on cash as i a texas father is really worldwide to work for free part of our time. like because we can take the different w to call the world, unpack pulse of your info and all the input u, v w story. now on to the, every top athletes works hard to ensure their body performs, edits best, some swear by hip notices, like this young athlete from switzerland who specializes in to cast law the he's convinced tip notices kimberly's inner blockages that hold him back that and more coming up on dw science. welcome to tomorrow today

a razor a year now, same on a headline, has been working with actually and, and get a sports hypnotist. they tackle different topics in each session. today it's running beautifully them. so i'm not happy with that run deal with them. i know i could also run 260 or 245, but i'm always inhibited by certain fear or respect to the start. the or i doubt if i can manage that times the loan on is low and she does, or that always bothers you and racing. this will be what do i put? i think it's something i always said to myself as a boy, it really annoys maple. it's basically about how that thanks. if i'm you, they begin the hypnosis access to it's i want you to prepare to drift sort of stone into a much deeper state of relaxation and it's like after around 5 minutes, the more the a honda is physically and mentally relaxed in

a hit no sex thomas, you know now now it's time to stop the actual hypnotherapy. close to i want you to allow the emotions that are inside you to become stronger and more intense. let your emotions come to the for my supervisor in 2 by one eyes. what are you doing? what's most running the old, how old are you? 9 or 10 so. okay. how do you feel afraid if i what are you afraid of? just on the distance. so far to run. yeah. just under a year ago, a how much developed to problem with another discipline, whole voting doesn't mean things seem to work anymore.

is supposed to be on thinkable is half of the piece failed 3 times. that is a starting height of 4 meters. 15 feed made tests in c. s head thought funding. i mean, we've been started after i saw a colleague of mine have an accident on the potable existence. it was certainly wasn't nice to watch it. but it became like a trigger a month later when things went badly on multiple jump. so he doesn't even if i haven't injured myself or anything, but i kept thinking, oh that's good, happened to me to see at once it was my confidence evaporates or see how nothing was the same anymore is up a whole new account. let me see spark on the negative the nations. we've been looking the athlete during poll volt in competitions and thought, i believe that mental strain means having the right emotions at the right moment and not the wrong lines. greatly underestimate the huge influence that emotions have on our physical performance. i kind of felt that way. during the therapy

sessions, he was able to overcome the problem to take notes in the notes. this doesn't take away your nervousness or tension that all the events may have, but it kind of shows that the emotions you have about that disappeared, no negative, but the positive. so the name of course there's nothing more that i succeed since then the now it how my wants to work on his 1000 me to races by neutralizing his fees and turning them into positive emotions. the, the basic, think of the single your body's soaking up the will. the will to persevere that the strength as opposite of the ability to go to the absolute limit to push your body to the limit limits, putting the,

closing it into the emotions which set on the very presence of thing. but i also have to be able to do this myself. so the ideal thing would be to continue this at home to keep visualizing evidence. i'd like you said fall before the race to focus on it. so you can get into the right emotion quickly and easily as you want. so anita has also used up know says to discuss some java and events where he keeps for how things are perfect through his mind more successfully for you such as like when i'm under hypnosis and i'm watching the public pro and then internalize it on the one hand i'm there is a spectator of watching, and on the other, on the pro, i'm making the perfect rows of l for, i'm not so what i do, i visualize it over and over and to hit most is to internalize the technique subconsciously make the move. so the new rigorous training,

the right diet and hypnosis, the monet hema, that seems to be the perfect combination. the emotions and the sub conscious play a vital role even for someone in a coma. many patients who are placed in an artificial coma suffer trauma symptoms later on. human interaction is perhaps especially important for small children. benyamin has been here for several months now. he has a serious heart and lung condition. children like him and usually put into a deep coma after surgery, but then you mean was allowed to wake up, not long after his operation. his parents don't just sit at his bedside. they remove his breathing tube and drain mucus from his windpipe. they're actively

involved in his cap as well. i'm from how much on him? i felt quite perhaps of doing it too fast. and the more cables and cheeks are attached to your child. the more nervous you feel about touching anything we've talked to awhile ago about to come with upside down. so if it was this guy to my defensive helpless, as i said, we often styled has gone away, specifically happened over 9 months long as we started off just changing his map and watching him. and then gradually we got into a children's intensive care unit. so usually pretty quiet, that's because most children, us, the dated but at this clinic in the city of tubing and doctors believe it's more beneficial for children to be able to interact with that parents. because studies show that being in a coma doesn't prevent emotional stress. and vice and switching, i'm so dusty pets, we now know that kind of patients are aware of many, many things, including unpleasant things or something that they can't express themselves. so the

aim here is to see how much sedation do they actually need to know if we don't want them to suffer. but we do want them to be as awake as possible as soon as possible from provided to move yourself. we don't want to create and come to the doctors, it felt wrong to pump the children full of medication in the belief they wouldn't then feel anything. and we thought if this were our child, we would want to do things differently. so we started very gradually reducing the medication to see what would happen if the children bore more away. you can have a husband that breaking with a decades long practice. parents, hey, i can go in and out and touch that children. and the children know not to how well on no longer and then not official come about the so long neck ups of leaky. we had a lot of critics who warned that the children would feel distressed, anxious, and tense. and i'm just trying to get, in some cases it would be like torment for them, some tire of did faith. and also that the children would endanger themselves if

they were awake, by pulling out a breeding to bore some other important tube unit. and then be students who can see you haven't come, we observed them very closely and found that didn't happen. on the contrary, i see them getting tests. we aim to have the children awake so that they know where they are and field oriented. at a child like that doesn't pull out a tube, scratched off holes, but critically ill children do need a lot of care. and those who are conscious need more care and attention then you say, what's the data? so the hospitalized in florida therapeutic nurse who plays and talks to the children, especially when the parents come be that plus the psychologist who supports them, nothing stuff. and of course, the parents buttons tend to keep those with the children are all quite as much as possible and aware of what's going on tired. and they need the parents. but because the other people who walk carol, strangers strange voices, strange homes, and they change every few hours, the parents provide continue. it's a, it's

a paradigm shift and particularly of excellence. they still need additional stuff at a time when skills medical workers are in short supply. but the team of convince this approach will pay off and the long term in the zone this michelle hill, it wouldn't cost more fun and we're investing a little more now in preventing long term problems. so that later we have healthy children and better adjusted families as a result of the state for me and, and for how having parents constantly on the war and very sick children, expressing that needs is uncharted territory for them. nothing stuff too. but they say it's a big improvement a plus so much trying to convince that this way the parents of children will be significantly less affected by post traumatic stress disorder stuff. and then i left where we were learning from it. and it's also fun to work with children who are away because they show you what they need. we may have learned that fluid needs

to be aspirated at such and such a point. but we find actually the child doesn't need that right now because of this up savannah. lots of visual comb is on sedation can produce long term problems such as anxiety, sleep disorders, developmental delays, and weak muscles because the children don't move on to this. i know that especially any other thing is when the children are awake, we use less medication and have fewer problems with drug withdrawal afterwards. and, and we also know that extended sedation can trigger a pediatric delivery on the policies. i'm not going to have serious long term consequences. the hospital has received almost 10000000 euros and research funding from the german government to test whether these methods can reduce the long term problems. with children who are a wage unsupported by the parents. in germany alone, $17000000.00 doses of anesthetics are administered every year. and did you know

that anesthetic gases are more harmful to the climate than carbon dioxide? the greenhouse gas and nitrous oxide, or laughing gas also plays a key role in depleting the ozone layer. in 1985, we were screwed and made csc gases have severely damaged cios and le gases from fridges, air condition isn't. half price had torn a mass of fall into the shield which protects us against uv radiation. 2 years later, countries around the world came together and then more than $100.00 substances responsible for the whole. and that saves the wage and major damage. today, the ozone layer on track to make a full recovery, largely due to the montreal protocol. just they ignored one things, nitrous oxide, better known as laughing. guess this stuff is no joke. well yeah, it is in the past that can become now the just remaining spec to the ozone layer

and could undo one of the biggest environmental successes that humanity is ever experienced. and as if that wasn't enough, it's also super potent greenhouse gas that makes global warming and a lot worse. so why has no one talking about nitrous oxide? and how can we stop this stuff from building up in our atmosphere? you probably know nitrous oxide from things that will kenneth this, but what is it into oh is a colorless gas that's made up of nitrogen and oxygen? english. kim is joel just briefly 1st synthesize that in 1772. and the chemist just experimented with a gas and discovered that bracing it in makes you feel light headed. he called it laughing gas in the 19th century. nitrous oxide became a real hit at so called laughing guest parties, which were basically a bunch of rich people getting high on it. at one of these bodies, american dentist power as well. it's got the idea to inhale the gas as a painkiller before having it tooth extracted. he introduced the method into

medicine where it still is use today. and apparently it hasn't lost any of its attraction as a potty direct either. or the school a thing is levels of nitrous oxide was stable for centuries, but the amount we pumped into the atmosphere has increased by a staggering 30 percent in the past. 40 years alone. there are many reasons for that, and we get to them. first, we need to understand why this much nitrous oxide and now what happens here is the problem. well, nitrous oxide, not only destroys the ozone layer, it also works as a greenhouse gas and trips. the heat from the sun in the atmosphere is the 3rd most abundant greenhouse gas of the carbon dioxide and re sign. it's just no one really knows about it. somebody needs to be an advocate for the 3rd most important greenhouse gas. and so here i am ignoring it is a bad idea. it's around $265.00 times better a tripping heat than c o 2. and once it's in the atmosphere, it stays there for about $114.00. just accounting for about 6 percent of global

warming, which doesn't sound like a lot. but when we have such a small window to stay below 1.5 degrees, every single emission. so where does all this? nitrous oxide, india, masvie or even come from around half of it comes from nature like forest oceans or so is this is inevitable. what's not inevitable. this global warming, the 100 gets to more excess the microbes than i was sorry to turn nitrogen into nitrous oxide. tomorrow night or salt side, we release the woman, the climate guess i'm tomorrow night or something excites me release of the result of the not the really difficult situation to rebecca on top of that comes to nitrous oxide as humans reduced as a byproduct of bio bus burning burning fossil fuels or waste water for example, or because we still use it at the dentist. but these are by far not the biggest

players is the biggest source accounting for about 2 thirds of all human costs, nitrous oxide emissions. agriculture. humanity has this very complicated relationship with nitrogen, it is both essential resource by our phone system does nothing without it. and at the same time, it is one of the biggest threats the environmental human health. when in the way it's supposed to be in by the good old days, pharmacist, mon, your composts, or times to find nitrogen to make their soil richer and nitrogen. but everything changed in the early 20th century. that's when german chemist talbot and chi bush invented a method that turned agriculture upside down. they later won the nobel prize for this. thanks to the so called how the process, it was suddenly possible to produce massive amounts of ammonia fertilizer and put massive amounts of nitrogen onto our truck. in the last 60 years, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer we use has increased 10 fold. this has made it

possible to feed a growing population just we're over doing it a bit. every year we spread more than a $100000000.00 tons of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer on our crops. but only about half of it makes its way into the plants. the rest is taken up by different microbes and the soil which turn it into nitrous oxide. among other things, the i pcc estimates that for every 100 units of nitrogen applied at least one kilo is last as into o n. depending on where you are, it can be much more. we found it to be as high as 3 or 4 percent in the systems where we were in the, in the sort of north central iowa. but it's nitrous oxide goes out the source also takes in and binds carbon dioxide to the number one climate killer. couldn't that balance it out in any of these corn? and so it'd be an agricultural systems the ongoing emissions of nitrous oxide from the soil to the atmosphere can have a much greater negative impact on climate than the most optimistic

benefits that we might get by storing additional carbon. the other big players, the chemical industry, accounting for around 14 percent of nitrous oxide emissions. here it comes as a byproduct when we make a depict and nitric acid. we need these for producing nylon cars. fertilize this or explosives. in 2018. the biggest blonds in the us admitted into o equivalent to the carbon dioxide pollution from 2000000 cars. in the coming decades, emissions are expected to increase even more. if they are more and more people on the planet, we need more food to make more waste and products. that's why we need to think about solutions as most human make. nitrous oxide emissions come from agriculture. this is where we can expect the greatest success. so it's inevitable that there will always be some nitrous oxide emissions. some question is,

can we kind of redesign our agricultural system to making much, much more efficient? and so that we can sort of the couple this food production always partially the couple, the food production from the nitrous oxide production, the biggest fix would be to waste less fertilize that we should use just as much as needed when the crops needed. but we won't know what the right amount of nitrogen to apply is until the season is over. and so this is a real challenge for farmers, right? who have to, you know, maximize their long term income to say to stay in business. many farmers supply the nitrogen and fall off to the harvest. besides, it's easier to plow then and the farm must have less to do. but has no cons, i growing the nitrogen just it's there until the spring, and a lot of it is lost as to the environment. optimized for lies less can also help, like adding nitrous occasion and habitus that can slow down how quickly my troops

transform ammonium. or especially the coaching on the fluids lies that can delay the release of nitrogen in the soil and make it available when the plants actually need it. optimized for allies, for applications that i have the a special incentive pos but also for you to be beneficial in terms of nitrous oxide emissions. changing the way we farm can also help like planting nitrogen, fixing krupps, rotating crops or applying the fruit. eliza, as close to the roots as possible. sounds straightforward. so why are an old farm us doing this? tom is a very constrained in the decisions that they can make it constrained by regulatory forces. market forces, cultural forces, behavioral forces, knowledge courses, social forces, all of those actors shape what have found that does on this deal. as a farmer actually has a quite narrow decision making space. so it's complicated. what's much less complicated, reducing nitrous oxide emissions from industry. all we need to do is put these

little things into smoke stacks. we're nitrous oxide process through they act as a catalyst and help break up nitrous oxide into di, nitrogen and oxygen foster. and they're extremely effective getting rid of almost all the nitrous oxide but not all companies do it. and there's in very few countries. is there really a legal requirement for them to do it? that's not a technological problem. it's not really even an economic problem. it's basically a political problem. it's policies are in place, they can be very effective. 13 years ago, countries into you implemented the nitrogen directive. its goal was to protect water from nitric pollution. as a result, emissions from agricultural, sorry, is decreased by 21 percent. just policies like these are few and far between. we did a now analysis a couple of years ago of all of the nitrogen policies around the world and the county exist. one thing that shocked us in particular, the agriculture,

2 thirds to 3 quarters of old policies incentivized or facilitates the commerce of nice. if you think back to the montreal protocol, why didn't they include nitrous oxide and why don't they do it now? and they are reluctant to take on nitrous oxide because it comes from agriculture and because there are also some natural sources and then complicates the issue. so again, it's complicated. we're still trying to come up with solutions that work within the current system of production, which makes sense. we're going to need to continue produce a lot of foods for the well, we're not going to change the systems overnight for sure. but part of the science of the community is, responsibility should be in shining a light, showing us the waste boyd and what future was crude looked like in different scenarios. we will never be able to totally cut into o emissions, but reducing them is possible and urgently needed. right

now over to you, did you have a science question of your own and send it to us as a video, text or voice mail? if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thing here, the, this week's viewer question comes from p g in south africa. is there a difference between clouds and folks? physically speaking? no, because folk is nothing more than a cloud above the ground based consist of tiny voltage drops that slight thing in the these dropped fits the phone when will to invest per rates from lakes rivers or ation. the water vapor cools as it rises and condenses. the main difference between salt and clouts is how high they are. if it's cold

enough, near the ground, for rule to vapor to condense that forms that visible max. this happens most an autumn and winter as soon as something must have hold of acreage structure ability to see beyond the kilometer away a coolant smell. cool. other visible accumulations of water vapor across clouds. scientists differentiate between a total of 10 types according to the around to jude pine level clout, also known as serious clouds farmington altitude of $5.00 to $13.00 columbus. because as it's very cold, the made up entirely of ice. the middle cloud phone between 2 and 7 kilometers above the ground. they include a type of cloud, noticed ulta, cumulus, low level clouts, a cub, and low a height of 2 kilometers. some like the straight discount a so close to the ground that that roughly referred to as high folks.

the best cool cloud 6 done day for several layers. like for example, the cumulus cloud, which also looks like a cauliflower at the top. the molten house of the surface is typically covered by clouds. advice, clouds and folks play an important role and meet urology. they regulate the schools to balance and have a big impacts on the climate the whim minds about science and technology. that's like dw signs is now on take time. what do you do for fun? why do gravitational ways? when did people begin getting high and laughing gas out?

the drums boogie to the beads. and what's the perfect king footboard find? find the on says gets most dw science own new tick tock channel. and that's it for this where you thanks for watching tomorrow. today, the dw science show, see you next time, the

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trap. december 9th, on the d. w the . this is dw news live from the israel and thomas extend the truth. as another group of hostages is freed from gaza to the 11 hostages released by hamas on now by israel. and in the west bank crowds welcome 33 palestinians released from prisons in israel. also coming up on the program, germany struggles to fill a 16000000000 euro hole in its budgets. offer a court rules that moving emergency pandemic money into a climate action fund was

a legal counsel that went up. so it's tells paul and.