the sauce, it's getting cold. the rates of holding sign and the volunteers will winter freeze the nation kids particular scene, rebuild jobs, move indices, double the what do you think he's trying to tell us? being able to talk to our fellow creatures is an old dream on one that still seems a long way off, even with the closest evolution re cousins. but the chimpanzees have something like the language. and if they do, could we decide to where it would help us to better understand them? that's an older exciting topics this week in dw signing show. welcome to tomorrow.

today. humans can talk a scan. well, so we thought no evolutionary biologist, my low when others are challenging this dog, but we accompany him to the zoo. and this was city of bozza to listen to chimpanzees. anything here, then 1015 right now and are getting excited because there are some water coming out and the alpha male has also been switching to displaying these old test step as well. so he's just trying to associates governance and whose status and the group is chimpanzees communicate with gestures, facial expressions, and highly specific sounds. but they don't form spoken syllables or words that we humans can understand. so cracking the code of exactly what they're sharing takes patients. the 1st of all you call ask them,

what do you mean by that stage? the key just have to reserve and try to understand when they do produce a specific cool or specific book innovation. when is, what is that context? what does it mean? and you can only understand that by observing them prime a researchers have been doing that for decades. and they now know what sounds chimpanzees make in what kinds of situations. there's even a kind of chimpanzee dictionary. my hello, who is looking into how the apes combine these noise? that's what we're getting at now, is really understanding it's actually going be on the dictionary and go into the grammar and the syntax of these elements together of his current research is based on a recording made 10 years ago. when evolutionary biologists alarm the female champ with a fake snake, the snake is around there. so it's

a snake presentation. and now, so this thing, and she's standing up, so it's my people. and she's listening toys and mackenzie, shes printing somebody along who's with her needs and she's looking in a tone barely audible to humans. she alerts the others, and now she's purchasing the about the combination of the cries, who and was seemed to call those other chimpanzees in the group to climb a tree in alarm and check out the situation from above. but did they do so because the elderly chimpanzee worn them for, for another reason to find out the route developed a new experiment involving a recording of the who was a combination like after this and quite carefully. because the long who is quite soft the

oh and so that's the alarm who followed by the wall in uganda, he played this call to free ranging chimpanzees over loud speakers without a dummy snake in the vicinity. and we'll play it right now. i'm just heard it. i know he's looking in this because he just turned his said and i was looking the speaker that here he, alarmed by the who, why i call the chimpanzee, performs the typical behavior is running on a tree. and after is running on a tree thing of the tree and down that is typical interstate behavior. fortune has the ruined his team repeated. this is fair amount on over 20 chimpanzees in uganda, and it always had the same effect. so it's the 1st time we have, everything's that same things, these understand

a cool combinations the same way we understand what the meaning of the phase is based on the meaning of the words within the phrase. so do chimpanzees also have language for troy? we thought was unique to humans. larue doesn't like to describe it as that, because he thinks the precursors of language started to develop some time before modern humans began to evolve the evolutionary branch leading to a wrong good tongue split off 1st. then the one leading to gorillas, the common evolutionary line to let the chimpanzees and humans diverged about 6000000 years ago. so if larue is correct, communication based on combining sounds would be at least that all future experiments. most no show whether chimpanzees use other sound combinations to communicate at also whether and how body language plays a role teams actually have quite

a complex local then communication in, in the industrial domain as well. even facial expression is quite complex as well. so is just the entire welding itself, just trying to send these communication. it's very complex and we're just yeah, scratching of the surface right now. but for my in the room, one thing is already clear. jim communication is closer to human language. then we once believe the lesson and them all has in common with us, the more difficult it is to feel empathy for the taking extreme example, the locust bask numbers of them sometimes appear destroying crops and leaving devastation in their wake. so what do individual locusts get out of the behavior? why do they come together? deformed huge storms. and if we knew why could we steer them

swimming. lucas? millions of them, stripping trends back in the summer of 2023 quarters of kenya was badly affected. for the people that it was nothing less than the catastrophe. biologist, a not cousin folks from the university of constance was the she remembers. well, the insect likes, overwhelming scale. anyway, shania, we were really surprised how large the forms were, how big the groups and how since they were one plans, they could 5 thousands and thousands of individuals. so i heard about it and so they do as of all the states. but i didn't really believe how big of this was because in folks as a new or biologist, she conducts research together with a husband in cousin who heads up the max planck institute of animal behavior. the 2 scientists are particularly interested in how lucas communicate with one another.

how they form groups, and how individual animals can influence the behavior of an entire room. yeah, i'm hoping for a better understanding. better understand what drives them to gauge with drives tend to move, what drives them to migrate, and when, what queues they are attentive to and the environment will help us to better understand as predict the future. we use a range of technologies to study this behavior from the imaging have what we can find individuals with extreme precision in the fields and using new concepts, a vision of the track animals actually in the not full environment. it's basic research in a still logically unexplored field in pursuit of pioneering results to biologists have developed a range of unusual, technically complex experiments. the, for example, those that take place in the imaging, kind of

a many hours help and stick mark is on the backs of 10000 lucas more than ever before. attempted other lot based experiments looking at swarms, going to be involved developed a 100 of the insects this because shouldn't interfere with the lucas movements. we've never been able to get lucas, the full, not full swarms before. and the last no one has anywhere in the world. and by putting together $10000.00 individuals here and there's lots imaging hung up for the 1st time ever, we can do. so they formed these real not sophistic swamped. and why is that in full sense? well, it allows us to use these new tracking technologies to understand how the individuals interact with each other. local interactions over the scale of centimeters give rise to swarms that could extend of a hundreds of square kilometers. this woman's digitized every dots on the monica is a low cost every line traction individuals part of the data was recorded by an

elaborate system. 30 cameras film, the small amount of 100 frames per 2nd for a week. the imaging hang up provides up to more conditions. the temperature is kept at $28.00 degrees celsius. lights has the same wavelength as in nature. the stick is used for the 3 d evaluation on both during the insects and every evening. food is laid out for this will be questionnaire is who's following, who? the so i'm has no consistent leader. and this has been again reported from field observation. but i think this is the 1st time that we are using and petticoat data to validate that by actually tracking the individual lucas, that is one main was as i think that'd be, have feeling that the evidence for the other thing is about the sources. go ahead. so again, previously people have seen in the field that lucas that go ahead of the band list,

sometimes done back and return to them. so this seems to be some sort of social attraction or associates position that is pulling the fence and milk is back into the band. and this again, we have some evidence of flawed from the embed code to understand the bigger picture, the research just have to look at individual animals. how will lucas movies and how it reacts to its immediate environment, have an influence on the entire room. with this experiment, the scientists are trying to figure out which new role impulses make a lucas jump or run other symptoms. so i'm interested in the risk avoidance decisions on to examine that i showed the animal in approaching danger. it's just a black object that's universally seen as a danger. i can have the virtual it's form react here, and then see if the actual creature reacts to the swarm. or if it reacts to the stimulus of both together and we'll see a while at the same time, i can measure the natural signals i sent off. no,

no. notice not often. when astonishing thing about lucas williams is that they appear completely unexpectedly, seemingly out of nowhere. not cousin folks. and had seen that for also looking for the key impulses that contained individual animals into members of a swarm. to do this, they put individual lucas into a kind of 3 d cinema that they are confronted within the control that the research has can influence that will. this system is the custom bill setup, which is the only one that exists. we designed it specifically to start the locust behavior and to see whether we can what are the, who is the governing locus marching direction. while the lucas does not change the researches record the speed and direction it's moving and looking for data problems . they hope to provide insights into how individual animals influenced a swarm as a whole,

and maybe one day of the clues on how to prevent swimming in the 1st place. the observing animals and the natural habitats isn't easy either. fish, for example, take off at the slightest sign of danger, like when the times that tries to creep up with a camera to stop them from fleeing, it's important to keep a low profile, stare up as little sand as possible. this works especially well if you have fins like this root thoughts which can collide autonomously to the water for up to 2 hours meet dell, an underwater robot looks like a fish. it was developed by mechanical engineering students. this was federal institute of technology zurich during its dives the robot films that surroundings

and collects what are called e d n. a samples. genetic traces from things like excretions that organisms leave behind. the team helps bell will provide them with more information about bio diversity and the health of marine ecosystems. so our idea was to create a platform that actually fits into the system and that gets accepted as part of it . that's why we then develop the fish that has like a vision, is also accepted by other great creatures as an official. just under a meter long tail, navigates with the help of a i. the marine robot is propelled by a flexible silicone fen bell moves almost silently and creates a very little turbulence. if you look at the way that b currently going into the oceans, that delta lots of i, the amends on the vehicles, but they are definitely very disturbing. and they're certainly not made to go into these more delicate environments, where we would love to get to the d and the from the depths of our goal,

right. do you want to really go in day on the simons? this is like a spite. it's just really t coming in and being a spy on the marine life bell and other robots like it could soon be used by marine biologists around the world. by the way, we've just launched a new tick tock channel. and we'll take that there we answer your questions and clips that are fun, accurate, and to the point. but also based on the latest research, what is discovery even more from the world of science, then follow us at dw science trying to make a big leap from the depths of the sea to the depths of space. where you'll find the pillars of creation. a striking formation of dustin gas, samuel oma from uganda, had a question about them. what uh,

if she dies over creation, how far are they from the uh, is this your permanent oh, each 10 years we've taken so what all of the pendants of creation and how are they changing over time? huge columns of stella, dustin gas, suspended in space about 7000 like years removed. they go by name the pendants of creation because new storms of fluids in 1995, the hubble space telescope, deliberate, this show formation, one of its best moving images in the columns enveloped in a yellowish haze. geishas my time and space stuff. so young start screaming inside the pin is released huge amounts of radiation energy that causes the dustin gas to glue the different telescopes of set the sites on the

vast dusk images from the spits. the space tennis group showed the columns in the infrared spectrum, revealing the traces is of a cosmic drama, a cloud of hot gas and dust. it might to come from a stop that exploded about 6000 years ago. the, in fact, the show what he may have already destroyed the pillars of creation. even though they can still be seen in a couple of images from 2015. that's because light from them takes 7000 years to reach us. the infra red images allow us to see through the dense dust clouds in the columns of transparent silhouettes against the background filled with countless stones, the dis line reveals the forces at play during stop. it properly originated in

a gigantic stream of matter. it checked it from a solar system that still in the early stages of development, the astronomers continued to be fascinated by the pillars of creation. no wonder then they were an early target for the james web space telescope as well. its images have revealed more about the turbulent, this is new stones and make the pillars of creation shine in even more spectacular splendor. it's all good is read. why are the do you have a science question for us then send it in as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer your query on the air, you'll receive a little surprise as a thank you. go on. just ask the

strong them is also look up at the sky from the surface, but the sphere and weather can get in the way of ups of ations. so when placing a telescope location is key, the high you have to come a debit and surely provide optimal conditions. the aca is nearly always dry, clear, and cloudless. it to him is never rains. and cities that could spoil the night sky with artificial lights of far away during the day it looks like the surface of mars. but at night this place turns into a paradise. at least for astronomers. i'm in the common deserts in chile, one of the driest places on of the sky here is clearer than anywhere else. so it's ideal for the world's largest telescope. stay 1st and foremost, the v o t, which is contributed to nobel prize winning. lisa, i saw the very large, tell us go for b, l t for short is one of the most important optical and for red telescopes in the

world, famous discoveries made with it includes the black hole at the center of our galaxy . and evidence of an expanding universe european southern observatory astronomers, susanna run to takes us into the nerves center of one of its 4 main telescopes, where everything is being made ready for the nights observations. a few less tests are running before the dome opens to the telescopes, huge eye on the sky. the past life takes here is complicated. so that it's not something i me to main mirror helps just one end of the lp on what happens is the light comes in from mountain the universe as i'm often human, often from the sky it hits that may mirror such a kit is reflected back to the 2nd mirror of the, in that black cylinder with deaf and that's been reflected back to us. the mirror you good. definitely help in that. so it's taking out of the main member of the box

. what do we need from the 3rd mirror of the light is reflected into the instrument, the records, the centralization of when the sun goes down, work begins up on several pod on a mountain. when everything is ready, most people here enjoy taking a break for a special tradition, enjoying the sunset together. the sooner the sun is almost set and the sky needs to be dogs, so we can watch the stalls. i don't believe as so we just getting started yet, get this listed. the night shift starts with dozens of measurements. everyone is highly focused. isn't to increase this to be able to control room where they control everything that happens up the with the telescopes. every single telescope has its own area, and that's where the engineers and scientists control it split us to the school. susanna rando need shift coordinator stuff and me, scott,

who's in charge today. he's currently checking a measurement moment time for bucks. right now. we're observing a galaxy miss missy 833. and it's a galaxy where there's quite a bit of star formation going on. and astronomers are very interested in understanding that star formation this dan, in student to, to 15 with help from various filters. the in for read images give rise to impressive shots, a distant galaxies, like miss gay, 334 click. those are objects here in our milky way, like the covina, or the or ryan that'd be less the because the atmosphere causes light to flicker interfering with observations, the astronomers have figured out a way to adjust for it the laser guide star. the laser laser is short, high into the sky, creating an artificial star 90 kilometers o avenue,

which we then use to calibrate on measurements to produce a sharp image. which is the adaptive upticks and the v l team. we can get images almost to shop is a james with the space telescope and in the future will be able to change even sharper image is room has been made on the summit of nearby cetera ottoman zone is for the extremely large telescope. the e l t were incomplete is it will be the largest optical telescope in the world. what it's huge and 60 meters in diameter me, but that's nothing compared to what the dome of the telescope will look like when it's finished. it will be 85 meters high, it's me to hook side. the gigantic main mirror will be 39 meters across and enable a completely new kind of astronomy. these enclose is

a giant leap forward, and i want to look out further into the unit of this and understand more about it on the c a l. t will be able to distinguish us like planets. for instance. i'm the right mosquito seattle. yeah. so it could tell us if there might be an a $2.00 out that is by publicity, the world's largest telescope is slated to start searching at the end of the decade . but the v o t will also continue to look into the big questions and to develop new technology like the v l t i as a huge mentor for rom, at or the optically conducts the measurements of all for telescopes. yeah, like just taken uncorrelated with respect to mirror is yes. so wave chris a super imposed wave chris on that and it's done it. wavelengths of 2 to 2.5 micro meters. 10. well, they have to be put together very precisely with these mirrors because it's really

a mind boggling achievement, localize the font size, and how from the max punk institute for extra terrestrial physics. and if the technical university of munich works with the v l t t and his team developed an instrument they called gravity. sydney, visible the motion of the stars around the subject areas, a giant black hole at the center of our galaxy. the work also provided more proof for hind signs. general theory of relativity must be its most. what we want to measure now is whether the prediction is correct. what is, what is the black hole really only determined by the rotation of space, time and mass, or a space time, strangely deformed? who wish for form c, i use it, maybe egg shaped or shape like a clover leaf. you could determine that from the shape of stellar orbit doesn't gone from missiles you're holding the bicycle on. black holes will play a star enrolled in solving this big physics puzzle. i have

that, so we have time for on tomorrow today. the science show, thanks for joining us and see you again next week. but for now the, the, the, the

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