and activity of the most is in like in. so they've a fixed yet the more humid does, the how fear and more active they are. on the more active they are, the more of the greenhouse gas c o 2, they can absorb the wellbeing of the most as in like in salt pet is representative of the house and so far as the ecosystem. the inputs in order for these organisms are interested in these organisms because they are very

sensitive, very sensitive to changes in climate and so not to allow. this allows us to detect con medic change in a very, very early loans. and so you could also call it an early warning system button system. this saturday, warning system may, doctors, most as in like kens, indicates that the dry and hot some is the respecting the quantity of the habitats . as well as already cause a serious problems for the x rays growing here. they become more susceptible to diseases and parasites. and then the archery at the university of kaiser slauson kind of vs and his students are investigating another aspect of climate change and the forest. to the focus is on which insects count the live on the trees. it matches because most insects a habits always and feed on assessment tree species. and if it's the she's when she disappeared used to climate change, the consequences would be far reaching amiga. and the

same were not so when some bicycle that we found in some simulations that is important. true species such as beach are missing to type set up to 30 or 40 percent of the insect species are lost. so that is definitely an indication that the change can be very dramatic. the abundance at amada site, such as scenario, would not only impact insects and trees species and dashed a level in 16 pressing at the point where plant eating insects the leaves. the 1st transfer of plans into the food chain takes place law. i look at your book on flooding in the novel condition of all the other organisms of the forest, including humans, depend heavily on an inch because without food welds. and without this transfer of materials here, so keep this, there is no longer a functioning eco assessed out kind of pull, so no production of food that cetera. to prevent this,

we must pass to protect by diversity and ensure that forest management is economically sensitive. been months and by screw fists, the suspicion, the po, for example, you find that there are certain trees issues that are particularly susceptible to climate change and couldn't. and then you could prioritize replacing the history as in the forest talking 54 ways you can, or you could just protect these trees. species in particular, through certain forestry measure 6 on districts, jewish pushing default. other protective methods include fostering next stage a mix species for us with drought resistant trees. species oh, trees should be left as long as possible as they promote 5 diversity. a wide range of 3 species is also important mode. i've asked to mix insight comp, networks less to set goals to species extinction.

trees are great absorbers of climate damage in carbon dioxide. but the world's pete lands are even more efficient and sucking up to c o. 2 than all its forests put together and touched or restored pete lands, make an important contribution to climate and species protection. and they can also protect against the flooding. this example is from the southern german states of the various landscape fuller full to the nickel. hi michelle. it's a positive one of the largest pete lens and stuff in germany. the area used to look like this, covered with ditches and the water levels to fairly low. it a huge peak struction area. probably right. some back us still remembers the time back when he was still a little boy. when we met the dakota with, if you look down there, the whole area was black and done when the wind blew will never clouds of dust and

everything was dark and black looked like scorch stars before it on the. so get some way more than 200 years ago, pete was caught by hunter to heat living rooms towards the end of the 19th century, it began to be extracted on an industrial scale. fastest fuel then from the 1950s, mainly for posting soil. those practices ended in 2005 and now the water is collected instead of drained something that helps the climate, wildlife and humans. landscape ecologist canadian has been working with people and since the 1980s she knows the home for the interventions come the repairs and the pete lens and then provide even more she and her husband examined the quality of the pizza oil hair and the case in those most intox p ends can retain enormous amounts of water and of that for one of nature's most efficient tools against flooding. it is 12 most each, pete,

most of the species holds $26.00 times its own way from rain. from this i can give you and says, i need a flock of an ox like a giant sponge. and you can, i'm it said we've managed to secure massive flood protection for nikolai. but either way restoration started in 2005. and since then, we haven't had any more flooding application, go towards nature. as of a section is pete lenses. we not true lies that the beginning of this year, the drainage that just for the former peak cutting was filled in about 30 feet. dams not prevent water from flowing out yet slow for one, and then until media that will be few of the berry bushes that still dominate here for you. various dimensions. only 2 months old. so it's very new and switched to see that look much more challenging in the long run. and after

a few years you wouldn't see anything anymore. you'll have to look for it then it's done. so hopefully pete lens make a major contribution to climate protection because drain payments are not totally unable to store water. oxygen also gets to the pete that causes mineralization which releases climate damage and gas is like c o 2. and in some cases, even nitrous oxide, which is even more harmful 6 percent of greenhouse gas emissions and the battery i come from drain to pete lens includes a piece of motor every year. our little bit of heat land can store carbon dioxide produced 518000 cars. it's almost about 1100 hector as have been re naturalized. and once they're covered in piedmont, has again, we'll have a real carbon saying here we took 65 over 220000 tech tests of pete lyndon bavaria or larry and just 5 percent investors in time. and that's still a lot of potential to protect the climate and prevent flooding.

why and now over to you, do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. or if we answer it on the air, we'll give you a little surprise. is it? thank you. this week's question comes from roughly on new jazz from finland. the why do originally occur at the expos and what makes them so colorful the risk and take different phones, whether they come dropped behaving cuttings in the sky. old right elongated fans. that depends how tub and things are in the atmosphere and magnetic field. the. the auroras to northern and

southern lights created by the interaction of electrically charged particles from the sun with the smoking ethics field. so deposit goes hit the magnetic field at 500 to 800 kilometers per 2nd. this directs the particles around the s many and don't fit the poles. it's only that the side of the policy closed can hit the layers of the atmosphere. the actions get charged electrically and met tonight. the overall reason mostly seen near the magnetic poles of the us that are specially common in alaska, finland, and new way know about the colors. green, nitrous produced by oxygen athens that's now that you did around a 100 kilometers. red light is generated by oxygen and even high and

a is that the atmosphere design is auroras', come from nitrogen, athens. the 3rd deposit goes, have to be very fast to make them play foss. amazing lights can also be seen from space and asked by the way, it's not the only planet that has a boris shuttle space at escapes after spectacle and g to, to choose on the largest punish, and also an assistant auroras' shining, ultra violet, an x ray lights which are rise cannot see the, the, the humble, even detected, ultra violet tours on sutton. they shine particularly vitally at sutton's north pole. shortly before midnight on it, on the but saw from this

addition of tomorrow today dw science show. thanks for watching and see you next time. the

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