for securing their visas a few hours before arriving in india. and that's all the news for now, coming up next, that documentary series dell film looks at the legacy of the age of enlightenment 300 years ago. that's coming up. after a short break from me and the team here in building, thanks for watching and stay with us. if you can, the purchases of stereotypes to shape the west, the south africa adults to make a nice, we've come to these creative together. they exclude the contradictory nature of these euro centric attitude. and how these beliefs can be changed. stop filming offices, it starts october 21st. unplugged w my

name is and i'm in a scene, and i'm a philosopher. you can feel it everywhere. the vacuum created by society's greatest unanswered questions. how do we stop global warming? how can the world's growing population live together in peace? how do we behave responsibly in the digital age and control technologies that give us called like abilities? i ask myself, who they are is the responsibility for our future? is it states big corporations? are we individually responsible to find answers? i'm going on a voyage of discovery along for the ride. manuel conte great thinker on the subject of responsibility. certainly ahead of his time, we just can't have to tell us in the 21st century the

over 3 centuries ago, the age of enlightenment began, bringing with progress, reason and human rights. today, these achievements are at risk teenage in new enlightenment, the 21st century. the for me, home is more than just a place. it's about shared values to i left the city of my birth, vienna edit, early age. as a university student, i went to paris and to london, new york and l. a. for work. today i live in zurich with my family. that's partly why i became a philosopher to question these values. and as a father, now more than ever. what i do now also affects a world far away from my own. the world of my so on that is future considering all

this, how can i take responsibility and to act morally that woman by the, by the most the best of almost 250 years ago. a philosopher asked the same question too, and expect 1794 for 45 am. it is time 7 now assess to his mazda, always at the same time each day, using the same words. then at 5 o'clock shop, 2 cups of tea in his daily routine, a creature of habit, in spirit, a revolutionary and enlightened with sink upon him on with the consulate, the inspiration behind the un charger, the gentleman constitution, and b. u, the son of a honda snake, a count was born in 1724. his this site was as enlightenment shows as the way out

about self include in maturity, we can think for ourselves follow reason and act wisely. the what conte enlightenment, thinkers of the 18th century didn't foresee. this exit from a maturity, had unexpected consequences. it made humans the conquerors of nature. the climate change can be viewed as the natural conclusion of the intense taking a logical and scientific exploitation of the will. which itself was a part of the vision. the dim light had for humanity, the expectation of the natural world making nature into something to be known and exploited. for the sake of human seems complex and well

the still, the question is not just about who bears responsibility for that, which we've already done, but also for our future, the, for the window stuff possible. so the stone position doesn't seem us because it's timelines of a possible and we leave now. we live in a trap of the present day. everything that will happen in the short term seems to be much more important than the long term. so the constitutional court ruling said, it's nice to set long term goals, but if you don't act now, it will be disproportionately difficult for further generations on to achieve those goals. it needs to be clear of who the responsible ones, all over a long time period. our world today seems to need institutions to wrap our knuckles and make it clear. you can't simply pass the

responsibility on to future generations. according to con, it didn't have to come to this in the 18th century, much of the world was ruled by kings and improves the derive their power until 30 from god. those who rebuild against the faith had to contain the design then come to destroy soul with the single revolutionary ideas. it is not god, he to live his judgment for greece. and that is the ability to recognize universally valid principles and an act in accordance with the most as of reason make their own laws to live by humans. a creation by nature to be mature, to reason with free, yet responsible for all actions. the human zurich, the company that make sits money by assuming responsibility for others,

is with re one of the world's largest re insurers. they insure the insurance companies for things that are too risky. like damage caused by terrorist attacks or natural disasters. it's a business that rarely makes headlines. get wheels great power, whole sectors of the economy depend on it. what i find fascinating is that re, insurers act like a barometer for the planet future. the world is changing. and when i think sustainability climate change is going to be, as example um, we need to understand how or trying to understand how the world is changing. what that means for risk. and the connection was re, insurance, is that we must fulfill that role of, of taking people's risk and covering them in case of extreme events. what are the main risks going to be for people and companies in 10203050100 years?

is it tomorrow? uh, incentive to or an ethical incentive to say like a, we work with certain companies and we don't work with other companies, or is it a strictly economic one? it's price. we fundamentally believe that if we don't apply sustainability principles throughout business that we will not be financially viable. the model of your is, um, i'll give you an example. we'll take a topic like so we'll call waste and speaking about climate change and, and exclude certain things from a business. and we, we do that with the full knowledge that uh, we sacrifice probably some, some premium, some money. when roughly, would you say that this, this shift start is a critical trigger. moment in time was 2015, but the parents agreement and that so in most countries signed up to, to commit to buy. i buy 2050. so there's low calvin world,

and we committed at the same time to do this. and there's really a wave of more or more insurers and ranchers that are sticking away from covering several coal. for example. one of the things that um, very much discussed in morris, who lost a fee, but also in political theories with a way to just change that is necessary that needs needs to occur in terms of uh, which we got. so climate change, but also other topics, whether it's even doable within this equipment, make system that is so much like focused on growth. what are the chances and what are the reasons to believe that this, this well will still be in trouble in the future and, and if it's doable within this economic system, i agree in this current system, the world is not behaving or acting sustainably with the future and mind, lee, i would say we need to uh, we need to revisit how we, how we measure success. this is my personal opinion and, and is gd,

pays as one measure of success appropriate is gross without limits. realistic as a biologist, i would say it isn't the so it's no longer just a question of whether it's morally right to do something about climate change. it's also a purely rational economic issue. then why do we find it so difficult to change our behavior? we don't want to change our lives that i think the most important issue is we're still trying to seek solutions from a place of convenience instead of conviction. the professor con, wouldn't let us get away with that. he'd give us

a stern look and quiz us about the categorical imperative. guidelines for proper conduct acts only according to that maximum by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. a complicated sentence with an incredible reasoning behind. people have very preferences and interests. so can they be judged using a uniform model stand? it comp says they can think, looks like this before you actually consider 1st what you want. there's no way to require it every one to behave this way. take time, a change, for example, flying on holidays 3 times a year. sounds nice. but what i also want it to become lower, that everyone must admit this much c o 2. that makes sense, which is why the categorical imperative clearly states. it would be a model for us to act this way. is

the for conte, the matter was clear, but the world of the 18th century was also a much more static dynamic process as like climate change, which in a matter of years can make places unlivable for centuries, were unknown back then. so what would constitute today? protest would credit to one bank, right? petitions to the un or found a tech started? well, i'm not against technology. what i'm against is believing technology is the silver bullet solution. you have to look at the philosophy of science. we have to question who owns technology, who controls it and to what use it is. the here in the unassuming foothills of the outs suisse,

inventors have built the equivalent of a huge vacuum cleaner to capture c o. 2 energy generated and a waste incineration plant, drives the fans which help filter carbon dioxide out of the air. the c o 2 can be stored under ground among the celtic rocks where it turns to stone or use in a greenhouse to make plants grow faster. sounds almost too good to be true. how big it to you as well? there are 2 main ways to filter c o 2 from yeah, in by planting trees and direct the capture by comparing them now with the land area currently available to forest. we, the 3 products were to me climate target. we just on half that with this, we're about $400.00 times more efficient. that's why we've opted for the solution and risk testing. dave, how many of these would we really need to make an impact on our climate problem? no problem this. yeah, that's what happened as or on, on, on uh, actually using current technology, or he probably need about

a 1000000 units of this size. unless that's roughly the number of containers that passed through shanghai. hot button 2 and a half weeks of pain on the inside. i bought some so technically an infrastructure wise is what gets doable for the in, for support says must box. and given me that you found us, that's how do you deal with the risk that what you're doing could give some industries carte blanche to keep producing c o 2. and you don't find me knowing that they can just remove it later, pulled it see and offer me the offer that they would see. and i just have 2 answers for that. one is that it is, i'm gonna probably always be more costly to get c o 2 houses. yeah. but not to admit it in the 1st place in some sexes such as ada shouldn't simply not possible to for any movie. so we absolutely need something like that is about one to 3 months. so to meet the climate target, we know both by you this and if i get the one question keeps cropping up and worrying me is back conscious discipline. who can afford this. me see this also me what about the non industrialized countries as seen in the north and so the, those were the victims of this climate change caused by industrialized nations. so

it was asking team of honors to mine. and so the powers agreement, specifically mandates of the industrialized nations should lead to why? because they have the highest level of emissions per capita and historically, to store. so we must be the one that to pay the price the time me, i'm on my way to the us, the heartland of modern capitalism, and perhaps the country with the greatest faith and technology and progress. my 1st stop, new york city, the, the headquarters of the united nations can be found here. the organization of international cooperation. their problem, it can be seen in the paras agreement itself. ready the organization can't get the

ball rolling and force the issue. according to con, international cooperation only works it all parties are equal and already act morally on their own accord. exactly a 150 years before the founding is the you in con, to published his philosophical sketch, perpetual peace. in 1795 in europe. how old was raging every way. at the end of the 18th century, french revolutionaries force against the allied mona seas, austria, prussia, bruce and spain and the netherlands. in this grim setting, comp, sketches, institution for world peace on board for a populace that incorporates all people into costs. i'm a product and legal order then as it would be today, utopia which laid the foundation for martin international and the you in china. so

the aisle, iowa molly is an ide, jerry and lawyer, poet and recipient of the u. s. peace messenger award. she follows an african philosophy of how we humans can live together in harmony. something that has quite a bit in common with con wow. the, i want to learn more. so i have arranged a video call with her from new york. hi, how are you? good to good to see you. can you hear me? hi, i'm a wonderful, you know i, i just checked because it's one of my favorites quotes concept out of the crooked team. though a few, many tea. no straight thing was ever made. you know,

because he was, he wasn't the way um, very optimistic about. the reason that's very pessimistic with regards to how he felt about humanity. you think it's just that we are simply not capable of acting responsible towards us. yeah, so it comes with this issue of 2 reasons because that's, that's what makes us very unique. yeah, well, let me ask you mind top unit by russian. i do just want to know that whether we should be responsible to one another i respect you might need to because we don't understand that. but i forgot if i wasn't the find them in, in south africa last year when i was talking and i told them that way you're able to wayne, we'll talk about what it means that you are as important as i am. so i'm not thinking of myself alone. i covey alone collaborates because we know we have connected is that into connectivity?

that's for the who does what, what do you mean the, the good? yes, you're talking like means technologies, science,

age of reasoning, mental pre dom and all that. that's a good side of and they to minutes. what about the downside? the like minutes of to days should be in to it should be brother who should been know. it should be concerned non violence. that's why i said, i pointed out myself. and let me see because we're fixing on violence because what's the aisle now? you're not emotionally emphasizes an aspect underestimated by those of the enlightenment. the role of emotions, empathy, and equality. we know today is that people without emotions, for example, people who is venturing medial cortex has been injured by an accident and therefore, who is emotional brain so to speak,

has been injured. we know that these people cannot really make rational decisions, showing that in fact, emotion and reason need to be really closely integrated for us to make a rational decision. the emotions have also played a major role in my life decisions. they drove me to leave my birth place vienna just set off in search of new experience this time. and again, this time they're taking me to l. a. the american dream for told in the us as the declaration of independence, as the unalienable right to the pursuit of happiness, sounds innocent enough, but it was something of a blueprint for motoring us capitalism. because the pursuit of happiness is 1st and

foremost about the individual. not the common good some succeed while others fall by the wayside is not just the price of innovation and progress. conte wouldn't of like that at all. all the bay area home to silicon valley, cradle of the digital revolution. unfortunately, big tech companies here aren't so interested in conte, in regards to their practices and the common good. it's all about growth, profit, and power. without regards to others, that's a feeling how it can lead to people limiting the possibilities of others to deliberately

keep those moving. and on that you can also do that to make them as a pendant to a certain degree english cut reader, rama swami came to the us from india to work as a computer programmer. here he made one of the world's most profitable big tech friends, even richer. he spent 15 years at google, eventually becoming the senior vice president of advertising and commerce department, which today generates more than $200000000000.00 a year in revenue. then he quit and founded me, but a new search engine. why? with this, you have a particular office. i have a spot. so this is my, this is my desk. i of course have to take a picture of the books to read the right. i read a lot, i'm a sign of the streets, no final thoughts symbol is no part of the vitamin government. and he was a part of the reason big changes to anti trust that the vitamin administration

announced is the columbia professor with definiteness and talk about it, how groups work together. how do you motivate people? that's also one of their huge topic. we're off to 3 doors, favorite valley. get away from doing some sight, seeing along the way going to take the next day except this is we will land by the way. um, pretty much all of these buildings that are on here on the uh uh, you know, on our list or real soon beyond our leased by google. so this is apple parkway. it is a, it is a giant circle on facebook is in front of us. this has been facebook headquarters for the longest time. they used to be in paulo alto before they moved here. i think more than 10 years ago, which one is mark so i can fix car. i wish i knew. so i mean, working at google and building up the most profitable departments you,

i'm sure your end well, so how come said at one point you felt like a unsatisfied or critical about the company for much of the time? certainly the 1st 10 years, i was as much hungry about cold for the company. for myself, let's face it as everybody else. once i started move up because i wanted there to be a direct association between you as a customer and what the product that we don't do as we don't do affiliated links. and we don't sell the data, move on to our customers, to pay for our product. the more people realize that what is free is not really free. they are indeed the product. the more i think people will be dirty. it's just a personal dimension. but there's also call it a political one. the silicon valley for the most part, does not give them the any, any history, you know, they didn't learn the lessons of oppression data and learn that there were actually

people with bad intent. they didn't learn the lessons of germany about how information can be used as a weapon. and so in combination with a world view that was like one's nice. but uh, you know, with also access to literally billions of people who is really these kinds of issues that made me question sort of what i was a part of. but that i wanted to continue being and mostly i left google because i wanted the reset button. and i wanted to read think how products could be created, the capitalist, and you believe that building invent thing, creating a better product, has the capacity of changing the market. in general, it is only if governments continue to do their job as the rest of the lot of data, respective areas, expecting companies to be responsible even especially then that

responsibility needs to happen after they hit a certain sites. i just don't think companies are capable of doing this, a company's done, spotted shareholders and it's employees with a vanishingly small number of people. the job of government is to create a playing field in which competition can price. even if that means breaking these companies off because they got too big, or either somebody about people worry about things like banking companies on i honestly do not understand why it's such a big deal. in fact, you know, breaking up a d n t lead to the modern mobile uh, you know, an internet deal. good things happen. i think we have created an environment, especially in the united states or the last 50 years. it'd be helpful, honestly believe that uncontrolled capitalism will solve problems. i think we have a more divided society, more wealth and equality than ever before the

so in light into the 21st century, it has to take into account 2 things. one is the power of capitalism. it's sinister ability to turn even good things and turn us of course into commodities. and secondly, unleashing of technological power that in various ways, has the power to harm us and harm the earth. the. ringback lots of things concept was. ringback one of the models was that one should dance a thing, so for human life meant was not a certain period of time, but it wasn't, it wasn't obligation to once present. would you say that the, the things you're doing or you, you're creating within this tradition,

off of indictment also in the sense of the optimism you have for the future? is i actually think that the silicon valley because of its short term memory in many ways, exemplifies stuff as we think. certainly, i think the best is ahead of me that is the optimistic side of silicon valley that innovation can make a difference that people can make a difference. and so i think from that perspective, i can totally relate to what you're saying about. com, for example, you know, we trust the, i really felt a sense of optimism but ultimately pushed the reset button. once again. after our interview, his company was swallowed up in the a,

i boom that followed. readers sold his company neva to a $5000000000.00 conglomerate and wrote, there is no longer a path towards creating a sustainable business and consumer search. the . i'm on my way to meet a journalist who has followed the emergence of tech giants from the start in critical articles for the washington post wall street journal and new york times. back when the bosses of tesla, facebook and youtube were still college kids. this is carol swisher, there's a reason silicon valley's tech building. there's are all a bit scared of her these days. she has their own pod cast to. hi everyone. this is pivot from new york magazine and the box media podcast network on care swisher. how do they care swisher believes in the positive potential of technological progress? this company, a lot of it does that mean she's carrying on the legacy of the enlightenment. ready

nice miniature, that's just chunk driving. so i guess one of the main topics, i wonder if your main interest and i mean the accountability. why since such an urgent issue, copies now with the with regards to, to take or take compass. right now, the people who are running these technologies are largely private companies, some of the richest people on the planet, in the history of the planet. and there's almost no accountability. they can't be fired, they can't, they can make whatever decision they want. and they're, they're what they make effects every body. and so it's critically important that we begin to make the links between what they're doing, the damage and the cause and accountability. we need to demand some the, some people say that the problem is that the social networks are polarizing us, the sets of all clearance and the evidence or

research organization was rising in america long before social networks were even invented. the others claimed that algorithms the content, the base assign. greenpeace is good for business, but that's not accurate. why do you think people, the, what they're doing? there's a very famous french philosopher. let me read you. it's kind of interesting. i just was french philosopher the yes advice is that your area of and it's my area of it's paul of really you when you invent the ship, you also invent the shipwreck. when you invent the plan, you also invent the plane crash. when you invent electricity invent electrocution every technology carries its own negativity, which is invented at the same time as tech, technical progress. well, they didn't forgot about the shipwrecked part. they need to understand the shipwrecked part. and unfortunately, the been a lot of shipwrecks, right? when you see um, tech companies developing from here, you're kind of figure out how to make this

a more equitable society. but more people have access to good information, or you're going to have to armor plate your tests. and if you tell these kind of things to take seals and the people that actually shape our youth impression that they because some of to me, you know, since since the case. yeah. right. um, do you think uh, do you have the impression that they base stop listening one of the things, one of the more interesting interviews i had with mark decker, we had this back and forth where and i said, um, what do you, what do you, how do you feel about what happened in my in mar with the people because you had such a shoddy system there. there was killings and i said, you know what? i think we got to put up our sleeves and fix the problem. and i was like, yeah, but like, how do we get here? well, yeah, but i say, i'm an engineer as i get in there as well. engineers do get in there and find out what they did wrong. he was like, well, you know, i just want to, you know, i just want to figure it out and move forward and we all need to work together. now go community when, when it's a problem and they're all for themselves when it's not so nice. so you know what, i don't mean to be rude up here, the arsonist. i want to know how you burned down the building. just tell me and then we can move on. and you mentioned several times a day speaking about,

i'm an engineer, i'm looking for solutions. there's a time for this that's called solution is that the 9th belief that the technology itself was solve it. right. whereas responsible position would, would always remind us with the historical examples it is always a control, political and source, as i mentioned on technology being concerned, the consequences. that's what adults do. i'm not going to drink this entire bottle and in because i would, might die. and it could hurt my children driving. this is what these people are like. they should be able to have drinking. and if you want to be able to drive the thing is just like it doesn't make any sense if you put it in to any other context . and that's my problem. it's all too easy for tech companies to shift responsibility onto their users. cara swisher acts like a moral guide,

who keeps reminding us that the powerful tech bosses must not be allowed to assure the responsibilities. technological progress can be a good thing. it all depends on what we make of it. and what it makes of us. because technologies can also cause crises and reinforce our most negative qualities. today, technological progress means the consequences of our actions can be even more far reaching the increasing our responsibility. with one click, a photo is uploaded to social media. it takes just a 2nd. and then just as fast, we've lost control of it forever or take science where crisper cas 9 is ushering in a gene editing revolution. it's inventors were awarded the nobel prize in 2020. these genetic scissors can alter dna to potentially cure cancer. more creat designer people. the 1st crisp or babies were born in china in 2018

at columbia university in new york. detroit actually conducts basic research on crisper test 9. awesome. so here it is. it's in this tiny both, so in flushes here. you can hold it to show my 1st name. that's it for this client is this basic line, is this a liquid at the bottom? is cas 9? that's 9. 1. this is made up of the 2 bars of that. so this is the enzyme that cuts the dna on the title is the guide. renee, the guide on this other part is the guide r n s 9 in the guide, or any leads the cas night enzyme to a very specific location and that you know, each one of these and sly. and then you take a little bit of each and mix them together and then you've also, since i'm in 5 minutes later and it's ready for injunctions, i need that i to the nic and see all of these. i don't want an injection, but i'd like to see why it's miguel are yeah, okay, great. let's do that as though it was,

it took mineral oil and then under the microscope goes across cool. most headphones need to explain this to me in my philosophers can only do code letter and then i can was see, let's do this. here is the x of the i'd say this is a nucleus. this is where the d n e is us. that's where we want to make, i got this, this is the injection of it goes into the x. so here for the injection is made homeless, it is not so easy to see. it all happens pretty quickly. smith, this is an eye condition despite so comp. it's actually not such a complicated process on the x direction, but i'd soon have 2nd procedure and hype 6, then it's sort of finds its way done. so synced us and things, and that has consequences for generations. does have constant transmitted by getting about 200. yeah, yes indeed, the, that time these are klein procedure can have consequences, the last generations with positive preventing diseases and a negative. if something unintentional, what happens when

a bus will take the machine the most viewed. what we're doing here is quite different. it's only done in a few places or we are modifying human embryos in mind. it's not really clear what the consequences will be. so guns, which of course means research question is, do you see it could also frog a now from this and you had seen it that was quite frontier. this, we're now confronted with a situation where it's used as galloping ahead. and basic research can't keep up with me. the fact contradicts our traditional understanding of science funding from vincent shop. so, so if everyone is out of their depth is present, and it's not so clear who was responsible for what defined for them and on the supplies. the room looking for shown is showing basic research is coming just about to late for fresh beth. it's partly because in general, very unless i search was being done on human, i'm for you, i'm mentioned, can embryo say it manufacturing enough to understand ourselves better. he and we

really need to do this kind of research, missing babies and force, or one of the think welcome this course important, great potential. it's more of the danger depending on how you look. got it as this kind of research. and this is that it's not about preventing diseases, sims on which simply optimizing individual embryos over others on the and this is the time. so it's not a competition among scientists about how best to prevent diseases and so forth. but rather how we can produce more productive, healthy or stronger, smarter children and adults in the 1st place that came down on the box, move up with a c a. naturally, this raises big questions that are ethically socially and politically explosive research crank of guns clar as is nice. of course, the input is not our goal to optimize, employ your drones. and he said, is this the most important reason, icy is that humanity, strength lies. and it's great diversity hold on, that's kind of course the genome police a very big role there with this highest, that means we could make it possible to improve human health without limiting human

diversity. using other means out of who in that is where the danger lie. effect the kind of the main chide. i mean here, i see a great opportunity on that and on van doing. but how can you tell the difference to give her a he is the kind of girl us, the discussion about where these boundaries are, hasn't really taken place. you on? must be on the she the same. what makes sent miss vickery shocked, the boss or the resources seem full to tune. and sometimes that can also mean understanding what's not allowed to do is ask for dogs and buses make it simple to to conte was also concerned with clarifying the limits of reason. today we can set things in motion, who's consequences, we can neither control nor reverse. everything from climate change to digitalization to genetic research. ready ready with repercussions for the whole world and future generations. today, acting responsibly must also mean acting cautiously. if we don't wish to endanger

our very future count wasn't afraid of the future. he also didn't see did the future. he some eyes is not a question of knowledge, a citizen action. we cannot predict it, but we can shape it. on february 12th, 18, amman will cons, died peacefully in his bed at home, and couldn't expect. where else converts last words was sent to be. it is good that's facing optimism was to him a kind of no obligation this is something i also take from conte. if you have a situation in which you have no idea how the future is going to go, it's really impossible to predict. give a moral obligation to hold on to the view that allows you to further the better. of course,

the for conte enlightenment was not a historical era that would, as it was a mission, each formulated the categorical imperative as a guideline for our actions for me and enlightenment of the 21st century means weighing the consequences of our actions more than ever before and just thinking about the future, all of us, not only individuals, but also as a society, share the responsibility to always think connect with others in mind. the

rug, the environment, trends, technology company is digitalization, stall, tops, new market, new media. the world is accelerating. sees the opportunity to try new things, take flights with d, w 's, business magazine, made in germany in 30 minutes on d. w,

and says the conflict. so i worry about the will of a west to continue to do what needs to don strong words. so my guess is, wait today says former deputy supreme commander in europe. i mentioned sure that there's a lingering feel that somehow we can go back to some sort of status program to russia. that is not going to happen to have a conflict in 19 minutes on dw, the one of main kinds, oldest ambitions could be within reach. what do you see? it really is possible to reverse the researchers and scientists all over the world for you know,

race against time. they are peers and rivals with one daring goals to help smart nature. the boy likes watching it on youtube. dw documentary, the, this is dw news, and these are our top stores. a us president biden says he's worried that certain world in congress could disrupt more time if you crime barton is planning to give a major speech on the issue and suggested then may be another means to find funding for keith is comments come a day off the republican kevin mccarthy was removed his house speak about hotline is and he's on potty 1000.