the. 2 2 2 should we. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 in meeting cultures around the world, people learned to classify small handful of animals with edible and all the rest of the classify as disgusting. w series about our complex relationship with animals. the great debate, what you know, on youtube dw documentary, the why do i go to bed? i sometimes still have the sound in my ears, the sound of the sea. the voices of the fishes, when the boat went down on the other boats making this, oh, sound. we humans come survive without to get we just keep home wasting at this point, knowing full well how does all stress we'll discuss the t can be c, r o c used to be the world's full largest lake, then the rivers that fed it would kept irrigate. farmland and it shrank from

optically housings now the the old man and the sea except the sea as old but furnished were in moines up in the far west of whose becky stone in central asia, the kids were the loss boats and left the rest send in dusk continued to eat away at people's livelihoods and loans. 74 year old ali, shutting off is one of the last sleeping boat captains here. cuz there's a whole bunch of people have lots to see when we used to work on the streets and the lakes that existed happening. it was always

a wonderful breeze coming from it. it's crazy. when we were young and 5th or 6th grade, we always looked at the monthly total. it was very close. the pregnant? no. but now what's left of the r o c, as the ones you to make is called, is far away. instead, endless does planes and send that didn't put x teacher delia quickly more. i told her and her family of moving here, the 43 year old, his face and the future, and in tourism, in the region. you to at the not the reason they used to be a key here. a large harbor view of life was extremely busy. children based here, i thought was a latham, they were for holiday counters, law recreation zones, sanatorium and yes, you know, at some point we decided to build a year and a half year through while i get the 1000000 that museum was also built to attract visitors. it on is the good times with films, photographs,

and kinds of fish, as well as being a tourist hotspot. the town used to be known for its fishing. there was a fleet of boats and a large kind of rate, which has long since close down. many residents have moved away. we're on the way to the air is full in the hospital. it's now a guest house. delia could lea motor tova bought the property with the loan and turned it into a simple accommodation. she then moved with a family to my neck, the regional capital of the around 14000 people still live here, but many have long and other health problems. they suspect due to send storms. and the environmental talks in that remain from the lake at least shutting off as also stage and part of his large family, 10 children, i'm 36 grandchildren. his house used to both of the late

directly when i go to bed, i sometimes still have the sound in my ears, the sound of the sea. the voices of the fishes, when the boat went down on the other boats making this o sound or it still rings in my hands. oh, we've been driving along to form a lake bed for hours of fruit. it's the only way to appreciate the full extent of the dried up salt lake. it was once the size of the various delia quickly motor tova has accompanied us through each city. and i comes here 3 or 4 times a month, sometimes with guests. but it's quite a distance, and it's not that easy. you know, it's 3 or 4 hours for more not to hear this,

but it's really worth a chance of a what a landscape. well, you could make a blockbuster here. this mode about too much of the blood was the arrow see which struggles is beckett's down and catholic stone is only about to 10 for bits for mate size a human induced environmental disaster which had its origins in the soviet union. the regime relied on one of the coaches, especially the water intensive cultivation of cotton, and so will to began to be diverted from tributaries to the late and used to irrigate the cotton fields concert. when the water receded already back in the seventy's and eighty's, these canyons formed here. as you can see, such as if they are naturally beautiful. of those, there isn't a single tree or greenery because it's an almost otherworldly few days. but in reality, this with a stall to the dishes circle,

the salty sediment eventually ended up back in the ground water, just like the chemicals from the cotton fields. the often powerful winds here will pump the salt, dust and toxic chemicals. and scott, to the move for a large area. 68 roll top to homage sugar beads comes to check on his sex. so plants will come. the sure, let me explain. remember, because the plant is now totally covered in dust. the company is because the dust is settling. but when it rains, the suck sol plan will turn totally green on. you can feel the wind. now, if we started here like this for 10 minutes, well we just as dusty pretends though, here with a c bed used to be the around come deserts, now stretches as far as the i can see. sex of plants in particular are extremely important here because they help contain the salt stones

the and then we find the see what remains of the around see the arduous journey from moines that took almost 4 hours only a few people find that way here to this wastelands most to make the long drive a manual work is we'll start from local companies. come here to carry out tests, and then take a snapshot. as a souvenir. extremely high salt content, however, means there's hardly any life in what's left of the lake. delia quickly, maria tova, who is a company, does this boss is pleased to bump into old friends again? here it goes for a spin several times a month. she makes the long journey because it's here in the middle of the deserts that she built yet come me i need to you,

but nothing really scares me what you to say when i used to work as a teacher. i liked passing on knowledge and drawing energy from is where your photo in that and now i talk about my own country. so yeah, my homeland of visitors here get to hear different stories about the canyons also and i drawing inspiration and energy from that. yeah. it's a full cha if i do you, and that of you, it's remote region of who's beckett. stone still doesn't get many tourists. those who do come tend to be people who are looking for something unusual and special. and yet when she's there in person, the entrepreneur for past everything meticulously of the role, she wants a visitors to feel at home. and that is done by 9, so not to my parents were here in the area in 1975 and told me back then that there was

a link that was beginning to dry out. and over the years it was on my mind. and i really wanted to see it. and then i realized that i found driving where that water used to be my lead cree pieces. i was like, wait really well, sure. we submit it like we humans have destroyed our great. see, we're over the 4th largest link in the world. is like it's that should be less than to us all these items, all we need to save our water. we should plant trees. it is yes actually to is may come here, but the old man is being left without him to see the once a month or something but takes it guy to such a waste. so disability endo would tell you know. yeah. and these critics don't,

tough to dave to deep says plastic flux to us of this office of like victoria of because we get fresh with a lake. is food of crush, don't they? oh, and when they, they don't do the some plastics on this fishing nets which are no longer being used by the fish. i mean, how something relieves and that you can then sure of like victoria. so he was most of you, somebody from what's to us for almost 3 years now. he's been diving for a look organization that seems to clean up the lake, the poor, low to bundle and fish and eats or goes to mit, which had been just for the day as the project is a day when i enter the i don't. and there was web me with a fishing net. yeah, that's the worst thing i heard. and i use my knife, which i'm always on the crate, the cut over, they pretty much only clean up the water. they also retrieve waste from the show that's covered in this,

the condition. the main men to most of them gets help from volume t as each month, they get tons of plastic, and bring it to land. faisal mer to him, but started the initiative. he's been organizing originally cleanups here for, for yes, he's program, you can, the junior ranges seems to return the lake. it's not just state the plastic and other what's the lake? victoria mainly comes from the canals. hope you're getting discovery to accomplish this, which should have been much of it will come out. the team of the junior ranges lexia 3 times a week. so we try to build a stewardship of the community by, you mean what we're trying to do uh, through these community activities clean up activities and when they are going to commit to re engage with the community, do so try to get them involved. and then uh, educate them about the negative impact it has to their communities and the neighborhood those leaving the canal, starting to realize that details here and be to for the environment. let's just to

waste, think to the war, to, to solve do for these sites. which are meant for that for the free and meaningful streaming and the full fishing and the for all of activities that you will take for us on how to get to move the plastic out of lake victoria would be huge. undertaking the lake is almost as big as your and your and fully as low as i guess the what to contaminants shouldn't be gunned. fitted very fixed if the control so doesn't have his functioning with the management system. see government discussions like discussing is such a environment protection rule. that's what pinot lice polluted as a hope for you before the good enough. and in most cases, people think that it's still good for me to, for you. and then governments and to be able to do the clean up the efforts in fine . but in this with you find that i'm going to be there under the, under the nice environmental act which will then cut,

which will discourage people for mutari. the government supports the organization for them to increase. the only original source of income comes from sending plastics to recycling companies where they are converted to break what's similar products, the money the on from that hoops cover the teams course. they propose to collaborate with 2 international, even a solutions. with the help you'll be able to buy to cover bikes and billboards. that's supposed to get these by jelly to arrive a few of the more than facilitates uh they use the teams, the 3, but no major money that we gain for really sway gently poured into one big sofa. and not enough people have to convince us to help protect lake victoria. clean water is critical for the survival. those of leave on the lake i sent in your comes from if find me to of fishes and those 1st time how important this ease. i don't

have the lo phone, daisy, but the way i knew i loved this, you'll and just to up so that it got hurt. if i left, it was the life, gee, and his group wants to continue the project. they will continue to catch him. young people in the process which will allow the diving team to keep growing. the every 2nd river in the world is regulated by a down. this is done to irrigate agriculture generate power. unsecure, the drinking water supplies, the us, china and india, both some of the world's knowledge of stems. but just how sustainable all day. deep in west and in the allies, one of the largest and most controversial dams on of sub does settle, but a mega project that was so important to the government integrated the world's

tallest stature nearby to look over it for a while. it was shrouded in control of the sea for decades. dams like sub that's that over the 3 gorges. and it will produce hydro power that contribute far more renewable energy to the mix that all of those sources combined. and to do these mega struck, just like getting more mega plans for the well largest hydro electric project in congo that will be twice the size of the current global biggest. it's the largest such projects that india has ever commissioned. a lot is happening with hydro power, but with the younger and 6 year renew both holding the limelight, these old and boring structures don't get much attention behind the scenes though hydro down. so that's a really interesting story about our quest to energy global power dynamics over the last century. now with a modern twist and a big item in the,

in the t. and if you look at the last uh, september, october are supposed to be the lowest hydropower, up with months and 6 years of china base. so it has power drops by 30 percent. so let's look at what's actually going down with hydro and whether it can continue to play a role in the energy future. somewhere between all the chapter about fossil fuels destroying the planet and renewables like sola and when saving us plays a big, a really big grey zone. this is altered by hydropower, which is great in every sense. it's kind of sustainable, kind of green. and even on the kind of renewables, let's quickly go over how it all works before we get into it. this is the image most linked to hydro and rightfully so, most hydro power comes from the dams that i've built across rivers. water is stored in it as a for and when. ringback need energy related to on to turbines, which then it on generation. of course not all of them is generate hydro and not

all the hydro come sometimes. sometimes still binds, also stuck into the diversion, less destruction, but less control. the 3rd kind is pumped storage where the station is split into one physically higher water is pumped off when there's enough energy and allowed to run down through it to bind when energy is needed. this one is supposed to be works really well of a large box that can come to the intermittency of sola. i'm going, which is really positive for hydro power. we've actually been thinking with a technology for over 2000000 in the us. we have a lot of experience and comfort with this grandfather of renewables. it's reliable, predictable, unavailable, on demand. it integrates well into grids and over the long term electricity from hydro power is really cheap. no one does. some countries relies really heavily on it. but as one major problem, the st flowing

rivers around the world downs due to them, a fresh water equal systems have declined faster than all others, including forest affected by deforestation. and dom construction is the number one reason for this dies of course with the poster child of this tragedy. and many projects have come up with ways to get fish boss done some work and some done by just dixon is but it's not only about 2. so it's also about how the organisms by the end the river tuesday. and it's also looked at the many ways hydropower disrupts and dial lots of systems have layers within the rest of the reservoir. and so in some of the lowest later is the coldest one. and so if you and let's say at the hydropower them from time to time to bulk them up and the big gates for the water to produce a electricity. and then it usually has

a very strong and cold pink of water. so that's also a 2nd thing on the types of organism in but down building is bad in other ways to steal and cement, to use them in a plan. so some of the most common intensive materials on of and as know, remember when i said hydro is any kind of green and sustainable? one big reason that's true is because greenhouse gas emissions from aggressive was in the tropics, have proved to be ridiculous. as much trees degrade much faster than normal. they released meet the and end up making hydro projects was for the climate, then comparable coal plants. this national graphic shows the more immediate impacts, the 3 gorges dam flooded, 13 cities a 140 downs, and over 1300 villages, up river. it even changes the local weather, being so huge. it's even cause of quakes in the region. the other,

the down until key has created a huge block to the euphrates that has ended up causing civil water shortages down river in iraq. then in the a molly, as with 550 projects underway, dams has made the impact of land slides was over the years. hydro dams have also displeased at least 18000000 people from the homes. you might be thinking a lot of this is pulling news and you're right. it is in the case of so that's sort of a local people to protest in the environmental effects and social cost already back in the 1980s. eventually the world bank, one of the largest funders pulled out under pressure, and many other banks followed so but now many of back we're seeing development banks and government embracing large hydro. jocelyn mcdaniel is the deputy director of the international accountability project that looks into corruption and injustices links to internationally funded infrastructure. we started to get

feedback and concerns about specific projects, and many of them were hydro power. and this does not surprise me at all a, with the climate crisis. there's a push for renewable energy. that's like the big push for hydro today is coming from the time of movement since compared to fossil fuels. hydro doesn't look so bad . i cooked 26 and 2021. many countries pushed for hydropower as a key source of clean energy and that makes it only 2023. the international renewable energy agency declared that we need hydropower capacity to double by 2050 the limits global warming to 1.5 degrees. but the thing is not much has changed in terms of social environmental impact since hydro is days with a bad reputation. either old problems and that exist that underscore any of these development projects. and it's, you know,

it's because they're very deep seated asymmetries and power between communities and project components, right? the government for development banks and companies investors and that hasn't changed, that hasn't changed at all. the estimate trees locked here when you look at where most mega projects, i've turned africa, south america, eastern europe, and selves and southeast asia. and most of these are funded by us, european and chinese bax, bax. i, b and other organizations have found that these projects leave a lot of schools for corruption. often ballooning countries, banks, intermediaries and even local governments take most of the profit, especially to infrastructure contracts, and by providing technical expertise. most of the button is blown by the local environment and communities who can lose their livelihood and homes and not often even left without electricity themselves. this brings us to the iron in the 2.

hydro has had its blue murphy's and today this deck that's meant to mitigate the climate crisis is becoming a big victim of the crisis itself. as rivers i the flag on dry up the productivity of all kinds of hydropower, big and small is dramatic. the dropping in we built all these large hydropower. damage that a car into the tent, 52 percent of the remaining, the free flowing river, the big loss in the tropics. they wouldn't be fragmented. so we need hydro, but do we still need them? ready there is a potential for a 9 percent increase in global hydropower top city without building any new facilities. kayla get a month for the hydro research lab in texas when they looked into 3 ways in which this could be done. the 1st category was done so that it was for anything audits on

hydropower which i've already had an impact on the environment. maybe put in generators turbine. i think it's a transmission line. but on a scale of entirely new hydropower development to retrofitting and existing not on power dam presenter ration there is a lot of on top potential there. the 2nd category was plants that need upgrading, including generator units of software upgrades, and then upload category. we know from the ceiling and our data day, there is a bunch of them that are the smaller scale. so there may be, you know, a farmer he's got a small dam built in his property to create a bond or small late for his farming operation. there's this many additional opportunities for high your power development at very small gales, which in developing countries maybe a much more hello global,

equitable and quick integration where hydropower projects sometimes might still need to be built. but these can be used for more than just hydro. in general, and this is kind of a key, we're going to have to think in a whole system. and this is also true for thinking in terms of renewables. it's important to think about how to combine their renewables so like so that's what, what time like winds and so on. ready this is already happening in some places one portugal giants ok, but as before, closing solar panels, feed soul plus energy directly into the dams hydropower. so similar projects like these have a lot of potential to use existing hydro as diet batteries to store renewable energy. energy from hydro needs to be

a part of the future, but not of the cost of so much else. when this is considered, we can move towards a truly green future. the

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hostage by how nice the shares.