who in 45 minutes on d w, the words people have to say that's why we listen to every weekend on d w the, what do you think she's trying to tell us? being able to talk to our fellow creatures is an old dream on one that still seems a long way off, even with the closest evolution re cousins. but the chimpanzees have something like that language. and if they do, could we decide for it? would that help us to better understand them? that's an older exciting topics this week in dw sign show. welcome to tomorrow.

today. the humans can talk tapes can well. so we thought no evolutionary biologist, maya know who went. others are challenging. this dogma, we accompany him to the zoo, and this was city of bozza to listen to chimpanzees. anything here, then same coaching right now and are getting excited because there is some water coming out since the alpha male has also been reaching the, displaying any old test step as well. so he's just trying to associates governance and whose status and improve business. chimpanzees communicate with gestures, facial expressions, and highly specific sounds, but they don't form spoken syllables or words that we humans can understand. so, cracking the code of exactly what they're sharing takes patients.

first of all, you called ask them what do you mean by that stage that can you just have to reserve and try to understand when they do produce a specific cool or specific book innovation? when is, what is that context? what does it mean? and you can only understand that by observing them prime a researchers have been doing that for decades. and they now know what sounds chimpanzees make in what kinds of situations. there's even a kind of chimpanzee dictionary. my hello, who is looking into how the apes combine these noise? that's what we're getting at now is really understanding is actually going be on the dictionary and going to the grammar and the syntax of these elements to get his current research is based on a recording made 10 years ago. when evolutionary biologists alarm the female champ

with a fake snake or the snake is around there. so it's a snake presentation. and now, so this thing is just sending up. so it's my people. and she's looking toys. and you can see she's printing somebody along who's with her needs and she's looking this thing in a tone barely audible to humans. she alerts the others, and now she's purchasing the about the combination of the cries, who and was seen to cause other chimpanzees in the group to climb a tree and alarm and check out the situation from above. but did they do so because the elderly chimpanzee warrant them for, for another reason to find out the route developed a new experiment involving a recording of the who was a combination like after the same quite carefully. because be around who's quite

soft the oh and so that's the alarm. who followed by the walk in you gone. he played this call to free ranging chimpanzees over loud speakers without a dummy snake in the vicinity. and we'll play and right now i'm just heard it and now he's looking at this because he's just turning, he said, and obviously the speaker days. yes. alarms by the who want to call the chimpanzee, performs that typical behavior is running on a tree. and after is running on the tree thing of the tree and down that is typical and to say to havior, fortune has ruined his team, repeated this experiment on over 20 chimpanzees in uganda, and it always had the same effect. so it's the 1st time we have evidence that team

things these understand a cool commit nations the same way we understand what the meaning of a phase is based on the meaning of the words within the phrase. so do chimpanzees also have language for troy? we thought was unique to humans. larue doesn't like to describe it as that. but he thinks the precursors of language started to develop some time before modern humans began to evolve the evolutionary branch leading to a wrong good tongue split off 1st. then the one leading to gorillas, the common evolutionary line to let the chimpanzees and humans diverge to about 6000000 years ago. so if larue is correct, communication based on combining sounds would be at least that all future experiments. most no show whether chimpanzees use other sound combinations to communicate at also whether and how body language plays

a role teams actually have quite a complex look and communication in, in the general domain as well. even facial expression is quite complex as well. so is just the entire welding itself, just trying to send these communication. it's very complex and we're just yeah, scratching of the surface right now. but for my in the room, one thing is already clear. jim communication is closer to human language. then we once believe the lesson animal has in common with us, the more difficult it is to feel empathy for the taking extreme example. the locust, vast numbers of them sometimes appear or destroying crops and leaving devastation in their wake. but what do individual locusts get out of the behavior? why do they come together? deforms huge storms. and if we knew why could we steer them?

or swimming. lucas? millions of them, stripping trans back. in the summer of 2023 quarters of kenya was badly affected for the people that it was nothing less than a catastrophe. biologist, a not cause in folks from the university of constance was the she remembers. well, the insect likes, overwhelming scale. anyway, jania, we were really surprised how large the forms were, how big the groups and how dense and where one plants could find thousands and thousands of individuals. so i heard about it, and so they do as of all the states, but i didn't really, couldn't believe how big of this one was. because in folks is a new or biologist. she conducts research together with a husband in cousins who heads up the max planck institute of animal behavior. the

2 scientists are particularly interested in how lucas communicate with one another . how they form groups, and how individual animals can influence the behavior of an entire swarm. yeah, i'm hoping for a better understanding, better understand what drives them to gauge with drives tend to move, what drives them to migrate, and when, what queues they are attentive to the environments will help us to better understand as predicts in the future. we use a range of technologies to study this behavior from the human thing have what we can find individuals with extreme precision in the fields and using new concepts, a vision other than the fact animals actually in an actual environment. it's basic research in a still logically unexplored field in pursuit of pioneering results. the biologists have developed a range of unusual, technically complex experiments. the,

for example, those that take place in the imaging and the many hours helpless stick marcus on the backs of $10000.00 lucas more than ever before attempted other lot based experiments looking at swarms, going to be involved about a 100 of the insects the stick has shouldn't interfere with the lucas movements. we've never been able to get lucas, the full, not full forms before, and the last, no one has anywhere in the world. and by putting together $10000.00 individuals here and there's lots imaging hung up for the 1st time ever. we can do so they formed these real not for the 6 will. and why is that in full sense? well, it allows us to use these new tracking technologies to understand how the individuals interact with each other. local interactions over the scale of centimeters give rise to swarms that can extend of a hundreds of split columbus. this woman's digitized every dots on the monica is

a low cost. every line track for individuals pos. the data was recorded by an elaborate system. 30 cameras film this moment, a 100 frames per 2nd for a week. the imaging hang up provides up to more conditions. the temperature is kept at $28.00 degrees celsius. lights is the same wavelength as in nature. the stick is used for the 3 d evaluation on both during the insects and every evening. food is laid out for the swarm. the big question is, who's following? who? the so i'm has no consistently to and this has been again reported from field observation. but i think this is the 1st time that we are using empirical data to validate that by actually tracking the individual lucas, that is one means as, as i think that'd be, have preliminary evidence for the other thing is about the social condition. so

again, previously people have seen in the field that lucas that go ahead of the band vis, sometimes done back and return to the ban. so this seems to be some sort of social attraction or social condition that is pulling the fenton lucas back into the bank . and this again, we have some evidence of flawed from the embed code. to understand the big picture, the research just have to look at the individual animals. how will lucas movies and how it reacts to its immediate environment, have an influence on the entire room. with this experiment, the scientists are trying to figure out which new role impulses make a lucas jump or run other symptoms. so i'm interested in the risk avoidance decisions on to examine that i showed the animal in approaching danger. it's just a black object that's universally seen as a danger. i can have the virtual storm react to it and then see if the actual creature reacts to the swarm. or if it reacts to the stimulus of both together and

we'll see a while at the same time, i can measure the narrow signals i sent off. no, no. notice not often. when astonishing thing about lucas williams is that they appear completely unexpectedly, seemingly out of nowhere, not cause in folks, and had seen that for also looking for the key impulses that contained individual animals into members of a swarm. to do this, they put individual lucas into a kind of 3 div cinema that they are confronted with the control that the research has can influence that will. this system is a custom build set up. it's the only one that exists. we designed it specifically to start the locust behavior and to see whether we can what are the, who is the governing locus marching direction. while the locust is marching, the research has recalled the speed and direction. it's moving and looking for data problems. they hope to provide insights into how individual animals influence

a swab them is a whole and maybe one day, also clues on how to prevent swimming in the 1st place. the observing animals in the natural habitats isn't easy either. fish, for example, take off or disliked is selling this danger. like when the times that tries to creep up with a camera to stop them from fleeing, it's important to keep a low profile, stare up as little sand as possible. this works especially well if you have fins like this route, thoughts which can collide autonomously through the water for up to 2 hours meet dell and under what a robot looks like a fish. it was developed by mechanical engineering students. this was federal

institute of technology zurich during its dives the robot films that surroundings and collects what are called e d n. a samples. genetic traces from things looked excretions, that organisms lead behind. the team helps bell will provide them with more information about bio diversity. and the health of marine ecosystems so our idea was to create a platform that actually fits into the system and that gets accepted as part of it . that's why we then developed the fish that has like proficient is also accepted by other re, creatures as a fish. just under a meter long tail, navigates with the help of a i. the marine robot is propelled by a flexible silicone fin. bell moves almost silently and creates a very little turbulence. if you look at the way that'd be probably going into the oceans, the dose of lots. i the amends on the water vehicles, but they are definitely very disturbing. and they're certainly not made to go into

these more delicate environments where we would love to get to the d and the from the depths of our goal. right. do you want to really go in there and be us simons as a psych, a spy? it's just really to going in and being a spy on the marine life bell and other robots like it could soon be used by marine biologists around the world. by the way, we've just launched a new check talk channel. oh, okay. haven't take that there. we answer your questions and clips that are fun, accurate, and to the point, but also based on the latest research, what did discovery even more from the world of science then follow us at dw science, trying to make a big leap from the depths of the sea to the depths of space where you'll find the pillars of creation. a striking formation of dustin gas,

samuel oma from uganda, had a question about them. what uh, if she dies over creation, how far are they from the uh. is this your permanent oh, each 10 years we've taken so what all of the parents of creation and how are they changing over time? huge columns of stella, dustin gas, suspended in space about 7000 like years removed. they go by name the pendants of creation because new style phone in 1995, the hubble space telescope, deliberate this short of information, one of its best known images in the columns enveloped in a yellowish haze of gracious mounts on space stuff. so young start screaming inside the pin is released huge amounts of radiation energy that causes

the dustin gas to glue the different telescopes of set the sites on the vast dusk images from the spits. the space tennis group showed the columns in the infrared spectrum, revealing the traces is of a cosmic drama, a cloud of hot gas and dust. it might to come from a stop that exploded about 6000 years ago. the, in fact, the show what it may have already destroyed the pillars of creation, even though they can still be seen in a couple of images from 2015. that's because light from them takes 7000 years to reach is the info. red images allow us to see through the dense dust clouds in the columns of transparent silhouettes against the background filled with countless stones. the dis line reveals the

faces of play during stop it properly originated in a gigantic stream of matter. it checked it from a solar system that still in the early stages of development, the astronomers continued to be fascinated by the pillars of creation. no wonder then they were an early target for the james web space telescope as well. its images to reveal more about the turbulent this is new stones and make the pillars of creation shine in even more spectacular splendor. it's all good is read. why are the do you have a science question for us then send it in as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer your query on the air, you'll receive a little surprise as a thank you. go on. just ask the

strong them is also look up at the sky from the surface, but they don't miss fear and weather can get in the way of ups of ations. so when placing a telescope location is key, the high you have to come a debit and surely provide optimal conditions. the app is nearly always dry, clear and cloudless. it to him is never rains. and cities that could spoil the night sky with artificial lights of far away during the day it looks like the surface of mars. but at night this place turns into a paradise. at least for astronomers. i'm in the common deserts in chile, one of the driest places on of the sky here is clearer than anywhere else. so it's ideal for the world's largest telescope state. first and foremost, the v o t, which is contributed to nobel prize winning recess. i saw the very large tell us go

for b, l t for short is one of the most important optical and for read telescopes in the world. famous discoveries made with it includes the black hole at the center of our galaxy. and evidence of an expanding universe european southern observatory astronomers, susanna render, takes us into the nerve center of one of its 4 main telescopes, where everything is being made ready for the night's observations. a few less tests are running before the dome opens to the telescopes. huge eye on the sky. the past life takes here is complicated, so that it's not something a me to main. mira helps just one end of the lp on what happens is light comes in from mountain the universe as i'm often human. often from the sky it hits that may mirror electric, yet is reflected back to the 2nd mirror of the and not like ceiling into death. i

mean that's been reflected back to us. the mirror you good. definitely help in that . so it's sticking out of the main mirror box, which we need from the 3rd mirror of the light is reflected into the instrument, the records, the centralization of when the sun goes down, work begins up on, settled out on a mountain. when everything is ready, most people here enjoy taking a break for a special tradition, enjoying the sunset together. the sooner the sun is almost set and the sky needs to be dogs, so we can watch the stalls and ultimately be so we just getting started yet, get this listed. the night shift starts with dozens of measurements. everyone is highly focused. isn't to increase this to be able to control room where they control everything that happens up the with the telescopes. every single telescope has its own area and that's where the engineers and scientists control it split us

to the school. susanna rundle and meet shift coordinator stuff and me, scott, who's in charge today. he's currently checking a measurement moment time for bucks. right now. we're observing a galaxy miss missy 8. 33. and it's a galaxy where there's quite a bit of star formation going on. and astronomers are very interested in understanding that star formation uh, these, this dentist in to, to 15 with help from various filters. the in for read images give rise to impressive shots, a distant galaxies like messy 8334 click. those are objects here in our milky way, like the corrina or the or ryan that'd be less the because the atmosphere causes light to flicker interfering with observations, the astronomers have figured out a way to adjust for it the laser guide star. the laser laser is short,

high into the sky, creating an artificial star 90 kilometers a minute, which we then use to calibrate on measurements to produce a sharp image. which is the adaptive optics and the v l team. we can get images almost as sharp is a james with space telescope and in the future will be able to achieve even sharper images. room has been made on the summit of nearby cetera ottoman zone is for the extremely large telescope. the e l t were incomplete is it will be the largest optical telescope in the world. what it's huge and 60 meters in diameter me, but that's nothing compared to what the government the telescope will look like when it's finished. it will be 85 meters high. it's me to hook side to gigantic main mirror won't be 39 meters across and enable

a completely new kind of astronomy. these increases a giant leap forward and i want to look out further into the universe and understand more about it on the ca lp will be able to distinguish us like planets. for instance, i'm the right mosquito c of one. yeah. so it could tell us if there might be an a $2.00 out that is by publicity, the world's largest telescope is slated to start searching at the end of the decade . but the b o t will also continue to look into the big questions, tend to develop new technology like the v l t. i as a huge center for rama or the optically conducts the measurements of all for telescopes. yeah, light is taken uncorrelated with respect to the mirror is yes. so wave chris, a super imposed wave chris on that and it's done it. wavelengths of 2 to 2.5 micro

meters. 10. they have to be put together very precisely with these mirrors because it's really a mind boggling achievement. little visualize the font size and how from the max punk institute for extra terrestrial physics. and if the technical university of munich works with the v l t t and his team developed an instrument they called gravity. sydney, visible the motion of the stars around the subject areas, a giant black hole at the center of our galaxy. the work also provided more proof for hind stein's general theory of relativity must be its most. what we want to measure now is whether the prediction is correct to work . this is the black hole really only determined by the rotation of space, time and mass, or a space time strangely deformed, who wish for form c i use it may be, egg shaped or shape like a clover leaf. you could determine that from the shape of stellar orbit done gone

from this one to 500 black holes will play a star enrolled in solving this big physics puzzle. i have denied that. so we have time for on tomorrow today. the science show, thanks for joining us and see you again next week. but for now the, the, the, the

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and how we can make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for the actually we don't have a choice. i think that we have little time list to save the planet. so we have to do what we can as fast as possible. we only have $110.00 ration left, just 25 years to implement the greatest revolution. since the tune of the industrial age. replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy around the world without exception is a global energy to information really cost of the forward as well. or is it for our 2 pod document trees, the renewables revenue jobs november 25th dw,

the this is the deadline use live from for the imagined escalation. and israel's boy against homos. it's about wraps up a strikes on the guy. so striking what it says, what underground, a good southern of the country announces it is also expanding. ground operations also coming up view in one's looming, humanitarian catastrophe, for the 2000000 people trapped in gaza. ida organizations site communications blackouts is hampering released assets, including ambulances.