we're bringing an environmental conservation to life with learning facts like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for the . what do you think he's trying to tell us? being able to talk to our fellow creatures is an old dream on one that still seems a long way off. even with our closest evolution re cousins. but the chimpanzees have something like that language. and if they do, could we decide to where it would that help us to better understand them? that's an older exciting topics this week in dw signing show. welcome to tomorrow.

today the humans can talk tapes can well. so we thought no pollution or a biologist my low when others are challenging this dog, but we accompany him to the zoo. and this was city of bozza to listen to chimpanzees. anything here, then 1015 right now and are getting excited because there is some water coming out and the alpha male. he's also been reaching yeah, he's displaying any old test step as well. so he's just trying to associates governance and whose status and improve business. chimpanzees communicate with gestures, facial expressions, and highly specific sounds, but they don't form spoken syllables or words that we humans can understand. so, cracking the code of exactly what they're sharing takes patients.

first of all, you call ask them what do you mean by that stage that can you just have to observe and try to understand when they do produce a specific cool, specific book innovation? when is, what is that context? what does it mean? and you can only understand that by observing them prime a researchers have been doing that for decades. and they now know what sounds chimpanzees make in what kinds of situations there's even that kind of chimpanzee dictionary. my hello, who is looking into how the apes combine these noise? that's what we're getting at now is really understanding is actually going be on the dictionary and go into the grammar and the syntax of these elements to get his current. research is based on a recording made 10 years ago. when evolutionary biologists alarm the female champ

with a fig snake. or the snake is around there. so it's a snake presentation. and so this thing, and it's just standing up. so it's my people. and she's looking towards it and you can see she's printing something along who's with her needs. and she's looking in a tone barely audible to humans. she alerts the others, and now she's purchasing the about the combination of the cries, who and was seen to cause other chimpanzees in the group to climb a tree and alarm and check out the situation from above. but did they do so because the elderly chimpanzee warrant them for, for another reason, to find out the route developed a new experiment involving a recording of the who was a combination likely after the same quite carefully. because the around who's quite

soft, the oh and so that's the, along with food by the walk in, you gone. he played this call to free ranging chimpanzees over loud speakers without a dummy snake in the vicinity. and we'll play it right now. i'm just heard it now is looking at this because he's just turning his said and i was getting the speaker that here he, alarmed by the who, why call the chimpanzee performs the typical behavior is running on a tree. and after is draining on a tree thing of the tree and down that is typical and to say to havior, fortune has ruined his team, repeated this experiment on over 20 chimpanzees in uganda, and it always had the same effect. so it's the 1st time we have everything that's

and things these understand a cool commit ations the same way we understand what the meaning of a phase is based on the meaning of the words within the phrase. so do chimpanzees also have language for troy? we thought was unique to humans. larue doesn't like to describe it as that, because he thinks the precursors of language started to develop some time before modern humans began to evolve the evolutionary branch leading to a wrong good tongue split off 1st. then the one leading to gorillas, the common evolutionary line to let the chimpanzees and humans diverge to about 6000000 years ago. so if larue is correct, communication based on combining sounds would be at least that old future experiments. most no show whether chimpanzees use other sound combinations to communicate at also whether and how body language plays

a role teams actually have quite a complex focus and communication in, in the general domain as well. even facial expression is quite complex as well. so is just the entire welding and self just trying to send these communication. it's very complex and, and we're just yes scratching of the surface right now. but for my in the room, one thing is already clear. jim communication is closer to human language. then we once believe the lesson animal has in common with us, the more difficult it is to feel empathy for the taking extreme example, the locust bask numbers of them sometimes appear destroying crops and leaving devastation in their wake. but what do individual locusts get out of the behavior? why do they come together? deforms huge storms. and if we knew why could we steer them a

swarming lucas? millions of them stripping trans back. in the summer of 2023 quarters of kenya was badly affected for the people that it was nothing less than a catastrophe. biologist, a not cause in folks from the university of constance was the she remembers. well, the insect likes, overwhelming scale. anyway, kenya, we were really surprised how large the forms were, how big the groups and how dense and where one plants could find thousands and thousands of individuals. so i heard about it and so they do as a volunteer to but i didn't really believe how big of this one was. because in folks is a new or biologist. she conducts research together with a husband in cousins who heads up the max planck institute of animal behavior. the

2 scientists are particularly interested in how lucas communicate with one another . how they form groups, and how individual animals can influence the behavior of an entire room. yeah, i'm hoping that understanding the better understand what drives them to gauge with drives tend to move, what drives them to migrate, and when, what queues they are attentive to the environment will help us to better understand. as predicts noticed in the future, we use a range of technologies to study this behavior from anything higher. what we can find individuals with extreme precision in the fields and using new computer vision of the track animals actually in an actual environment. it's basic research is still launch the unexplored field in pursuit of pioneering results. the biologists have developed a range of unusual, technically complex experiments. the,

for example, those that take place in the imaging and as a many hours helpless stick marcus on the backs of $10000.00 lucas more than ever before attempted other lot based experiments looking at swarms, going to be involved defense to hundreds of the insects just because shouldn't interfere with the lucas movements. we've never been able to get lucas, the full not full phones before in the life. no one has anywhere in the world. and by putting together $10000.00 individuals here and there's lots imaging hung up for the 1st time ever. we can do so they formed these real, not sophistic school. and why is that in full sense? well, it allows us to use these new tracking technologies to understand how the individuals interact with each other. local interactions over the scale of centimeters give rise to swarms that can extend of a hundreds of spread columbus. this woman's digitized every dots on the monica is

a low cost. every line correctly individuals, part of the data is recorded by an elaborate system. 30 cameras film. this will make a 100 frames per 2nd for a week. the imaging hang up provides up to more conditions. the temperature is kept at $28.00 degrees celsius. lights is the same wavelength as in nature. the stick is used for the 3 d evaluation on both during the insects and every evening. food is laid out for the swarm. the big question is, who's following? who? the so i'm has no consistently to and this has been again reported from field observation. but i think this is the 1st time that we are using empirical data to validate that by actually tracking the individual lucas, that is one means as, as i think that'd be, have preliminary evidence for the other thing is about the social condition. so

again, previously people have seen in the field that lucas that go ahead of the band. this sometimes done back and return to the bank. so this seems to be some sort of social attraction or social condition that is pulling the fence and milk is back into the bank. and this again, we have some evidence of florida from the empirical data to understand the bigger picture, the research just have to look at the individual animals. how will lucas movies and how it reacts to its immediate environment, have an influence on the entire room. with this experiment, the scientists are trying to figure out which new role impulses make a lucas jump or run other symptoms. so i'm interested in the risk avoidance decisions on to examine that i showed the animal in approaching danger. it's just a black object that's universally seen as a danger. i can have the virtual storm react to it and then see if the actual creature reacts to the swarm or,

or if it reacts to the stimulus of both together. and we'll see a while at the same time, i can measure the narrow signals i sent off. no, no. notice not often. when astonishing thing about lucas williams is that they appear completely unexpectedly, seemingly out of nowhere. not cause in folks and had seen that for also looking for the key impulses that contained individual animals into members of a swarm. to do this, they put individual lucas into a kind of 3 d cinema that they are confronted with the control that the research has can influence that will. this system is the custom bill set up, which is the only one that exists. we designed it specifically to start the locust behavior and to see whether we can what are the, who is the governing locus marching direction. while the locust is marching, the research has recalled the speed and direction. it's moving and looking for data problems. they hope to provide insights into how individual animals influence this

woman's a whole and maybe one day, also clues on how to prevent swimming in the 1st place. the observing animals in the natural habitats isn't easy either. fish, for example, take off or disliked is selling this danger. like when the times that tries to creep up with a camera to stop them from fleeing, it's important to keep a low profile, stare up as little sand as possible. this works especially well if you have fins like this root thoughts which can collide autonomously through the water for up to 2 hours meet dell and under what a robot looks like a fish. it was developed by mechanical engineering students. this was federal

institute of technology zurich during its dives the robot films that surroundings and collects what are called e d n. a samples. genetic traces from things looked excretions, that organisms leave behind. the team helps bell will provide them with more information about bio diversity and the health of marine ecosystems. so our idea was to create a platform that actually fits into the system and that gets accepted as part of it . that's why we then develop a fish that has like a vision, is also accepted by other great creatures as a fish. just under a meter long tail, navigates with the help of a i. the marine robot is propelled by a flexible silicone fen bell moves almost silently and create some very little turbulence. if you look at the way that be probably going into the oceans, that does lots. i the amends on the water vehicles, but they are definitely very disturbing. and they're certainly not made to go into

these more delicate environments where we would love to get to the d and the from. but that's not our goal, right? do you want to really go in there and be as simon's as, as like a spy? it's just really coming in and being a spy on the marine life bell and other robots like it could soon be used by marine biologists around the world. and by the way, we've just launched a new check talk channel. and we'll take that there we answer your questions and clips that are fun, accurate, and to the point. but also based on the latest research, what did discovery even more from the world of science, then follow us at dw science trying to make a big leap from the depths of the sea to the depths of space. where you'll find the pillars of creation. a striking formation of dustin gas,

samuel oma from uganda, had a question about them. what uh, if she dies over creation, how far are they from the uh, is this your permanent? oh, each 10 years we've taken so what all of the parents of creation and how are they changing over time? huge columns of stella, dustin gas, suspended in space about 7000 like use for move. they go by name the pendants of creation because new storms of fluids in 1995, the hubble space telescope, deliberate, this show formation, one of its best moving images in the columns enveloped in a yellowish haze. geishas my time and space stuff. the young start screaming inside the pillars, released huge amounts of radiation energy that causes the dustin gas to glue

the different telescopes of set the sites on the vast dusk images from the spits. the space tennis group showed the columns in the infrared spectrum, revealing the traces is of a cosmic drama, a cloud of hot gas and dust. it might to come from a stop that exploded about 6000 years ago. the in fact, the shock what he may has already destroyed the pillars of creation even though they can still be seen and a couple of images from 2015. that's because light from them takes 7000 years to reach us. the infra red images allow us to see through the dense dust clouds in the columns of transparent silhouettes against the background filled with countless stones, the dis line reveals the faces of play

during starbucks. it probably originated in a gigantic stream of matter. it checked it from a solar system. it's still in the early stages of development. the astronomers continue to be fascinated by the pillars of creation. no wonder then they were an early target for the james web space telescope as well. its images to review more about the turbulent this is new stalls and make the pillars of creation shine in even more spectacular splendor. it's all good is read. why are they the do you have a science question for us, then send it in as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer your query on the air, you'll receive a little surprise as a thank you. go on. just ask the

strong them is also look up with this guy from the surface, but they don't miss fear and weather can get in the way of ups of ations. so when placing a telescope location is key, the highest to come, a desert in chile provides optimal conditions. the, as it is nearly always dried, clear and cloudless. it to him is never rains. and cities that could spoil the night sky with artificial lights of far away during the day it looks like the surface of mars. but at night this place turns into a paradise. at least for astronomers. i'm in the common deserts in chile, one of the driest places on of the sky here is clearer than anywhere else. so it's ideal for the world's largest telescope. stay 1st and foremost, the v o t, which is contributed to nobel prize winning. lisa, i saw the very large,

tell us go for b, l t for short is one of the most important optical and for read telescopes in the world. famous discoveries made with it includes the black hole at the center of our galaxy. and evidence of an expanding universe european southern observatory astronomers, susan, or brenda, takes us into the nerves center of one of its 4 main telescopes, where everything is being made ready for the night's observations. a few less tests are running before the dome opens to the telescopes, huge eye on the sky. the past life takes here is complicated. so that it's not saying a me to main mirror helps just one end of the lp. on what happens is, light comes in from mountain, the unit of the mouse in him is often from the sky. it hits that may mirror such a kit is reflected back to the 2nd mirror of the in that black cylinder with deaf

and that's been reflected back to us. the mirror you good. definitely help in that . tell us, sticking out of the main minerals fox. what do we need from the 3rd mirror of the light is reflected into the instrument, the records, the centralization of silence. when the sun goes down, work begins up on settled out on a mountain. when everything is ready, most people here enjoy taking a break for a special tradition, enjoying the sunset together. the sooner the sun is almost set and the sky needs to be dogs, so we can watch the stalls and ultimately be so we just getting started yet. skip this, which is the night shift starts with dozens of measurements. everyone is highly focused, isn't to increase this to be able to control room where they control everything that happens up the with the telescopes. every single telescope has its own area, and that's where the engineers and scientists control it split us to the school.

susanna randall and meet shift coordinator, steph, and me, scott, who's in charge today? he's currently checking a measurement momentum for bucks. right now we're observing a galaxy, miss missy $833.00. and it's a galaxy where there's quite a bit of star formation going on. and astronomers are very interested in understanding that star formation uh, these, this dentist in to, to 15 with help from various filters. the in for read images give rise to impressive shots, a distant galaxies like messy 8334 click. those are objects here in our milky way, like the corrina or the or ryan that'd be less the because the atmosphere causes light to flicker interfering with observations, the astronomers have figured out a way to adjust for it the laser guide star. the laser laser is short,

high into the sky, creating an artificial star 90 kilometers a minute, which we then use to calibrate on measurements to produce a sharp image. which is the adaptive upticks and the v l team that we can get images almost to shop is a james with the space telescope and in the future will be able to achieve even sharper images. room has been made on the summit of nearby cetera ottoman zone is for the extremely large telescope. the e l t were incomplete is it will be the largest optical telescope in the world. what it's huge and 60 meters in diameter me, but that's nothing compared to what the term of the telescope will look like when it's finished. it will be 85 meters high. it's me to hook side. the gigantic main mirror will be 39 meters across and enable

a completely new kind of astronomy. these increases a giant leap forward, and i want to look out further into the unit of this and understand more about it on the c a l. t will be able to distinguish us like planets. for instance, i'm the right mosquito seattle point. yeah. so it could tell us if there might be an a $2.00 out that is by publicity, the world's largest telescope is slated to start searching at the end of the decade . but the v o t will also continue to look into the big questions, tend to develop new technology like the v l t i as a huge center for romage or the optically conducts the measurements of all for telescopes. yeah, like just taken uncorrelated with respect to mirror is yes. so wave chris a super imposed wave chris on that and it's done it. wavelengths of 2 to 2.5 micro

meters. 10. they have to be put together very precisely with these mirrors because it's really a mind boggling achievement, localize them tongue eyes and how from the max punk institute for extra terrestrial physics. and if the technical university of munich works with the v l 2, he and his team developed an instrument they called gravity. sydney, visible the motion of the stars around the subject areas, a giant black hole at the center of our galaxy. the work also provided more proof for hind stein's general theory of relativity must be its most. what we want to measure now is whether the prediction is correct to work . this is a black hole, really only determined by the rotation of space, time and mass, or a space time, strangely deformed, who wish for form c, i use it may be, egg shaped, or shape like a cleverly blocked. you could determine that from the shape of stellar orbit done

on from this, your holding deposit to black holes will play a star enrolled in solving this big physics puzzle. i have denied that. so we have time for on tomorrow today. the science show, thanks for joining us and see you again next week. but for now the, the, the, the

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