she wanted me to remain mysterious, fearsome, strong, sometimes threatening, sometimes of charming. but i couldn't see behind her mad. to disagree with. the red princess stops november 25th on dw there emblems of a cleaner future. but how environmentally friendly our solar panels, the wind turbine and electric cars, really? if there's one thing, the green transition will demand above all else. it's raw materials, lots of them. but extracting resources is a dirty business, which is white plans for new mines run into fierce resistance in many places. europe wants to start sourcing many key metals and minerals from scandinavia. but is mining in norway really cleaner and what are the alternatives? these and other questions and focus this week on data science show. welcome to

tomorrow. today, the a heavy duty load or attempts 25 tons of rock into a truck in on time in western norway with a one gigantic machine. after another rumbles through a fast open cast mine, a mineral called olivine has been mind here since 1948. it contains significant amounts of magnesium and plays an important role in steel production quality and can also bind carbon dioxide. heim is the largest mining site for the mineral in the world. when the mind is one day finally tapped out here, everything will be re natured this the fiscal year. if you mind, you need to do it in ways that do a little damage to nature as possible. and before you start, you have to gain social acceptance for the idea. at the moment,

this is one of just a few minds of this size in norway. for many decades the northern country has focused mainly on oil and gas production. now, however, interest is growing and the many other abundant natural resources beneath the ground here for them to be are the it can be industry, isn't that large here yet just before we do have money deposit, as you simply the probably even the largest deposits are metal and rivers in europe and those are building blocks that are important to agree in transitioning your you think it's also important that when you're in europe work together to make ourselves less dependent on china having yeah, all the jump on to, you know, china currently dominates the market for a certain valuable raw materials in an attempt to ease its dependence. europe is trying to tap more resources within its own borders, including those from norway. in a finally button, motors dangerous the china has the stomach sending quite monopolies in the production of certain raw materials. and it is use these monopolies to monopolize

that entire value chain. stocks of it that has made it very difficult to alter existing value chains, home and bring green industries to europe in a ford and quite in display table. but if you're off once to implement green transitions in areas like mobility and energy supply, it will need access to the key raw materials that enabled society's will have to agree to their extraction. and at least for the time being, doing so has a big environmental impact to the residents of no style have been resisting a major mining project on the philadelphia yard for years. a company called nordic mining wants to remove the top of this mountain to mind. titanium and the mineral called rutil, which contains titanium dioxide to get to the project that were against this project, because they want to cut off the summit of and get mountain done, and are planning to dump 250000000 tons of mining sludge chemicals on heavy metals

and micro plastics directly into one of the regions most fish rich your so as i said, he gets to fuel to the people here. few are dire consequences for the fjord, which is also an important breeding ground for cod. but they don't know exactly what to expect. it was gonna say, man, it's hard to say, you know, so, but it's highly likely the most of the fewer you'll die, that there will be no more efficient in your office. but by the time we know for sure, it might be too late to have full time. no, no, no. these demonstrators are shouting, let the fjord live. the attempt to provide you with a secure source of key raw materials has turned into a classic cultural battle between environment and industry and government and all that and to be so and it's, it's easy to protest against opening a new mind of the high. but when you organize your protesters and you get is that

you use a cellphone to do a homeless um and don't give it a 2nd side of it. it will be for the iron and the change they use to chain themselves to machines and protest. it comes from a mine or iron or as my yeah and yeah, and you do that. we use all these products around to get out we part and take for granted that we just have them the public know thing. and then they'll say i didn't after use of delays and agreeing to many conditions. nordic mining received approval to start extracting raw materials at the fjord in 2024, against the background of new geo political tensions. the project has acquired fresh importance. oil for fit house and 48. i hope the publications and others understand that we in norway and the other northern countries must contribute to providing an important minerals for 0 dollars and the rest of the world. i do apologise now. we can't just wait for the developing world to provide us with everything. i know you to her, she and also all that the minute i'll anything you extracting key resources within

its own borders can help us reduce its current dependence on the global market and establish its own production chains. but in norway, mining companies 1st have to take the local residents and the environment into account. the world is hungry for sand. it's in cleaning agents, cosmetics, and every computer. we make glass from sand and mix it into concrete. but only certain types are suitable for concrete production and what's called building sound is growing scarce. are there ways to replace it and construction? the construction industry just spacing a massive challenge. it's most important, raw material is growing scarce. these 2 met and want to solve the problem. and we have a global problem in the concrete sector. demand can no longer be met near to pick.

we haven't covered 90 percent of all buildings are made with at least some reinforced concrete and a major component. and that is send $200.00 tons on average. you go into a residential building. there are $30000.00 tons in a kilometer a free way construction projects while of 50 in times every year. the problem is, sand is growing scarce, as it gets so in the future we won't be asking how expensive is sand, but rather where can i get saying, except to there's actually plenty of sand out there. it's just not all of it is suitable for construction. concrete sand can't be too fine or too smooth. its grains have to be able to enter lock. just 5 percent of the world. sam fulfills the right criteria because it's too smooth desert sand is unsuitable. so researchers at a university in the german town in fryeburg. want to recycle concrete waste for

using the sam this again, it's the 1st step is to grind it up, knocked. it's applying a home after crushing it. we add binding agents and water that's produces the pallet is which in turn are then added to the new concrete indeed. but on both of them, the researchers are currently able to convert 8 different types of sand and rock into building and sand substitutes pellets that come out of a pelletize or one machine like this can produce up to $100.00 tons of them per hour. yeah, that's when the principal is similar to making a snowball that you roll and roll, making it more and more packed, and bigger and bigger. we need different sizes from 0 to 15 millimeters so that the 2nd thing is that the pellets have to be round and firm so that they can be processed in the concrete accordingly. it's pretty sticky. after rolling the

pellets have to hard and for 2 days. then we'll see what it is suitable for building for cycling. fine, sam is just one approach to the shortage. however, another is developing new technologies that make do with less and the cube is unique building construct to them. the can as of the university of dresden fits, the 1st made of carbon concrete. the result of 30 years of development. the concrete and this structure contains no steel. it's supported by carbon frameworks . the couple undertone, carbon concrete is a new type of material, or i should say, a combination of materials. it's reinforced with high performance fibers and designs that employ the new building. material architects can save a lot of resources to actually support up to 80 percent less compared to traditional reinforced concrete applications either to and that means

a big drop in c o. 2 emissions in the industry. it's made possible by this network of carbon fiber is the supports inside the walls. the fibers are composed of up to $50000.00 tiny filaments, each sooner than a human hair must in 10 months extra be used to produce a variety of carbon materials grids like this. for example, which have a very large mesh size. and a very rigid structure is in but also very slim and then structures that are very flexible, stop deposit in half day. last one. i'll tell you, i don't know how y'all i am so glad you should. so the difference is easy to see when you make a comparison between a classic steel elements and a new carbon, elena, which is around 10 millimeters in diameter. these elements that are just 10 millimeters that we can build the same loads as a 28 millimeters steel rod. so we will tom the diesel, off this one single shot. carbon is 4 times lighter. and 6 times stronger than

steel. 29 grams of it can replace accused of stealing a building and it can be used to make curved elements. carbon fiber is only need to be covered and send layers of concrete and conventional reinforced concrete. much thicker layers are needed to prevent the steel from rusting and growing brittle. so it requires a lot, a horse and things before you got modeled and close. so it means lots of material can be left out of carbon conk, right? because the carbon simply doesn't rust is listed as an added bonus. buildings can be completed more quickly. durability is also a huge plus, reinforced concrete as life expectancy of 40 to 80 years. because still eventually corrupts. the researchers are certain the carbon concrete will last up to 200 years . but there's still a catch until now, producing carbon takes a lot of oil and energy in the future. the plan is to refine the element from algae

or ligman, but waste material from wood production. however, research is still in the early stages. you will be years before lightweight, durable carbon is used on construction sites. back in cyberg to the recycled sam pallets. these have now been hardened and mixed into concrete, which has to meet the strict requirements. for example, in liquid form, it may only flow about 40 to 50 centimeters and just make them picked on andrea. i'm very satisfied with how it looks very homogeneous. ok, those have tiny law, say it's not deleting any water loop at least. so it's good concrete, i'm very satisfied. totally can see us for, for the 1st success. another criterion and strength. does the concrete live up to the researchers expectations here to time to load tests? that's recycled, concrete cube. so these are the same unit,

this cube with stood the equivalent of $111.00 tons of weight, which means it would basically made all the standard requirements for residential construction, commercial construction and pre fabricated construction. so we could so we could use this concrete in more than 80 percent of construction projects about from i'd say so the granular made from fine sand are building rebel, it could be a game changer. it could make nearly all sand usable. at the same time, it could reduce rubble and waste capture demolitions, recycled. concrete also score is highly when it comes to emissions. how many of the studies we've carried out, we can save 90 kilos of the c o. 2, with every cubic meter of concrete, by the recycling method, is already being used in construction projects. the 1st 3 production plans for the pellets are already being planned,

sand recycling and carbon to promising solutions to the atm pending shortage of building se sand is also needed to make solar panels more precisely courts, and there are abundant stats of the material all over the world, and best of all, the shape and size of the individual grains doesn't matter because they're meltdown . only then can they turn some light into electricity? bernard, a coupon from gun i wrote in with this question, how do solar panels work? solar panels also called solver modules are made up of a number of solar cells linked together about 95 percent of all solar cells are currently made from similar con, pertain from ports and it's melted and cleaned in a complex process. the resulting silicon is cut and defend slices cold way 1st,

to make the cell electrically conducted to silicon is intentionally contaminated or dope. some wafers with boron others with foss for us. when the wafers doped with boar on and phosphorus replace together, excess electrons migrate from the fonts for a silicone layer into the boar on silicon layer. this leads to a surplus of electrons at the bottom and the shortage of them at the top. similar to a battery, silver cells have positive and negative poles. when sunlight strikes, the cell electrons are released and the silica and bore on layer. since they're negatively charged, they're drawn to the positive pole. solar cells also have metallic conductors at their top and bottom of the free electrons travel along these tracks, generating an electrical current. as long as the sun is shining, the when more light strikes the

service, more power is generated to increase the yield. so more modules are usually connected in series and linked up to form larger systems. but even small modules can generate enough like tricity for everyday needs. more than 11 percent of all renewable energy already comes from solar energy and increasing trend. it's a form of energy with almost infinite potential. the why do you have a science question of your own? then send it in as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer it in the show, we'll send you a little supplies as a thank you. the now to a material that these days seems almost more common than sand on even the most beautiful beaches, plastic it's indestructible,

and it's everywhere. there are around $200.00 types of plastic worldwide. many can be easily recycled if they're properly sorted and separated. but identifying types of plastic is a tricky business. one that could be simplified. yeltsin most 9 is trying to perfect plastic recycling processes. is revolutionary approach involves marketing. the plastics during sorting. doing so can have a big impact. vision reach me, i guess i can tell you more plastic. so then reuse rather than ending up somewhere in nature or in landfills or being in center. right. and all of our industries simply have to start using resources and materials more efficiently and what's called a circular economy that involves more than just plas to is. but they're a huge part of natural phase. i know these and the highs. the big problem is that a lot of different ways gets tossed into the recycling bin, plastic bags,

yogurt containers, shampoo bottles, put mixing, different types of plastic together to make new products isn't a good idea. it makes the recycled plastic too brittle that think is i can least ask the trick is to win, allowed each individual objects and take several measurements of it. i assume. yep . those measurements tell us what kind of plastic it is. what kind of application that was used for? it's like food versus non food packaging. so 1st we have to window it all out. that's what we do here. smack by. yeah. in a 1st step, this prototype machine splits the flood of plastic into streams. individual pieces are analyzed in detail. what type of classic is it? what was the object used for? a simple idea, but hard to achieve. does the system recognize the individual types of plastic? implement come in principal, you can detect every time. once you have an object in its own dish,

you can take several measurements and come on, then you can recognize it very accurately. we can correctly detected 99 percent of the time to get extra or recycling efficiency could be increased even further. if a marker were imbedded in a plastic and then it built amazing could detect it. you can see the laser beam at work here. but when it hit certain plastics in the machine, they light up. they're marked with the fluorescent powder. main floor was tensile resting particles could be used to make recycling plastics much smarter, especially in storing techniques where materials move by very quickly like wind sorting packaging, where you can't worry about how the material is oriented in space and how to recognize everything and 10 milliseconds fluorescence is great for that sort of a sense from boss told us. fluorescence has been incorporated into this packaging. for example, marking it the margaret particles could even be integrated into the label. the

fluorescent material is struck by the laser. it reflects some of the light back and lights up. as soon as the laser moves on, it stops glowing. you could therefore, for instance, mark all kinds of food packaging in the same way. and the laser would recognize that the powder is non toxic, and the laser can detect even the tiniest amounts of it. to actually visual, it's on average, you need just 10 grams per ton of plastic. so little, practically a homeopathic dose. it doesn't change the plastics properties and you can still detect the fluorescent material very well because it can be switched on. almost like a light source, the least developed, mostly in, in his team are now working in designing a sorting system for such packaging. it's clear that recycling has to improve with fluorescence. the researcher wants to cut down to the amount of plastic that ends

up in the environment. status for the intel. i just see the potential, for example, a lot of 30000000 tons of plastic waste in europe, around 5000000 to recycle. that's a 6 drug that we could increase that number to 15 or 20000000 tiles for the same spot. there's so much more material that couldn't be recovered from way to estimate a huge amount. and of course, that could save a huge amount of c o 2. in a nut shell, that's the potential from poor bosses put into. so to recycle more, we have to sort more efficiently. renewable raw materials sometimes offer a good alternative to recycle more plastics. like kalki, for instance, it can be used in a range of applications even as an innovative construction material. building with it would even help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. one reason why c made conservation is now being promoted in europe. and the 1st pilot projects of already

been launched a kind of gold rush is going on in the north sea. here on the dodge coast used of elders, a pioneer in the field of l. g. farming, cultivates brown, l. g. from it, his company produces organic fertilizers, animal feed, and various foods for humans. voters and his team have developed a method of growing the seaweed on ropes. when it's time to harvest, their lifted out with a system of metal arms and the marine plants are cut off by hand. algae absorb up to 3 times more c o 2 within plants on land. cultivating them is supposed to help europe have greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. ringback the european commission estimates that member states could dedicate half a 1000000 square kilometers, etc. to see we cultivation by then the equivalent of around 70000000 football

fields. it's an ambitious project and it's still early days for the industry in europe, the global production of macro. algy commonly called c. we currently stands at over $30000000.00 tons per year. almost all of that comes from asia. europe produces only around one percent of the seaweed harvested world wide and that small amount mostly doesn't come from cultivation. but from wild stocks. interest into slippery crop from the sea is also growing on germany's baltic coast . like it, this kick off of and for a pilot project on ology cultivation, at the g on our institute in keel researchers from a number of german universities want to find out among other things, how the large scale cultivation of seaweed might affect marine echo systems. they

don't want to repeat mistakes made and land based agriculture. sure. of the there's the problem of over utilizing the remaining areas it see. and the fact that if you start using such a installation, it's like a home, then you have to go there. i'm almost done here, you have to harvest time, and that of course requires energy. it causes noise and so on. now. so you have to look very carefully at the potential environmental impact. those installations can have in coastal areas, in particular space, etc, has grown cramped. wind farms, shipping traffic, restricted military areas. ok, what culture all need room? that's why marine biologist, a fresh quote, talk to is testing off shore ology cultivation. bennett, the seaweed has grown far from the coast around wind farms or in combination with other aqua culture installations period. instead of getting 5 jobs, there are definitely safety aspects. so i am like it's very important that net

cable awkward culture structures don't tear loose and storing ice storm. best weather is a major challenge dock with offshore powerful storms and high waves or comment august. so the technology has to be sophisticated guys, and this is exactly the kind of problem that research projects like ours were set up to solve, flush and squeeze you. at the end of our visit to the dodge north sea coast, we get to try chocolate with local sugar account this year. so it was developed as a seaweed cultivation in europe is still in its infancy. but after all, that's how every industry starts off. by the way, we're now also on tick tock. hey, have a good day i, we answer your question, some clips that are fun, accurate and to the point. but also based on the latest research, want to discover even more from the world of science. then follow us at

d w. science. that wraps up this week on tomorrow to date this science show. thanks for watching and see you next time. bye for now. the

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this is the, the, the news life from the germany's foreign minister rejects cold for a ceasefire in gaza. an exclusive interview, if the w and elaina bab box is doing so would leave israel unable to defend itself against cannot also on the program any further. see from that you a baby is in critical condition to arrive in egypt for medical care. after being evacuated from out see for hospital and israel release as opposed to is that a claim and shows how my spring is ready the hostages to receive a hospital says how much does use the facility as they come.