3 nobel peace prize has been awarded to a randy and pro democracy activist narc is mohammed the the norwegian nobel committee. honored is no holiday for quote or fight against the oppression of women in iran and reply to promote human rights and freedom for all on cherry, martin, thanks for watching the interest, the global economy, our portfolio dw business be here's a closer look at the project. to analyze the flight for market dominant, get a step with d. w. business beyond the

the, my name is on and i'm in a scene and i'm a philosopher. you can feel it everywhere. the vacuum created by society's greatest unanswered questions. how do we stop global warming? how can the world's growing population live together in peace? how do we behave responsibly in the digital age and control technologies that give us god like abilities? i ask myself, who bears the responsibility for our future? is it states big corporations? are we individually responsible to find answers? i'm going on a voyage of discovery along for the ride. manuel conte, great thinker on the subject of responsibility. certainly ahead of his time. what is con? have to tell us in the 21st century the

over 3 centuries ago, the age of enlightenment began, bringing with progress, reason and human rights. today, these achievements are at risk. so we need a new enlightenment for the 21st century. the for me, home is more than just a place. it's about shared values to i left the city of my birth, vienna edit, early age. as a university student, i went to paris, then to london, new york and l. a. for work. today i live in zurich with my family. that's partly why i became a philosopher to question these values. and as a father, now more than ever. what i do now also affects a world far away from my own. the world of my so on that is future considering all

this, how can i take responsibility and to act morally by the, by the, by to most the best of cables almost 250 years ago. a philosopher asked the same question to next book. 1794. for 45 am. it is time 70. i assessed his mazda, always at the same time each day using the same words. then at 5 o'clock shop, 2 cups of tea in his study routine, a creature of habit in spirit, a revolutionary and enlightenment sink upon. excellent. human will accounts with the inspiration behind the un charger, the gentleman constitution and b u. the son of a honda snake, a cont, was born in 1724. is this,

i was as enlightenment shows as the way out about self include in maturity, we can think for ourselves, follow reason and act wisely. the what conte enlightenment, thinkers of the 18th century didn't foresee. this exit from a maturity has unexpected consequences. it made humans the congress of nature climate change can be viewed as the natural conclusion of the intense taking a logical and scientific exploitation of the world. which itself was a part of the vision in life we had for humanity, the expectation of the natural world making nature into something to be known and exploited for the sake of human in comfort and well

the still, the question is not just about who bears responsibility for that which we've already done, but also for our future the for the window stuff, customs, the dish, the dish doesn't seem also because it's tied by the capacity we leave now. we live in a trap of the present day. everything that will happen in the short term seems to be much more important than the long term. so the constitutional court ruling said, it's nice to set long term goals, but if you don't at now, it will be disproportionately difficult for further generations on to achieve those goals. it needs to be clear of who the responsible ones all over a long good time period. our world today seems to need institutions to wrap our knuckles and make it clear. you can't simply pass the

responsibility on to future generations. according to con, it didn't have to come to this in the 18th century, much of the world was ruled by kings and improves the derive their power until 30 from god. those who rebelled against the faith had to contain the design, then come to destroy soul with a single revolutionary idea. it is not going to do this judgment for greece, and that is the ability to recognize universally valid principles and an act in accordance with the masters of reason, make their own laws to live by humans. a creation by nature to be mature, to reason with free, yet responsible for all actions the here in zurich, the company that may is its money by assuming responsibility for others is with re,

one of the world's largest re insurers. they insure the insurance companies for things that are too risky. like damage caused by terrorist attacks or natural disasters. it's a business that rarely makes headlights wields great power. all sectors of the economy depend on it. what i find fascinating is that re ensures act like a barometer for the planets future. we'll just changing and when i think sustainability climate change, as i know be as example um. we need to understand how or trying to understand how the world is changing. what that means for risk and the connection was re, insurance, is that we must fulfill that role of, of taking people's risk and covering them in case of extreme events. what are the main risks going to pay for people and companies in 10203050100 years?

is it tomorrow? uh, incentive to or an ethical incentive to say like, uh, we work with certain companies and we don't work with other companies. or is it a strictly economic one? it's price. we fundamentally believe that if we don't apply sustainability principles develop business that we will not be financially viable. the model of your is, um, i'll give you an example. we'll take a topic like so we'll call waste and speaking about climate change and, and exclude certain things from a business. and we, we do that with the full knowledge that uh, we sacrifice probably some, some premium, some money. when roughly, would you say that this, this shift start is a critical trigger. moment in time was 2015 with the paras agreement. and that's when most countries signed up to, to commit to. i buy 2050. this is low calvin world,

and we committed at the same time to do this. and there's really a wave of more or more ensures in rancho. so just stepping away from covering several coal for example. one of the things that um, very much discussed in more through lots of fee, but also in political theories with a way to just change that is necessary that needs needs to occur in terms of uh, with regards to climate change, but also at the topics whether it's even doable within this economic system that is so much like focused on growth. what are the chances and what are the reasons to believe that this, this well will still be in trouble in the future and, and if it's doable within this economy system, i agree in this current system, the world is not behaving or acting sustainably with the future in mind, lee, i would say we need to uh, we need to revisit how we, how we measure success. this is my personal opinion and, and,

and um is g d pays this one measure of success appropriate is gross without limits . realistic as a biologist, i would say it isn't the so it's no longer just a question of whether it's morally right to do something about climate change. it's also a purely rational economic issue. then why do we find it so difficult to change our behavior? we don't want to change our lives that i think the most important issue is we're still trying to seek solutions from a place of convenience. instead of conviction. the professor con, wouldn't let us get away with that. he'd give us

a stern look and quizzes about the categorical imperative. his guidelines for proper conduct acts only according to that maximum by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal, a complicated sentence, with an incredible reasoning behind it. people have very preferences and interests . so can they be judged using a uniform model stand it comp, since they can, it looks like this before you actually consider 1st, would you go through the war to require every one to behave this way? take time, a change, for example, flying on holidays 3 times a year. sounds nice. but what i also wanted to become low that everyone must admit this much c o 2. that makes sense, which is why the categorical imperative clearly states. it would be a model for us to act this way. is

the for conte, the matter was clear, but the world of the 18th century was also a much more static dynamic process as like climate change, which in a matter of years can make places unlivable for centuries, were unknown back then. so what would constitute today? protest with grid of $200.00 right petitions to the un or found a tech started. well, i'm not against technology. what i'm against is believing technology is the silver bullet solution. you have to look at the philosophy of science. we have to question who owns technology, who controls it and to what use it is. the here in the unassuming foothills of the alps,

sweets inventors have built the equivalent of a huge vacuum cleaner to capture c o. 2 energy generated at a waste incineration plant drives the fans which help filter carbon dioxide out of the air. the c o 2 can then be stored under ground among the celtic rocks, where it turns to stone. or use in a greenhouse to make plants grow faster. sounds almost too good to be true. how big it to you as well? there are 2 main ways to filter c o 2 from yeah. accounting trees and direct the capture by comparing them now with the land area currently available to forest, nevada, we'd need 3 planets, one to make time it target. we just on half that with this, we're about $400.00 times more efficient. that's why we voted for the solution and resisting how many of these would we really need to make an impact on our climate problem? the problem this, yeah, that's what happened as or on, on, on the activities in current technology or he probably need about

a 1000000 units of this size unless that's roughly the number of containers, the cost through shanghai, honda in 2 and a half weeks of pain on the inside i bought some so technically an infrastructure weisner, so it's doable for me to impress the police as my spot. given me take a file on the says, how do you deal with the risk that what you're doing could give some industries carte blanche to keep producing c o 2. and you don't find me knowing that they can just remove it later for the see. and also me the offer that able to see and i have 2 answers for that. one is that it is i'm gonna probably always be more costly to get c o 2 houses. yeah. but not to admit it in the 1st place in some sectors such as ada shouldn't simply not possible to for any movie. so we absolutely need something like this album came up so to me to climate target. we know both by you this and if i get the one question keeps cropping up and worrying me is back kansas display. who can afford this? me see this awesome. what about the non industrialized countries seen in the northwest? so the, those were the victims of this climate change caused by industrialized nations. so

was thinking of on this to mine. and so the powers agreement specifically mandates that the industrialized nations should lead to why? because they have the highest level of emissions per capita. and historically, to store, so we must be the one that's to pay the price for the time me, i'm on my way to the us, the heartland of modern capitalism. and perhaps the country with the greatest faith in technology and progress. my 1st stop, new york city, the, the headquarters of the united nations can be found here. the organization of international cooperation. their problem can be seen in the paras agreement itself

. the organization can't get the ball rolling and force the issue. according to con, international cooperation only works it all parties are equal and already act morally on their own accord. exactly a 150 years before the founding. if the u. n. count published his philosophical sketch, perpetual peace in 1795 in europe. how old was raging every way at the end of the 18th century french revolution. res force against the allied mona seas, austria, prussia, bruce and spain and the netherlands. in this green setting, comp sketches, institution for world peace on board for public that incorporates old people in the cost of the product legal order. then as it would be today, utopia which laid the foundation for martin international and d u in china. so the

iowa, iowa molly as an agirri and lawyer, poet and recipient of the u, ends piece messenger award. she follows an african philosophy of how we humans can live together in harmony. something that has quite a bit in common with con wow . the i want to learn more, so i have arranged a video call with her from new york. hi, how are you? good to good to see you. can you hear me? hi, i'm a wonderful, you know, i, i just checked because it's one of my favorite quotes cancel out of the crooked timber of humanity. no stray thing was ever made. you know, because he was,

he wasn't the way um, very optimistic about reason, but very pessimistic with regards to how he felt about humanity. you think it's just that we are simply not capable of acting responsible towards us. yeah. so it comes was itching or to reason because that's, that's what makes us very unique. yeah, well, let me ask, do you mind talking to me by phone? russian. i do just want to know that she will she be responsible to one another. i respect my needs because we don't understand that, but i forgot if i wasn't gonna find them in, in south africa last year when i was talking and i told them that way you're able to, and wayne, we'll talk about what it means that you are as important as i am, so i'm not thinking of myself alone. i covey alone collaborates because we know we have connected is that into clinic, to meet,

that's for the who does what. what do you mean the, the good. yes you talk of in like means technologies, science,

age of reasoning, mental pre dom and all that. that's a good set of and measurements. what about the downside? the like minutes of to days should be in to it should be brother who should been know. it should be concerned non violence. that's why i said, i consider myself. and let me see because we're fixing on violence because what's the, i don't know, you're not a molly emphasizes an aspect underestimated by those of the enlightenment. the role of emotions, empathy, and equality. we know today is that people without emotions, for example, people who is venturing medial cortex has been injured by an accident and therefore, who is emotional brain so to speak,

has been injured. we know that these people cannot really make rational decisions, showing that infected motion and reason need to be really closely integrated for us to make a rational decision. the emotions have also played a major role in my life decisions. they drove me to leave my birth place to be in a to set off in search of new experiences time. and again, this time, they're taking me to the american dream for told in the us as the declaration of independence, as the unalienable right to the pursuit of happiness. sounds innocent enough, but it was something of a blueprint for modern us capitalism. because the pursuit of happiness is 1st and

foremost about the individual. not the common good some succeed while others fall by the wayside is not just the price of innovation and progress. conte wouldn't of like that at all. all the bay area home to silicon valley, cradle of the digital revolution. unfortunately, big tech companies here aren't so interested in conte, in regards to their practices and the common good. it's all about growth, profit, and power. without regards to others, that's a field and how it can lead to people, limitations the possibilities of others to deliberately keep those moving. and on

that you can also do that to make them independent to a certain degree english cut reader, rama swami came to the us from india to work as a computer programmer. here he made one of the world's most profitable big tech firms, even richer. he spent 15 years at google, eventually becoming the senior vice president of advertising and commerce. a department which today generates more than $200000000000.00 a year in revenue. then he quit and found it in need of a new search engine. why with this you have a particular office. i have a spot. so this is my, this is my desk. i of course have to take a picture of the books to read the right. i read a lot. i'm a fine of history. yeah, no final thoughts and will is no part of the bite and government and he was a part of the reason big changes to anti trust that the vitamin ministration

announced is the columbia professor with definiteness and talk about how groups work together. how do you motivate people? that's also one of their huge topic. we're off to 3 darts, favorite valley, get away from doing some sight, seeing along the way, going to take the next takes it. this is google line by the way, um, pretty much all of these buildings out on here on uh uh, you know, on our list real soon beyond our leased by google. so this is apple parkway. it is a, it is a giant circle. a facebook is in front of us. this has been facebook headquarters for the longest time. they used to be in paulo alto before they moved here. i think more than 10 years ago, which one is mark of x. com? i wish i knew. so i mean, working at google and building up the most profitable departments you,

i'm sure your end well, so how come said at one point you felt like a, i'm satisfied or critical about the company for much of the time? certainly the 1st 10 years, i was as much as hungry about cold for the company. for myself, let's face it as everybody else. once i started name up because i wanted there to be a direct association between you as a customer and what the product that we don't do as we don't do affiliate links. and we don't sell the data, move on to our customers to pay for our product. the more people realize that what is free is not really free. they are indeed the product. the more i think people would be dirty. it's just a personal dimension. but there's also call it a political one. the silicon valley for the most part, does not give them the any, any history, you know, they didn't learn the lessons of oppression data and learned that there were

actually people with bad intent. they didn't learn the lessons of germany about how information can be used as a weapon. and so in combination with a world view that was like one's nice. but uh, you know, with also access to literally billions of people's was really these kinds of issues that made me question sort of what i was a part of. but i wanted to continue being and mostly i left google because i wonder the reset button. and i wanted to re think how products could be created the capitalist, and you believe that building invent thing, creating a better product, has the capacity of changing the market. in general, it is only if governments continue to do their job as they're actually flooded their respective areas, expecting companies to be responsible even especially then that

responsibility needs to happen after they hit a certain sites. i just don't think companies are capable of doing this. a company's done spotted shareholders and it's employees with a vanishingly small number of people. the job of government is to create a playing field in which competition can price. even if that means breaking these companies off because they got too big. or these, the people worry about things like banking companies off. i honestly do not understand why it's such a big deal. in fact, you know, breaking up a d n t lead to the modern mobile. uh, you know, an internet deal. good things happen. i think we have created an environment, especially in the united states or the last 50 years. it'd be helpful, honestly believe that uncontrolled capitalism will solve problems. i think we have a more divided society, more about any quality than ever before. the

so in life going to the 21st century has to take into account 2 things. one is the power of capitalism. it's sinister ability to turn even good things and turn us of course, into commodities, and secondly, unleashing of technological power that in various ways, has the power to harm us and harm the earth. in lots of things, come sans was one of the mottos. i was to make one should dance a thing, so for him in life man was not a certain period of time, but he wasn't, he wasn't obligation to once present. would you say that the, the things you're doing or you, you're creating within this tradition off of environment also in the sense of the

optimism you have for the future is i actually think that the silicon valley, because of its shark memory in many ways exemplifies stuff or we think certainly i think the best is ahead of me that is the optimistic side of silicon valley that innovation can make a difference that people can make a difference. and so i think from that perspective, i can totally relate to what you were saying about. for example, you know, the, i really felt a sense of optimism, but ultimately pushed the reset button. once again. after our interview, his company was swallowed up in the

a i boom that followed. the reader sold his company neva to a $5000000000.00 conglomerate and wrote, there is no longer a path towards creating a sustainable business and consumer search. the . i'm on my way to meet a journalist who has followed the emergence of tech giants from the start in critical articles for the washington post wall street journal and new york times. back when the bosses of tesla, facebook and youtube were still college kids. this is kara swisher, there's a reason silicon valley's tech building there as are all a bit scared of her these days. she has their own pod cast to. hi everyone. this is pivot from new york magazine and the box media podcast network on care swisher. how did they know tara swisher believes in the positive potential of technological progress about this company? a lot of that does that mean she's carrying on the legacy of the enlightenment? ready nice miniature,

that's just chunk driving. so i guess one of the main topics of one of your main interests, namely accountability. why since such an urgent issue, copies now with uh, with regards to tank or tech companies. right now, the people who are running these technologies are largely private companies, some of the richest people on the planet, in the history of the planet. and there's almost no account ability. they can't be fired, they can't, they can make whatever decision they want. and they're, they're what they make effects every body. and so it's critically important that we begin to make the links between what they're doing, the damage and the cause and the accountability we need to demand from the some people say that the problem is that the social networks are polarizing us, the but that's the role clears from the evidence or

research polarization was rising in america long before social networks were even invented. the others claim that algorithms, the content that makes assigned readings looks good for business, but that's not accurate. why do you think people what they're doing? and there's a very famous french philosopher, let me read you. it's kind of interesting, i just was french for those are for the yes by you that your area of and it's my area of it's paul of really you know, when you invent the ship, you also invent the ship wreck when you invent the play and you also invent the plane crash, one who invented like tricity invent electrocution every technology carries its own negativity, which is invented at the same time as tech, technical progress. well, they didn't forgot about the shipwrecked part. they need to understand the shipwreck part. and unfortunately, the been a lot of shipwrecks, right? when you see um, tech companies developing from here, you're kind of figure out how to make this

a more equitable society or more people have access to good information. or you're going to have to armor plate your tests. and if you tell these kind of things to take seals and the people that actually shape our youth impression that they because some of to me, you know, since since the case. yeah. right. um, do you think uh, do you have the impression that they base stop listening one of the things, one of the more interesting interviews i had with marker, we have this back and forth where and i said, what do you, what do you, how do you feel about what happened in my in mar, with the people because you had such a shoddy system there. there was killings and he said, you know what? i think we've got to put up our sleeves and fix the problem. and i was like, yeah, but like, how do we get here? well, yeah, but i say, i'm an engineer as i get in there as well. engineers do get in there and find out what they did wrong. he was like, well, you know, i just wanted, you know, i just want to figure it out and move forward and we all need to work together. now go community when, when it's a problem and they're all for themselves when it's not. and i think you know what, i don't mean to be rude. if you're the arsonist, i want to know how you burned down the building. just tell me and then we can move

on. and you mentioned several times that he is speaking about. i'm an engineer, i'm looking for solutions. there's a time for this that's called solution is that the 9th believe that the technology itself will solve it, right? whereas responsible position would, would always remind us with the historical examples. it is always a cultural, political source, as i mentioned, of technology being concerned with the consequences. that's what adults do. i'm not going to drink this entire bottle and in because i might die and it could hurt my children driving. this is what these people are like. they should be able to have drink. and if you want to be able to drive as you want is just like it doesn't make any sense if you put it into any other context. and that's my problem. the, it's all too easy for tech companies to shift responsibility onto their users. cara swisher acts like a moral guide. who keeps reminding us that the powerful tech bosses must not be

allowed to shirk the responsibilities. technological progress can be a good thing. it all depends on what we make of it. and it makes the bud because technologies can also cause crises and reinforce or most negative qualities. today, technological progress means the consequences of our actions can be even more far reaching. the increasing our responsibility. with one click, a photo is uploaded to social media. it takes just a 2nd. and then just as fast, we've lost control of it forever. or take science where christopher cast 9 is ushering in a gene editing revolution. it's inventors were awarded the nobel prize of 2020. these genetics scissors can alter dna to potentially cure cancer. more creat designer people. the 1st crisp or babies were born at china in 2018

at columbia university in new york. detroit actually conducts basic research on chris protest. 9. awesome. so here it is, is in this tiny ball. so in flushing here, you can hold it to show me the name. that's it. this client is, this is a client, is this, the liquid at the bottom is cast 9. that's 9 on this and it's made up of 2 times. i've got it. so this is the enzyme that cuts the dna on the top is the guide r n a. the guy down in this other part is the guy u r n s 9 in the guide, or any loops the cas night enzyme to a very specific location in the t from these and spy. and then you take a little bit of each and mix them together, and then you've also summon here 5 minutes later and just ready for injunctions. i mean that i to the, in the ceiling, which i don't want and injection. but i'd like to see why it's me again the height . yeah. okay, great. let's do that as though it goes to mineral oil. and then under the

microscope, good across. cool. the most of the phone doesn't need to explain this to me. in my philosopher, i can only do code letter and then actually on, let's just say let's do this. here is the x is the, i'd say this is a nucleus. this is where the d n e is us. that's where we want to make our account, because if this is the injection of, it goes into the x. so here what the injection is made, how much that is not so easy to say. it all happens pretty quickly. smith. this is an eye condition despite so comp, it's actually not such a complicated process. the extraction for the 2 and a half 2nd procedure and hype 6 and it's sort of finds its way done. so text us and things, and that has consequences for generations. us have constant trans, we back in about 200. yes indeed. do that time, these are klein procedure can have consequences, the last generations with positive preventing diseases and negative. if something unintentional, what happens when the bus will take the machine?

the must be a while. you're doing here is quite different and only done in a few places or not. we are modifying human embryos in mind. it's not really clear what the consequences will be. so guns which of course means raises. huge question is, do you see it goes to frog? and now from this and you had said that this conform theaters were now confronted with a situation where it's uses galloping ahead and basic research can't keep up with me. the fact contradicts our traditional understanding of science on one of these and shop sites of everyone is out of their deputies present. and it's not so clear who is responsible for what to find for them and on the supplies. even on looking for strong, it's showing basic research is coming just about to late for freshly painted. partly because in general, very low sized search was being done on human embry. i'm mentioned, can embryo saved manufacturing enough to understand ourselves better?

he and we really need to do this kind of research, recent babies enforcement, one bidding, welcome this close report and saw great potential. it's more of the danger, depending on how you look added as this kind of research in itself is that it's not about preventing diseases and so on. but simply optimizing individual embryos over others on the and this is exciting, so it's not a competition among scientists about how best to prevent diseases. but rather how we can produce more productive, healthy or stronger smarter children and adults in the 1st place that came down on the box. and they've put see of naturally this raises big questions that are ethically socially and politically explosive research spring cough guns clar is, is nice. of course the, it is not our goal to optimize and we're drone. denisa is, is the most important reason. ice sees that humanity strength lies and it's great diverse to 12 on the desk. and of course the genome police a very big role there with this highest, that means we could make it possible to improve human health without limiting human

diversity. using other means, who in that is where the danger lie effect the kind of the main type. i mean here i see a great opportunity to turn that in on vend only. but how can you tell the trying to get hard? here's the kind of gross, the discussion about where these boundaries are, hasn't really taken place. you on, must be all the see the same hope make sense, ms. vickery stuck the boss, or the risk of seeing fault to tune. and sometimes that can also mean understanding wanting to know how to do actually diagnoses, make it simple to, to con was also concerned with clarifying the limits of reason. today, we can set things in motion whose consequences we can neither control nor reverse. everything from climate change to digitalization to genetic research. ready ready with repercussions for the whole world and future generations. today, acting responsibly must also mean acting cautiously. if we don't wish to endanger

our very future count wasn't afraid of the future. he also didn't see death. the future he surmised, is not a question of knowledge, a citizen action. we cannot predict it, but we can shape it. on february 12th, 18. amman will cons, died peacefully in his bed at home in 2 weeks, but where else counts last words was sent to be it is good that's facing optimism was to him a kind of no obligation. this is something i also take from conte. if you have a situation in which you have no idea how the future is going to go, it's really impossible to predict give a moral obligation to hold on to the view that allows you to further the better. of course,

the for conte enlightenment was not a historical era that would, as it was a mission, formulate at the categorical imperative as a guideline for our actions for me and enlightenment of the 21st century means weighing the consequences of our actions more than ever before and just thinking about the future, all of us, not only individuals, but also as a society, share the responsibility to always think and act with others in mind the

of the, into the conflict. so i worry about the will of the west to continue to do what needs to johnstone was. so my guess is wait today says former deputy supreme commander in europe. i mentioned sure there's a lingering feel that somehow we can go back to some sort of spaces, clarifying to russia. that is not going to happen to have a conflict in 30 minutes. d, w to the point. strong opinions,

clear position. international perspective. germany is economy is weakening. companies complain about of worsening business environment with high energy prices, while right when populous movements are on the rise threatening core democratic values. this week on to the point, we ask a great power in trouble. what's wrong to the point in 90 minutes on d w, the schedule issues or thoughts? it will crazy. the

the this is the w news. why from berlin? this year's nobel peace prize goes to a jail to run in women's rights activists. now guess mohammed de is honored for her struggle against the oppression of women in iran and her flight for freedom for all . also coming up u. n. team a heads to the side of one of the deadliest attacks. since the start of the russian invasion of ukraine, at least $52.00 people, including a child are killed like a missile strikes, as they attend awake in the east of the country to you when says it could constitute a war cry.