weeks of anguish, they are now in safe hands. their 1st stop a medical facility in rafa. the conroy then crossed into israel to undergo further medical checks and sign and re unite with loved one. b among those freed our mothers and their children as well as elderly women. israel's leader says he's committed to bringing home all of deputies the most that we have now completed the return of a 1st of our hostages. childrens and mothers and other women. each and every one of them is a whole world which i stressed to you, the families, and to you, citizens of israel. we are committed to the return of all of our hostages. this is one of the goal was typical,

and we are committed to achieving all of it goes available. in the occupied westbank, a group of 39 palestinian inmates were freed as part of the temporary troops. those released include only women and miners. in rama la large crowds gathered to welcome them home, more palestinian prisoners and his really hostages are set to be released. in the coming days, the release the hostages were transferred to 3 separate hospitals, across israel, among them or 4 children and 4 women who were admitted to schneider children's medical center, the hospital's chief executive doctor f road, brun. her lab spoke to a reporter soon after the freed hostages arrived. their physical condition is good and they're currently undergoing medical and d motion of assessment by the medical and psychological team here which snyder's

we designated a special area that is very private. and there's also a team from our neighbor based on hospital that is assisting us in taking care of the women. us president joe biden has welcomed the release of the 1st group of hostages bite and said he hoped more would be released in the coming days. he also said he hoped the current for date cease fire would be extended as we also look to the future. as we look to the future, we have to end the cycle of violence and the memories we need to renew are resolved to pursue those 2 state solution. whereas rarely as empower as soon as can one day live side by side and a 2 state solution. we've equal measure of freedom and david, 2 states for 2 people. and it's more important now the never come osh and lisa's terrorist attack because they fear nothing more than israel has been promised and

is living side by side in peace. to. let's bring in special correspondent abraham, who's following the story for us. intel of the, the age now the 2nd day of the temporary cease fire. how would you describe the climate in israel? while i'm standing right now in tel aviv, in what has become known as hostile square, this is where it's route since date one virtually of the war. families of the hostages and their supporters have been gathering to call for their release center and speaking to people here today. and it really is a mix of relief and sadness or relief at 13 hostages. have now been reunited or will soon be reunited, that they are in good health. but also there is concern and anger about those that will inevitably be left behind. if this deal continues with the terms that it is that it has right now, which is the release of 15, it is really

a hostages. we heard this morning in a press conference from families of hostages, who know that their loved ones are not going to be coming back, whether their family members are, are young or men or a soldiers and for them, this is a particularly sad time, even though they have said that they're also very happy for the people that are, are going to be released and have been released a we'll also see more palestinian prisoners release from these rarely prisons. what do we know about them? so we're told that $42.00 palestinian prisoners will be released today as well. they will be released in east jerusalem and the west bank. we don't have a lot of details about why they were in prison, but what israel has said is that they will not be releasing convicted murderers.

but these prisoners and lot of whom are under the age of 18, have been convicted of charges like, you know, an attempt to hurt a soldier or a police officer or throwing rocks or arson. so violent crimes. but not crimes that have, you know, resulted in someone getting murdered. but we don't have the details about today's backs yet. we saw who came out yesterday and we saw also very emotional. a image is coming out of the west bank of families being reunited. and that's women, prisoners, and also teenagers. people at men under the age of 18. a, i'm curious as the ceasefire holds much needed. aid of course is trickling into gaza, but or the injured getting out to get a better treatment. we don't have

any fresh information about people leaving the gaza strip today, but we have previously seen egypt take some palestinian at some of the more severely a injured to egypt to hospitals. besides the evacuation of the babies that were at l, she 5 days before the cease fire, so that possibly we certainly stay there. but what we know for sure and what humanitarian organizations have been saying is that the ceasefire needs to be extended, that it is unrealistic. for them to be able to deliver the needed a to the people of gaza within just 4 days. i mean, we're already past the 1st day, so we're talking about 3 days. and so certainly humanitarian organization. you know support that called by presidential by that we just heard that hopefully the ceasefire can be extended so that more relief can be delivered to the people have got that. that's so dw special correspondent abraham intel abuse of many things a that we're now with dw middle east analysts. shawnie was on us who joins me now. shawnee,

as the world watches. how fragile is this true still for a job about the less than yes. today, i mean the, the 1st of 24 hours are behind us. it seems like everybody is on the best behavior there. i've been very minor disturbances registered, but nothing that is heavy enough for a causing any immediate threat to, to this deal. i mean to take it a day at a time, but so far so good, so far so good. i'm over the years one could get the impression that hamas is really an ad hoc collection of rogue militants. the fact that this truce is holding so far. what does that tell us about a boss as an organization? oh, as you say, it's more than just an organization or, or of, of, you know, splinter and on a registered or i'm not, you know, we see a lot of discipline to see a lot of organization. we see how my still being able to contact. it's very last, you know, activism, militants on the ground and everybody and her into the deal. we've seen more than

that. we've seen her muscle so being able to utilize and get the stomach jihad activists to stand in line with its own, you know, with a deal which state, instead of as far as we're not sure we'll be able to do. because we know one of the hostages, how do you, how to some of the, some of the housing authority and als to be having in his hands. and she was released yesterday. so we see how much, very much still in controlling godaddy. spike is where i was very, very strong efforts to, to get it dissembled, to get it, you know, in disarray. and it's, you know, in aim to get his final goals, getting come. austin loses control over gaza. it seems like as well as further away from that goal, then he would like to leave you in touch with people in the region every single day . i know what is the release of is really hostages and palestinian prisoners do for the support of the israeli government. well, it's crucial it's, it's not import it's, it's vital. it's the most important element for and it to now to be able to sustain his, you know,

his primer ship and all of his cabinet. it's clear that unless the hostages us issue is resolved peacefully or with the return of all of them, it's not going to be the end, you know, at no one is going to be able to let goals cause i in israel, or not going to be able to accept antonio's a brain any longer. however, seeing that the, the release of a prisoner stated the palestinian prisoners that brings a lot of backlash against antonio. he's a right wing, you know, leader, he has a very strong, very extreme right wing component in his government. the very displeased with this, we know that if this even if the supplier is extended, there will still be $180.00. israel is left in gaza. we know bringing them out with a deal would require bringing out far more violent prisoners. some people who are, you know, sitting for lifetime after having committed to our tech support. uh, the depths of, of dozens of people bringing them out of the prison. that will be almost impossible

for me to, to now, to do that. a strong backwash from his base. so in a way, those optimistic days that we're carefully optimistic days, we're seeing that when to region are the best we will probably be seeing for the new us future after the sources dot. it's going to get more complicated, more complicated and already tense. tell us about the new national pressure on israel to extend this truth while we were seeing the present inviting us today. very happy for the release of the hostages, but also very clearly saying we need a plan for garza, we need the 2 state solution, palestinians deserves of variety. they deserve a state of their own. that's the only hope for the region. he's still hopes to keep the saudis in the picture with promising palestinians at its own state. this is nothing that mentioned you always happy to talk about. this is nothing that his writing government is happy to support. israel will fail to bring some sort of an end plan, some sort of a, the day after vision for gaza. it's not going to be able to resume the fire so

easily without losing international support. it's not going to be able to get as much as backing from the us as it got so far. so. so again, as optimistic as these days are there, probably the last one is we haven't consensus things, but the sources over we still don't know how long it's going to take, but what's the sources over? things are going to get more complicated for all sides. our thanks as always to dw middle these analysts are showing those. and as we've heard earlier, 39 palestinians have been released. most of those are women with some teenage boys . one of the women release is malware back here. she spent 8 years in jail for a knife or tap on and is really border policeman when she was 16 years old. she's now back in east georgia. tomorrow the cares mother, hold her tight. unable to fight the tears. it's been 8 years since her daughter was jailed in

a nice rarely prison to the mamma is now home, but the feeling is bitter. sweet. but i'm happy to be out. but at the same time, it is very upsetting that the price paid for our release is the blood of the people with god. mara was only 16 when she was jailed on night and assault charges. her mother has been waiting ever since for this day. i. and i said that she was shot 14 times and that she needed me, it was very painful, not having her here. do you similar joy to that of the but your family was felt in the occupied westbank as dozens of release prisoners were reunited with their families. palestinian prisoners were paraded in front of you for a supporters let me know. so we'd be on woods,

go to meeting all the prisoners will be released before they release now to white smoke filled the air as it's randy authorities. prior to you guys to disperse the crowds. according to the palestinian red crescent, several people were wounded. a total of a $150.00 palestinian prisoners are expected to be freed in line with a deal maybe more. if the truth is extended, the drill is husband boucher was in gaza until recently. he joins us now from the jordanian capital on reading sizes and tell us more about the reaction in the west bank and gaza to the release of the palestinian prisoners. you know, we are looking at 2 different reactions. the reaction from westbank, those 2 full, they were half the someone with the prisoners are released and they are freed out

of the prison. but still we are talking about over 7000 prisoners still in the different jails in as well. many people are saying that we are willing to see them creed and released out if the prison may be in incoming deals. and on the siding down the, the, they, they watch the news. but to some of them, they were not able to see the 4 days because there is no internet or electricity. but i mean, the people were saying the on talking to they are, you know, that they would, they had come confused feelings that the price is very high, and we're really using such number of the prisoners. let's talk more about guys. what effect is the pause in israel's military campaign having in the gaza strip at the moment? or well it's, it's good for the people. they have a break, and at least then, i mean,

if i'm allowed to say that they, they are willing this to be pen and today, not only for 4 days, but i mean still in the, there are more numbers of trucks coming in. they are talking about about $200.00 trucks. we're allowed, some cooking guys were allowed in fuel was for the intern for international organizations. i sold pictures and i talked to being for the with aligning to get some cocaine guys as it's was very limited. the nothing of interest during the, the previous times during the war. of course there's 3 of movement in some areas, especially in the south state, sparsely and in the north, withering the city or the north in parts. there were some reports yesterday and today that some people were shot and showed that and because they, they tried to reach some areas and the bose is good. people are willing to have

more time. and, and i mean it's when people clearly appreciating the pause, but i wonder how sam, whether there is still concern at this point, worry for what looms on the landscape, which of course is a resumption in fighting is there talk about that? of course, people are feeling this feeling that this, the fighting would be, it was you the know that it might be with you. there are a lot of political speeches and, and statements made by different bar things that they, including international or how much people that they are talks about extending the fighting. but the fear that, that this would, would review soon to make then a panic and frightened about this. this is not enough of 4 to 8 days of fighting causes. a lot of, of problems and for pals and mental grief. so they need more time. i talked to

different people from different cities, whether in the city or, or outside the city. and in, in the south. i mean, they are suffering or getting food. i mean, most of the support markets are empty and prices are really sometimes doubled or tripled or even more. so this is the situation that they are experiencing and they want this to be over. of course they do that as a journalist, has them below shot in a month. thank you. now to some other stories related to the conflict. 200 trucks carrying food, fuel and medicine, have entered the guns and stripped through the rough crossing from egypt. since the ceasefire took effect. it's the biggest you, mandatory and convoys arrive and gaza since the war started. the u. n. has called for access to the entire guns, a strip to distribute a israel has some n b and passengers of spain and belgium over comments made by the prime ministers

of the 2 countries during a visit to the rough of border crossing the to criticize the bombing of civilians in gauze and called for the recognition of a palestinian state and local agencies or a mouse has also released 10 tie hostages taken during the october 7th attacks. ty authorities released images of their citizens with one filipino in these really hospital. bangkok had been engaging for weeks in its own diplomatic talks to free it's nationals held by him on the deal with separate to the one which saw the is really hostages released but happened at the same time. we asked philip sure, well, a journal is based in bangkok about the reaction there to the release of the ty, hostages. well for, for the, for the families of, at the time, the non man and on $11.00, there is overwhelming relief and joy to have spoken of, you know, not being able to wait much longer just to see the loved ones. now that they've

seen these images of them in, in the hospitals, in the hospital and in his rilen and initially saw photos of them so long as the tv screen is being um, being handed over last night. so. so for them on the go straight to join, but another 20 ties are still being held hostage is believed. and those families are in the dock they, they really don't know what's happening and on their streaming. they're assuming. all right, i mean there is, as your previous speaker was mentioning, there are different functions within gaza and it's been made clear that the ties are being held by different groups that so um, well the one group is out. it's no guarantees the other, so it's a, it's a nerve wracking time for the, for the final is the remaining work is in other news, ukraine says keith has been hit by the biggest russian drone and salt. the date it said air defenses had down most of the 70 ronnie and made exploding aircraft. it came as ukraine marked the memorial day of the soviet union's deliberate famine in

the 1930 recognized by germany and other countries. as a generous, as the former police officer convicted of the murder of george floyd has been stabbed in federal prison by another inmate. derrick of then was convicted of showing floyd by kneeling on his neck for more than 9 minutes, while arresting him in minneapolis in 2020. the death triggered riots and protest across the us. but the ladies in italy have issued a local flight alert near mount aetna owing to an ongoing volcanic eruption this as the sicilian peak spews of lava and ash into the sky. sis ways, main airport as cataneo is not affected by the warning. hundreds of women half marched into lays capital santiago to protest against gender based violence. the march comes ahead of an annual 16 day un campaign against violence. against when

union berlin's new female assistant coach will make her debut on the sidelines on saturday. as the struggling german football team host alex birth. but we louisa eta has made history by becoming the 1st woman to be an assistant at immense buddhist legal club. the berliner sack coach ers fisher in mid november and brought an eta as part of a new look coaching set up to try to end a miserable runner for the last season. genuine berlin achieve their dream of champions league qualification. that has arguably been the cause of this season's nightmare. a successful team of relative unknowns had to make room for legends of the game like leon onto the new cheat. italian gave away a penalty on the disastrous, old debut against halston heightened september sunset. the total for both him and his team that was defeat number 4 on a run of 12 that helped to,

to pay to fisher the swiss was psyched up their failing to meet the newly fully expect patients, but he'd done so much to create over 5 years the clubs hierarchy has looked inwards for an answer from what the under 19 head coach, michael, go to an a move that has jim and football above his assistant marie louisa 8 thought she becomes the 1st female assistant coach in the 60 year history of the men spend this league dw, asked a fellow female trailblazer, what a, it's a hot in store when you are the 1st person to do something it's, it's hard because the media, there's so many questions and they look up every single word you say that's when you are the 2nd or the 3rd person we the same thing. it will be so much easier for his part, entered in court. dakota has few concerns about the colleague whom he's known since

their days together. coaching youth teams out to the defendant has put some you. if you said she's a good fit for me, we understand each other well as people and i value her very highly. yeah. that's all there is to. it seems like as much, she's a very open person and gets a lot of joy out of this game onto how jeff, you avoid it. and these are, these are disputed from that point of view will work very happily and definitely very well together. the one thing so sure, it's a, it's a complete hard part and dragging the noun from the city of dependence. lisa, their support is wouldn't mind whether she's women, mind or have to fun. former paralympic, a champion, ask if the story is, is set to be freed from prison. early after securing released on parole from the 5th of january next year, the south african runner shot and killed his girlfriend. we've a skiing camp on valentine's day in 2013 later claiming he missed her career for burglar. he was been sentenced to 13 years in prison in 2016. there were

some other sports stories from around the world at this hour. hurricane squared again to give buying unit a 10. when at the bottom side, cologne, the german goodness, wiggle returned from the international break, but it was business as usual for the english striker as he netted his 18th goal in just 12 games. the wind puts the champions top of the table, pending livid closings trip to brandon on saturday. the independence where australia has reached sunday's davis cup final. after beating finland in the men's team competition. alexei poppy. ren set the aussies on their way in malaga, with a straight sense victory over also version 10 in the for alex than me, nor also one is match equally answer be a contest. the 2nd semi final on saturday watching dw news. here's a reminder of our top story, this our 24 hostages,

free by the palestinian militant group. i'm us have arrived in is the group includes 13 is really women and children in return. israel has released 39 palestinians. it was holding in. james, blended there of next our science magazine tomorrow of today, looked at why laughing gas is bad for the environment. i'm back with more news and 45 minutes. the

i actually ride the guides. no. the way around is strictly scientific trip to some pretty cheap places. curiosity is we tried the

shift your guide to life and attention to you know, the latest online trend, navigate your way through the digital jungle. global perspective will be you'll guide and show you what's possible. you decide what really message to you the taste we have a problem set in the us middle class income has fairly risen in the last 20 to 30 years at the same time. debt

keeps rising. don no, but this is tara t leads to higher unemployment and slows down. the economy was a guide. you were to look at the possible 300 trillion that, that trump dot december 9 on dw, the every top athletes works hard to ensure or their body performs. edits best some swear by hip notices, like this young athlete from switzerland who specializes in to cast law the he's convinced chip noses. kimberly's inner blockages that hold him back. that and more coming up on dw science. welcome to tomorrow today the

treasury year. now the monet, how mine has been working with actually unplugged, get a sports hypnotist. they tackle different topics in each session. today it's running its way to be closed, so i'm not happy without running the building. i know i can also run 260 or 245 opposition, but i'm always inhibited by certain fear or respect at the start. for i doubt if i can manage that times the loan on is low as she does or that always bothers you and races or go beyond. what do i put? i think it's something i always said to myself is a boy. it really annoys maple. it's basically a bad habit, thinks it from you, the beginning, the hypnosis access to it's i want you to prepare to drift sort of stone into a much deeper state of relaxation. and it's like after around 5 minutes, the more the a honda is physically and mentally relaxed and i had no thanks thomas.

you know now now it's time to stop the actual hypnotherapy. because i want you to allow the emotions that are inside you to become stronger and more intense. let your emotions come to the form of thrown away really to buy one eyes. what are you doing? was most running the old. how old are you? 9 or 10, so okay. how do you feel afraid is if i what are you afraid of just on the distance so far to run. yeah. just under here we go a how much developed a problem with another discipline? whole voting doesn't mean things seem to work anymore.

is supposed to be on. think about, let's have a piece failed 3 times. that is a starting height of 4 meters. 15 feet may 5th and see this head thought fun. let me get started after i saw a colleague of mine have an accident on the pole bones existence. it was certainly wasn't nice to watch it, but it became like a trigger a month later when things went badly on multiple junk point doesn't. even if i haven't injured myself or anything, but i kept thinking o dot good happened to me to see at once it was my confidence if operates or see how nothing was the same anymore. he's up a whole new account. let me see spark on the negative of nations with nothing. the athlete during poll bolting competitions. mean thought, i believe that mental strength means having the right emotions at the right moment and not the wrong lives. we'd greatly underestimate the huge influence that emotions have on our physical performance. i kind of thought that during the

therapy sessions he was able to as a come the problem to take notes in the notes. this doesn't take away. you know, there's no sort of tension that all the events i may have, but it kind of shows that the emotions you have about the disappear no negative, but the positive. so the name, of course there's nothing more that i succeed since then the now it how my wants to work on his 1000 me to races by neutralizing his fees and turning them into positive emotions. the a crazy thing going to feel your body's soaking up the will. the will to persevere that the strength as opposite of the ability to go to the absolute limit to push your body to the limit limits, putting the hosting it into the emotions which set on now very presence the thing.

but i also have to be able to do this myself. so the idea of thing would be to continue this at home to keep visualizing evidence. i like you said, fall before the race to focus on it. so you can get into the right emotion quickly and easily as you want. so anita has also used took notes as to discussing javan and events where he keeps for how things are perfect through his mind. more successfully following such as like when i'm under hypnosis and i'm watching the public pro and then internalize it. on the one hand i'm, there is a spectator of watching and on the other on the fro, i'm making the perfect ro, dival flip. and that's what i do. i visualize it over and over under hypnosis to internalize the techniques of consciously sneak the most tilting rigorous training the right diet and hypnosis. asemidonna

a hema. that seems to be the perfect combination. the emotions and the sub conscious play or find a role even for someone in a coma. many patients who are placed in an artificial coma suffer trauma symptoms later on. human interaction is perhaps especially important for small children. benyamin has been here for several months. he has a serious heart and lung condition for children like him and usually put into a deep coma after surgery. but then you mean was allowed to wake up, not long after his operation. his parents don't just sit at his bedside. they remove his breathing tube and drain mucus from his windpipe. they're actively involved in his cap. i'm from how much on him. i felt quite perhaps of doing it too

fast. and the more cables and cheeks are attached to your child, the more novice you feel about touching anything. we've talked to her a while ago back to its complement upside down. so if it was tied to my defensive helpless, as i said, we often styled has gone away, specifically happened over 9 months long as we started off just changing his nap and watching him. and then gradually we got into it. children's intensive care units are usually pretty quiet. that's because most children, us, the dated but at this clinic in the city of to begin doctors believe it's more beneficial for children to be able to interact with that parents. because studies show that being in a coma doesn't prevent emotional stress and vice and switching, i'm so dusty pets. we now know that kind of patients are aware of many, many things, including unpleasant things or something that they can't express themselves. so the

aim here is to see how much sedation do they actually need to know. we don't want them to suffer, but we do want them to be as awake as possible as soon as possible and provide the move yourself. we don't want to create and come to the doctors, it felt wrong to pump the children full of medication in the belief they wouldn't then feel anything. and we thought if this were our child, we would want to do things differently. so we started very gradually reducing the medication to see what would happen if the children bore more away. you can have a husband, they're breaking with a decades long practice. parents here can go in and out and touch that children and the children no matter how well on no longer and they're not official, come up to so long neck ups of liquid. and we had a lot of critics who weren't that the children would feel distressed, anxious, attends, and i'm just finding that in some cases it would be like torment for them. some tire of did faith and also that the children would endanger themselves if they were awake by pulling out

a breeding to bore some other important to you. and then be students who can see you haven't. we observed them very closely and found that didn't happen. on the contrary, i see them getting tests. we aim to have the children awake so that they know where they are and field oriented. seeing a child like that doesn't pull out of tube ties. this kind of stuff, holes, but critically ill children do need that. most of those who are conscious need more care and attention, then you say, what's the dated? so the hospitalized in florida therapeutic nurse who plays and talks to the children, especially when the parents come be that plus the psychologist who supports them. nothing stuff. and of course the parents don't seem to conduct was paid. the children are always because much as possible. and aware of what's going on time. and they meet the parents. but because the other people who, what carol strange is strange voices, strange homes and they change every few hours. the parents provide continue. it's a, it's a paradigm shift and particularly of excellence. they still need additional stuff

at a time when skills medical workers are in short supply. but the team will convince this approach will pay off in the long term. in the zone this michelle hill, it wouldn't cost more fun and we're investing a little more now in preventing long term problems. so that later we have healthy children and better adjusted families as a result of the state for me. and i'm so how having parents constantly on the board and very sick children expressing the needs is uncharted territory for them. nothing stuff too. but they say it's a big improvement. a plus so much trying to convince that this way the parents of children will be significantly less affected by post traumatic stress disorder stuff. and then i left where we're learning from it. and it's also fun to work with children her away because they show you what they need. we may have learned that fluid needs to be aspirated at such and such

a point. but we find actually the child doesn't need that right now, because of this. ok, savannah artificial coma is on sedation, can produce long term problems such as anxiety, sleep disorders, developmental delays, and weak muscles because the children don't move on to this. i'm not assessed. and then the other thing is when the children are awake, we use less medication and have fewer problems with drug withdrawal afterwards. and, and we also know that extended sedation can trigger a pediatric delirium. media obviously is not going to have serious long term consequences. the hospital has received almost 10000000 euros and research funding from the german government to test whether these methods can much use long term problems with children who are awake unsupported by the parents. in germany alone, $17000000.00 doses of anesthetics are administered every year. and did you know that anesthetic gases are more harmful to the climate than carbon dioxide?

the greenhouse gas and nitrous oxide, or laughing gas also plays a key role in depleting the ozone layer. in 1985, we were screwed and made csc guesses, have severely damaged cios and le gases from fridges, air condition isn't. half price had torn the massive fall into the shield, which protects us against uv radiation. 2 years later, countries around the world came together and then more than $100.00 substances responsible for the whole. and that saves the wage and major damage. today the ozone layer subtract to make a full recovery, largely due to the montreal protocol. just they ignore one things. nitrous oxide, better known as laughing gas. mm. this stuff is no joke. oh, yeah, it is in the past that can become now the largest remaining spec to the ozone layer

and could undo one of the biggest environmental successes that humanity is ever experienced. and as if that wasn't enough, it's also super potent greenhouse gas that makes global warming a lot worse. so why has no one talking about nitrous oxide and how can we stop this stuff from building up in our atmosphere? you probably know nitrous oxide from things that will kenneth this. but what is it into oh, is a colorless gas that's made up of nitrogen and oxygen? english kim is joel this priestly 1st synthesize that in $1772.00. and that the chemist just experimented with a gas and discovered that bracing it in makes you feel light headed. he called it laughing gas and the 19th century. nitrous oxide became a real hit at so cold laughing guest parties which were basically a bunch of rich people getting high on it. at one of these bodies, american dentists power as well as got the idea to inhale the gas as a pain killer. before having it tooth extracted. he introduced the method into medicine where it still is use today. and apparently it hasn't lost any of its

attraction as a potty direct either or has to do a thing is levels of nitrous oxide was stable for centuries, but the amount we pumped into the atmosphere has increased by a staggering 30 percent in the past. 40 years alone, there are many reasons for that, and we get to them. first, we need to understand why this much nitrous oxide and now what happens here is the problem. well, nitrous oxide, not only destroys the ozone layer, it also works as the greenhouse gas and trips the heat from the sun in the atmosphere is the 3rd most abundant greenhouse gas of to carbon dioxide and re sign . it's just no one really knows about it. somebody needs to be an advocate for the 3rd most important greenhouse gas. and so here i am ignoring it is a bad idea. it's around $265.00 times better a tripping heat than c o 2. and once it's in the atmosphere, it stays there for about $114.00. just accounting for about 6 percent of global

warming, which doesn't sound like a lot. but when we have such a small window to stay below 1.5 degrees, every single emission. so where does all of this nitrous oxide, india must see, or even come from around half of it comes from nature like forest oceans or so is this is inevitable. what's not inevitable. this global warming, the 100 gets to more excess the microbes than i was. so it's are nitrogen into nitrous oxide to mole nitrous oxide. we release the woman, the climate guess, tomorrow night or something. each time we release of the result of the really difficult situation to rebecca on top of that comes to nitrous oxide as humans release as a byproduct of bio bus, burning burning fossil fuels or waste water for example. or because we still use it at the dentist, but these are by far not the biggest players,

is the biggest source accounting for about 2 thirds of all human costs, nitrous oxide emissions. agriculture. humanity has this very complicated relationship with nitrogen to dispose of essential resource, right? our phone system does nothing without it. and at the same time, it is one of the biggest threats the environmental human health. when the, when it's us to the in find the good old days pharmacist when your to come 1st or times but find nitrogen to make their soil richer and nitrogen. but everything changed in the early 20th century. that's when german chemist talbot and chi bush invented a method that turned agriculture upside down. they later won the nobel prize for this. thanks to the so called how the process, it was suddenly possible to produce massive amounts of ammonia, fertilizer, and for massive amounts of nitrogen onto our trucks. in the last 60 is the amount of nitrogen fertilizer we use has increased 10 fold. this has made it possible to

feed a growing population just we're over doing it a bit. every year we spread more than a $100000000.00 tons of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer on our crops. but only about half of it makes its way into the plants. the rest is taken up by different microbes and the soil which turn it into nitrous oxide. among other things, the i pc estimates that for every 100 units of nitrogen applied at least one kilo is last as into o n. depending on where you are, it can be much more. we found it to be as high as 3 or 4 percent in the systems where we were in um, in the sort of north central iowa. but it's nitrous oxide goes out the side also takes in and binds carbon dioxide to the number one climate killer. couldn't that balance it out in any of these corners? so it'd be an agricultural systems the ongoing emissions of nitrous oxide from the soil to the atmosphere can have a much greater negative impact on climate. then the most optimistic

benefits that we might get by storing additional carbon. the other big players, the chemical industry accounting for around 14 percent of nitrous oxide emissions. here it comes as a byproduct when we make it to pick and nitric acid. we need these for producing nylon cars, fertilize this or explosives. in 2018, the biggest launch into us admitted into o equivalent to the carbon dioxide pollution from 2000000 cars. in the coming decades, emissions are expected to increase even more if they are more and more people on the planet, we need more food, make more waste and products. that's why we need to think about solutions as most human make. nitrous oxide emissions come from agriculture. this is where we can expect the greatest success. so it's inevitable that there will always be some nitrous oxide emissions. question is, can we kind of redesign our agricultural system to make it much,

much more efficient? and so that we can sort of the couple this food production always partially the couple, the food production from the nitrous oxide production, the biggest fix would be to waste less fertilizer. we should use just as much as needed when the crops needed. but we won't know what the right amount of nitrogen to apply is until the season is over. and so this is a real challenge for farmers, right? who have to, you know, maximize their long term income to say to stay in business. many farmers supply the nitrogen and fall off to the harvest. besides, it's easier to plough then into farm must have less to do, but has no concept growing. the nitrogen just sits there until the spring, and a lot of it is close to the environment. optimized for lies less can also help like adding nitrous occasion inhibitors that can slow down how quickly my troops transform ammonium for

a special coaching on the fluids lies that can delay the release of nitrogen in the cycle and make it available when the plants actually need it optimized for allies replications that i have the special intensive peals, but also for you to be beneficial in terms of nitrous oxide emissions. changing the way we farm can also help, like planting nitrogen, fixing krupps, rotating crops or applying to food lies as close to the roots as possible. sound straightforward. so why aren't all farmers doing this? tom is a very constrained and the decisions that they can make it constrained by regulatory forces. market forces, cultural forces, behavioral forces, knowledge courses, social forces, all of those actors shape would have found. it doesn't. this deal, as a farmer actually has a quite narrow decision making space. so it's complicated. what's much less complicated, reducing nitrous oxide emissions from industry. all we need to do is put these little things into smoke stacks. we're nitrous oxide process through. they act as

a catalyst and help break up nitrous oxide into di, nitrogen and oxygen foster. and they're extremely effective getting rid of almost all the nitrous oxide but not all companies do it. and there's in very few countries. is there really a legal requirement for them to do it? that's not a technological problem. it's not really even an economic problem. it's basically a political problem. it's policies are in place, they can be very effective. 13 years ago, countries into you implemented the nitrous directive. its goal was to protect water from nitric pollution. as a result, emissions from agricultural, sorry, was decreased by 21 percent. just policies like these are few and far between. we did a now analysis a couple of years ago of all of the nitrogen policies around the world and the county exist. one thing that shocked us in particular is that in agriculture, 2 thirds to 3 quarters of old policies incentivize or facilitate the commerce of

nice. if you think back to the montreal protocol, why didn't they include nitrous oxide and why don't they do it now? and they are reluctant to take on nitrous oxide because it comes from agriculture and because there are also some natural sources and then complicates the issue. so again, it's complicated. we're still trying to come up with solutions that work within the current system of production, which makes sense. we're going to need to continue produce a lot of foods for the well, we're not going to change the systems overnight for sure. but part of the scientific community is, responsibility should be in shining a light, showing us the waste boyd and what future was crude looked like in different scenarios. we will never be able to totally cut into o emissions, but reducing them is possible and urgently needed. read, why are right now over to you?

did you have a science question of your own and send it to where it says a video text or voice mail? if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thing here, the, this week's viewer question comes from p g in south africa. is there a difference between clouds and folks? physically speaking? no, because folk is nothing more than a cloud above the ground based consist of tiny voltage outputs floating in the these dropped fits of foamed one will to invest per rates from lakes, rivers, or ocean. the world today to close it rises and condenses. the main difference between salt and clouds is how high they are. if it's cold enough near the ground for roots of able to condense that plumes of visible max.

this happens most angleton and winter. as soon as the massive bolts of acreage strips our ability to see beyond the kilometer away a coolant smell. cool, other visible accumulations of water vapor cold clouds. scientists differentiate between a total of 10 types according to the around to jude pine level clout, also known as cirrus clouds. farmington altitude of 5 to 13, columbus because as it's very cold, the made up entirely of ice middle cloud storm between 2 and 7 kilometers above the ground. they include a type of cloud, noticed ulta, cumulus, low level, klaus a cub, a low, a height of 2 kilometers. so i'm like the straight discount a so close to the ground that that will be referred to as high folks. the best cool clouts extends over several

layers, like for example, the cumulus cloud, which also looks like a cauliflower at the top. the molten holes of the surface is typically covered by clouds. advice, clouds and folks play an important role and meet to urology. they regulate the schools to balance and have a big impacts on the climate. the whim minds about science bounce technology, that's like dw signs is now on take time. what's funny? why do gravitational the way that that is when the people begin getting high and laughing gas out the drums boogie to the beads and

what's the perfect king footboard find? find the on says gets most dw science own new tick tock channel. and that's it for this way. thanks for watching tomorrow. today. the dw science show. see you next time, the, the

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d. w. the, this is the w news line from berlin. 24 hostages fried from gaza, or back in israel. the former captives are taken to hospitals for checkups, children and elderly women are among those free more releases or expected on saturday. meanwhile, palestinian celebrates the return of $39.00 prisoners from each really jails. the women and teenage boys are freed in return for that is rarely hostages. 10 time nationals were among the hostages released from johnson.