in cultures around the world, people learn to classify small handful of animals and edible, and all the rest they classify as disgusting. w series about a complex relationship with animals. the great debate, what's, you know, on youtube dw documentary the, how did you pay for your coffee this morning? did you use coins or your phone? the answer it likely depends on the country you're from. and my bakery in berlin, i don't have a choice. they only take cash, that's the norm here. but in india, for example, digital wallets are becoming more popular than physical ones. why the different countries have different ways of paying for things that's coming up on this episode

of made use business magazine. i'm of the xena. welcome, and this is what we'll also cover. indiana rice farmers feed, most of the world known export band is sewing food and security, sustainable farming, and with a drought. fruit farmers in spain, tests unchartered waters. and no laughing matter. laughing gas is endangering the klein. franklin spills bread, just cheese and don't. money has countless names and these days it also has different forms cash card and digital. here in germany, cash spill king. well, india is becoming a front runner and digital money, even in the countryside payment ups or widespread. why the difference at the grocery store or guessing of snacks don't have any cash on use in the country or the city pay digitally. it's

a problem in india or the stuff i the yeah, the main advantage of a digital transaction is that we can send money to anyone anywhere quickly on them . secondly, if i don't have money, i can make a payment by borrowing from online credit banking, and almost everyone pays digitally like here in delhi. even this head dresser appreciates the benefits for all the same model. the customer doesn't have to keep bills and coins and their wallet. and suppose it gets lost, that the cell phone becomes your wallet. land and they are the top dogs in india, pgm with its headquarters in noise to no house over 30000 employees. they are active in india and i've already entered into that 1st partnerships in japan and they are conducting research in canada. pgm has also spread so quickly because the app doesn't need to be connected to

a bank account with pay tm. people can simply load money into the virtual while it's on the cell phone and pay. currently 94000000 people in india use the app every month. india is a very unique story in terms of what adopting this the eco system. india has highest number of payment transactions across the way. so it has to be turned off the neighboring countries, whether it is china or some other big countries. we out of the district actually started fast, but didn't navigate able to do. it is so easy adopted that if you go into the a 5 year c, p a 60 do, you will find people bank approval buy and you will find the merchant excepting so on. it is those payments. and what about gemini? it's fall behind when it comes to digital payments. at the weekly marketing berlin . cash is still the number one form of payment travel by only pay cash. so what do other care about my account number?

i just use cash flows. that's typical for gibbons, according to a research institute. 60 percent of customers in gemini, still always paying cash for most retailers on the market. don't even offer card payments. if i move that as this, i suspect it wouldn't necessarily be worth while because with the card payment service provider, you would have fees. so if you would have to charge something by that, i think then 2 or 3 percent of the c 9, because not many people want to pay by card here whom i don't know that it would be worth it. i'd go through stuff that i can go to the american company. paypal is one of the most popular digital payment methods in gemini, with paypal. custom is linked to credit card or bank account and can use it to pay online. in europe, the biggest markets in the region besides germany or the u. k. elite in spain. but we know that there are many more countries in europe. so there is a lot of growth potential target types of bucks. a joint digital initiative of the

european union is in its infancy, the digital euro, a kind of uniform digital payment, is to be introduced by 2026 at the earliest. but according to the digital association, big con, it's happening to slightly different on just you by, oh, i know that we are demanding an electronic payments to be accepted everywhere and they can take belgium. that's which mandated during the corona pandemic, that at least one electronic payment method to be accepted in every store, in the local shops or in the bakery around the corner. here he said you often see the sign something know, card payment and all the sheets that simply impractical and also overwhelming for many people who come to germany and aren't familiar. smile before that. so what can you learn from india in terms of digital payments? in india, it was the government to set up a central government infrastructure that all transactions run through. at the time

to the displeasure of many indian banks. in europe, two's banks are currently blocking a digital free access system. instead of large banks that the policy is going to be the 2nd so you can certainly make payments 3, i'd say the transaction cost, which digital the, i think this transaction costs of no very minimal anyways. but you have these gatekeepers in the, even in somebody waiting luggage will charge 2 to 5 percent transaction fees. now it is clear that if you made the system very low cost increase the excess of, of the companies that are benefiting from a charging. but transaction will be the loser. so there is still a long way to go before your opinions will be able to pay for that lunch or fill up the gas tank with a tap on the cell phone, like they do in india. or next

report also takes us to india. the world's top rice exporter provides 40 percent of the rise on the world market. but that's changing right now. bad weather conditions have devastated crops and india is running out of rice to feed its own population. the governments in post and export them. that's raising concerns about a global shortage. new methods are needed to feed the world a good job. the region in northern india rice paddies as far as the i can see farmer's harvest, the plants which remain partially submerged for weeks with rice. cultivation is a traditional method that needs huge amounts of water but price is not an aquatic plan to merely tolerates water. the problem more and more often, it doesn't rain, not even during the monsoon. the rainy season from june to september, dr. periods are getting longer and rains are often heavy rather than steady. but

the hard thing is that they are not sufficient, and the rainfall is not sufficient to grow rice well, so they depend on ground water irrigation. the lack of rain causes the soil to dry out even further. that's why farmers now use water from canals and wells, causing ground water levels to sink. paradoxically, even more rice has been planted. india's main farming regions lie in the north with a popular buzz monte variety as broad india's rice exports have doubled over the last 4 years from about 10000000 tons and 2019 to more than 22000000 tons water shortages and increasing exports. the gap is growing ever wider, which is why the indian government has now slammed on the brakes and band,

the exports of light price to begin with. value spies have so to highest on was one for leo's, like uh, so july did out by united nations coordinate. i could go to manage on that. feel so good. the forecasts are private, the leg by a legal. this has led to a government's bmw, of, of a good thing, the exports on the initial billions of people across blue on the god category of what i is that has witnessed that sport band from india is made up for commodity for people in asia, africa, and me to just teach at among other places, indian rice is exported to the us, europe, iran and other middle eastern countries. high temperatures and the el nino weather phenomenon with its on usual air and ocean currents are causing india's water supplies to drop even further agriculture. they are currently consumed 80 percent

of its fresh water. the amount of water needed to produce specific foods is called virtual or hidden water. this allows an ecological water footprint to be calculated similar to a c o 2 footprint and rice farming footprint is especially huge. so how much virtual water do foods need? $60000.00 leaders of it are needed for a single kilogram of rice. the leader of orange juice requires 40000 and a kilo of beef takes 20000 leaders to produce. so how can rice be grown more sustainably? farmers are seeking new solutions. funny that going to be honest makes all of the water level of her son, cuz i have to have 3 meters in our country each year. me and you know, doing these documents we've decided to so rice directly to find is it uses less water level. so to be, you start to get with direct sewing. the rice has its own directly into the water.

but instead onto a non flooded fields, an efficient alternative that saves resources. or did you do? i just thought that he was directed by showing i've saved almost 30 percent of my water. this doesn't compromise the quality of my race at all and i can that's one i do not got i got the punjab state government offers farmers of 1500 rupees or about 18 euros in compensation per season. if they switch to the new methods, farmers and groceries both hope to rely on other types of grains and vegetables in the future. instead of water intensive, rice, ginger potatoes, onions and tomatoes are also traditionally grown in india. and this way farming could become more responsible and more sustainable. the climate change is threatening crops, not just in india through c, oranges like these are harder and harder to come by in spain. the country known as

the food basket of europe is facing, extend the droughts, much of its land risks, turning into desert food farmers, i know, facing a bitter bottle for water and dried up and even parched the bits of picture of the orange plantations between quoted buttons to bill is already clear that the farm is, would not be able to harvest the $1600000.00 tons of the previous year. jose fernandez the header the on the way to his plantation, which is experiencing extreme drought the door. i have loved to tell you already how you i planted and grew them. oh, i don't me, david, look, i'm so sorry to see them like this. gabriel, how long it has in 14 years. i've never seen them as bad as they are now. i saw not

getting okay, and these are areas here that have no oranges at all. so others have a few header i'm headed out, but the owners are very small. many are not even good for use anymore. you mean pass through the trees should be in full bloom, a lot of them, but it's a lot of all but the, the main page, thousands of families need war to for that crops. but as the look at the central reservoir shows, it's not coming. only 10 percent of the lakes capacity remains experts and now trying to be better prepared at least for the next round there. so you to put time the need to improve the water supply already can keep it and meet then i mean, that also means more storage possibility as okay, but i see the putting the menu we have to optimize the use of water coming, the digital ization. so when i'm a quarter, lucky to you, this request special senses on this thing to north of seville. they already show

how much moisture is in the soil, and they measured the diameter of the trees. if they contract, the oranges need water is a small everything we are more than 20 percent more efficient than other farms through the use of technology by the paralegal. okay. and we know when and how much century needs see a come a level committee available. this knowledge is crucial for adapting agriculture to climate change. but this alone is not enough to make the south of spain viable witness from the same people. but i didn't think i deal they, we have to stop the action of irrigation or they approve the management of water. and we also need to promote the cultivation of non irritated species. again, almost how many we must try to find a solution together with different measures. so, i know the solution is to irrigate with even less water starts up in malaga,

is developing software for this purpose. it also uses data from sensors, but the subtle differences, the analysis, artificial intelligence is being used. the is the soul of this project, and most of the sensors is supposed to be the technology. i think it's all there already. you understand, but the application of a i will help us scale is a problem general. you know what? we will be able to serve many trotter's and above all, but in the future, give each farmer individualized assistance, did exactly what they need. the total is need to see other circumstances either. however, success also depends on communication. simpler, baxa. farm is receive henson advice by what sense and can also respond almost on the we assume that water savings are between 20 and 40 percent for other cutters. oranges, steep olives, or even one year though, i was doing this translate the current one cannot be prevented even with

a i. but the technology will help us get by with less water for longer. protecting the earth from sheets and drought. that's also the job of our ozone layer of blocks out the suns most harmful rays like a shield for our planet. we on the other hand, haven't been protecting it enough. and the 1980 scientist discovered issued a hole in the ozone layer caused by chloral floral carbons. these gases are used and refrigerators and hairs phrase through the whole uv rays. we're able to sign on to our earth, and our skim unimpeded to fix the damage. all of the world's countries met at the u . n. and ratified the montreal protocol banning the dangerous gas protocol. put the ozone layer on the road to recovery, but it left out one crucial subsystems, laughing gas. it's more harmful for our environment than any of the others. but why

is it barely talked about nitrous oxide, better known as sloughing gas? all this stuff is no joke. oh yeah. it is in the past. they can become now the just remaining spec to the ozone layer and could undo one of the biggest environmental successes that humanity is ever experienced. and as if that wasn't enough, it's also super potent greenhouse gas that makes global warming and a lot worse. so why is the one talking about nitrous oxide and how can we stop this stuff from building up in our atmosphere? you probably know nitrous oxide from things that will kind of this, but what is it into oh, is a colorless gas that's made up of nitrogen and oxygen english chemist just briefly 1st synthesize that in $1772.00. and the chemist test experimented with a gas and discovered that bracing it in makes you feel light headed. he called it laughing gas and the 19th century. nitrous oxide became

a real hit at so called laughing gas parties, which were basically a bunch of french people getting high on it. at one of these parties, american dentist power as well as got the idea to inhale the gas as a painkiller. before having it tooth extracted. he introduced the method into medicine where it still is use today. and apparently it hasn't lost any of its attraction as a potty direct either or has to do this thing is levels of nitrous oxide was stable for centuries, but the amount we pumped into the atmosphere has increased by a staggering 30 percent in the past 40 years alone, there are many reasons for that, and we get to them. first, we need to understand why this much nitrous oxide and i what most here is a problem. well, nitrous oxide, not only destroys the ozone layer, it also works as a greenhouse gas and trips. the heat from the sun in the atmosphere is the 3rd most abundant greenhouse gas of the carbon dioxide and re sign. it's just no one really

knows about it. somebody needs to be an advocate for the 3rd most important greenhouse gas. so here i am. this is eric davidson. he's an environmental scientist who has been working on nitrous oxide for more than 30 years. we need to look under every stone to try to find ways to mitigate climate change. ignoring it is a bad idea. it's around $265.00 times better a tripping heat than c o 2. and once it's in the atmosphere, it stays there for about $114.00. yes, accounting for about 6 percent of global warming, which doesn't sound like a lot. but when we have such a small window to stay below 1.5 degrees, every single emission, this is david canter. he researches how nitrogen pollution and food security connected. so where does all of this nitrous oxide in the most fee, or even come from the biggest source accounting for about $2.00 thirds of all human costs, nitrous oxide emissions, agriculture and the good old days, pharmacist, mon,

your composts are constant, find nitrogen to make their soil richer and nitrogen, but everything changed in the early 20th century. that's when german chemist talbot and chi bush invented a method that turned agriculture upside down. they later won the nobel prize for this. thanks to the so called habit process, it was suddenly possible to produce massive amounts of ammonia fertilizer and put massive amounts of nitrogen onto our truck. in the last 60 is the amount of nitrogen fertilizer we use has increased 10 fold. this has made it possible to feed a growing population just we're over doing it a bit. every year we spent more than a $100000000.00 tons of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer on our crops. but only about half of it makes its way into the plants. the rest is taken up by different microbes and the soil which turned it into nitrous oxide. among other things, the i pcc estimates that for every 100 units of nitrogen applied at least one kilo

is last us into o n. depending on you are, it can be much more. we found it to be as high as 3 or 4 percent in the systems where we work in, in the sort of north central iowa that steven home and environmental scientists research in greenhouse gas emissions from soil. and so there can be tremendous geographic variations. the other big players, the chemical industry, accounting for around 14 percent of nitrous oxide emissions. here it comes as a byproduct when we make a depict and nitric acid. we need these for producing nylon cars. fertilize this or explosives. in 2018, the biggest blond into us admitted into o equivalent to the carbon dioxide pollution from 2000000 cars. in the coming decades, emissions are expected to increase even more if they are more and more people on

the planet, we need more food to make more waste and products. that's why we need to think about solutions as most human make. nitrous oxide emissions come from agriculture, this is where we can expect the greatest success. so it's inevitable that there will always be some nitrous oxide emissions. question is, can we kind of redesign our agricultural system to make it much, much more efficient? and so that we can sort of decouple this food production, always partially the couple, the food production from the nitrous oxide production, the biggest fix would be to waste less fertilize that we should use just as much as needed when the crops needed spots. we won't know what the right amount of nitrogen to apply is until the season is over. and so this is a real challenge for farmers, right? who have to, you know, maximize their long term income to say to stay in business. many farmers supply the nitrogen and fall off to the harvest. besides,

it's easier to plow then and the farmers have less to do. but it's no conflict growing. the nitrogen jump sits there until the early spring. and the thought of this loss to the environment optimized for its lives less can also help, like adding nitrous occasion and habitus that can slow down how quickly my troops transform ammonium. or especially coaching on the fluids lies that can delay the release of nitrogen and the soil and make it available when the plants actually need it. changing the way we farm can also help like planting nitrogen, fixing krupps, rotating crux or applying to fruit. eliza, as close to the roots as possible. sounds straightforward. so why aren't all farmers doing this? tom is a very constrained and the decisions that they can make it constrained by regulatory forces. market forces, cultural forces, behavioral forces, knowledge courses, social forces, all of those actors shape what have found. it doesn't feel as a farmer actually has a quite narrow decision making space. so it's complicated. what's much less

complicated, reducing nitrous oxide emissions from industry. all we need to do is put these little things into smoke sticks where nitrous oxide causes through they act as a catalyst and help break up nitrous oxide into di, nitrogen and oxygen foster. and they're extremely effective getting rid of almost all the nitrous oxide but not all companies do it. and there's in very few countries. is there really a legal requirement for them to do it? that's not a technological problem. it's not really even an economic problem. it's basically a political problem. it's policies are in place, they can be very effective. 13 years ago, countries into you implemented the nitrous directive. its goal was to protect water from nitric pollution. as a result, emissions from agricultural, sorry, was decreased by 21 percent. just policies like these are few and far between. so again, it's complicated. we're still trying to come up with solutions that work within the

current system of production, which makes sense. we're going to need to continue produce a lot of foods for the well, we're not gonna change existence overnight or short. but how assigned to the communities responsibility should be in shining a light, showing us the ways boyd and what future world could look like in different scenarios. we would never be able to totally cut into o emissions, but reducing them is possible and urgently needed. so how will you be paying for your next spanish oranges at the supermarket? i'll be using my phone. that's it for this week's episode of may just use business magazine. i'm obviously not. thank you so much for watching and take care the

the most stuff have come out to the father of the turks. he created a modern state, but his reforms remain controversial to this day. who was the man behind dispersion, revered by some cursed by others, altura. the father of modern turn in 15 minutes on dw israel at war analysis,

and background stories with news provides extended coverage. what is the military and situation in the cause of stress? how will the launch of the ground defense of impact these really hostages? experts report from the theme of the extended coverage on d. w. use. in 90 minutes on the w, the shave, we don't have a choice. so we have little time list to save the product. so we have to do what we can as fast as possible. we only have one generation left just 25 years to implement the greatest revolution since the tune of the industrial and

replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy around the world. is this really possible documentary, the renewable revenue, november 25th on d w. how many platforms can you handle single attain usually without having the feeling that it's just too much you might see me. how much can we do simultaneously? multitasking diesel, modern meds? because if we do too much and we had it all wrong, we messed things up. risking brain damage. so let's stop this self sabotage. humans and multitasking watch. now on youtube, v. w documentary. the

this is the w news. why from berlin? israel launch is a nother air strike under volume refugee camp. in garza, it comes less than 24 hours after 1st attack on the camp, caused the deaths of at least 50 people, an injured hundreds more. israel says it's famous to destroy the military infrastructure of a month. also coming up the roof of border crossing in gauze, it has been open to allow some seriously injured people and for nationals to be evacuated to egypt. and so.