say, because i just got on 65 last last your i years 3, right? one to 115. we're here to help you make up your mind. all the topics i'm much up to you from trouble to fixing new culture payment. let's say, well, well what can be done to reduce the funds? carbon footprint promised to phone and manage has fields. once you receive your slide start one form. it shows us the way how did cows to see this, the rounding? what do they see and see? how should people approach them? and animal feel naked guns be all close is to view the flow through the house eyes . why? of florida's manatees straightened with extinction. what's causing the numbers to

dwindle? is something missing? a marine biologist analyze as to what was the quote i see in the everglades to find the hello and welcome to tomorrow. today to d, w. science. agriculture may be responsible for some 15 percent of current level roaming levels, according to a study by new york's columbia university. it estimates that food production alone could cause the climate to boom by almost one degree by the year 2100 lisa. and it's lovely to blame this greenhouse gas is produced in the costs of room . and then plus stocks safely counts. we present of pharma who's trying to reduce his dairy farms called inputs,

a christa cook, and as a farmer who is constantly trying to improve in elaborate agricultural management process. not just to provide healthy feed for his cattle, but also to improve the quality of the soil underneath that we have grass white, clover red, clover, and herbs species. diversification is very important for humans build up. the bacteria don't feed on just one thing. humans building can only work with biodiversity. who am this building is just one part of this elliptic system in the kettle or at the center, twice a day, they move to another paddick with tall grass. and it has to be done at precisely the right time. the stocks are fresh, choose the food for the animals. everything is coordinated from the size of the area to the number of cattle and time. the grass and the product needs to be

flattened down, but not stripped. bare. they probably had left them there for just one day longer they would have eaten all the grass up, which might be a bad thing, but that's not what i want to happen. i want to preserve a mulch layer. here's the soil beneath the dead. flattened stock is always moist. the cattle contribute to this cycle by using their homes to stop on the grass, which causes the amount of homeless and the soil to increase. then organisms cause the biome after decompose binding with the carbon that plants consumed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis. and tony host is turning hummus accumulation into a source of income. kristof can have decided to participate in a private certificate trading scheme for each additional ton of c o. 2, that he binds using homeless build up, he will receive 30 years. the traders sold the certificates to regional companies that advertise their commitment to clement protection. but how is thomas build up

measured portion, ok, i'm just not is took a flight. it's measured per field, which is around $2.00 to $4.00. hector's $25.00 soil samples are taken from a depth of $25.00 centimeters and measured per gps. i don't know where these samples were taken from, otherwise that would throw a depos compost on each spot. after 3 years, we'll take more samples from the exact same spots. then we'll know whether it's humans has accumulated some help. it was all about how much the soil is a huge c o 2 reservoir and that means carbon farming has a lot of potential to combat climate change. at the same time, agriculture is also a major c o 2 emitter. the scientist at the treatment institute in brown spike have done the math decry costs, and it's very biggest sources of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture are nitrogen, nitrogen virtualization, which leads to nitrous oxide. and cattle which emit messing cattle in cows and

drained people. so it was that used to be p bugs that are now used as farm land and grassland together these are made around $100000000.00 tons of c o. 2 per year in germany. i enjoyed land a carbon farming which you must build up. all could compensate for 3 to 5000000 tons of this making good climate neutral, which shows that it's not just enough to build up a few mess. we also need to address these 3 major sources of greenhouse gas emission with some command, some type of discussed, even showing the con crystal which can is doing exactly that using natural feed additive, such as the horn pod, clover, and reward planting that grows and his meadows and pastors, he's reducing methane emissions from his capital. he tries to ensure that as much climate damage and gas is captured as possible. this straw for example, collects common newer in the barnes. this the newer plays

a central role and hummus. and so we will management this is our cat on the newer, and it's one of the essentials in our humans accumulation with us. and we convert them a new or into humorous which causes the bacteria and fungi to proliferate considerably . we can use this compos to inoculate our soil later on. it takes weeks from a newer to become good compost, the process as labor intensive and time consuming, but it is central to sustainable agriculture. christopher clipton hasn't used a quote on his farm since 2018 because breaking up his soil loses homeless in the process. when the compost is ready, then come the next steps that we use this to inoculate the soil and plants which then perform photos, synthesis, and eliminate carbohydrates from their routes, which then feed the bacteria in fungi in the compost so that they can continue to multiply and that's what creates the human more will his conversion be successful?

his green yields continued to fluctuate wildly. is this miss cloud up the legs not clear whether these methods will actually succeed in accumulating human, exposing farmers to a degree of risk. they have to pay in advance for the human analysis and then hope that a 2nd to analysis 3 or 5 years later will actually produce more humorous in which the certificates can compensate them for. but that's not a guarantee that this will actually work. lessons of i missed exact this disability from cindy yet for christopher to can. the certificates are a secondary concern for now. he has also begun to shift the way he practices agriculture because as an organic farmer, he doesn't use any fertilizers made from synthetic minerals. instead, he works of so called under, so in crops plant hybrids that he shows in the green field where the green mature is. it turns green again down here. and when we harvest the

grain, which left is a green lawn once again. so that's why the middle here become so green later on. this field is also designed to create hummus. a report from the 1st 3 year period is available, which lists the increases and decreases. and thomas plot by plot. wherever there's slurry, we've had a decrease in humus and wherever there's compost, we've had an increase. we've collected 1500 tons of c o 2, using you most accumulation. i honestly didn't expect that much using compos to in rich soil adjustments that have paid off for this farmer. and for the climate the duke house always do just what they told. no cows, a highly complex social and sent in things even if through as a breathing. we've tons for of them. and to milk machines with huge ideas that can

give up to 50 leases of milk per day. the house had a mind if the se cultivate friendships and have finally changed sciences. so to get along with them, you need to understand them young boldly to make his gets it goes mine on this coming to know past. my name is commander lopez and i'm 19 years old. i'm a wildlife filmmaker and photographer, so i'd like to understand animals better. wild animals interest me as well as photo genic unlikable ones like cows. but i'm not quite sure how to approach them. how should i communicate to the calendar that coming please? what does it mean when they lowered their head? how can i politely get a count to do something? what does moon mean? i'm going to an organic farm near bayman to find out these dairy cows belong to

a farmer. how are you to mean benny to advise is visiting as well. he's going to show me help ciao. see the world english one. i'm excited. let's see how can see the world. okay, here we go. first i bent my head the way a cow does when a grace is young. okay? so there's only a very small range that's actually in focus on being the which is on. i think what we built into the app is a wide field of vision like a 30 degree visual focus ahead. an ability to estimate distance right and left, but in the periphery, it's very blurry. corresponding to about 30 percent of our visual acuity. this field division allows cows grazing and meadows to get their bearings, but things get more complicated when they're inside their sheds,

farm or how your cabinet is going to try out. seeing the cow should the way his cows do. who fits? this must be the couch, sticks its head through here because it's curious. so if i try to do that, especially it's hard for me to figure out height. that's why i'm bent over like this. otherwise i'd bang my head, but i'm having difficulty engaging with here. it's all very blurry by having this panoramic perspective makes it very hard to do this here, but we should really finish. okay, so how was it? very interesting trying it in the middle was one thing. another trying it here in the stable coast don't see the world the way we do that. something we need to bear in mind as for how to get the couch to go in that particular direction. that's something to be learned later. first things 1st the best,

but what does move mean will be, where are you or i'm here, or i'm hungry or be helpful when you've worked with cows a while, since you start to recognize the different mood pages. who is often one of the many signals of a particular phase in the reading seasons, positive ones. how did cows communicate between themselves? just with moos and you under the as of otherwise the company can, most of the communication between cows is non verbal. ok. a bull that's defending its position to show its broadside, when you play or lower its head, to show off its horns to demonstrate that it's a threat and i didn't conform, don't come out and speak to being, it's put in service. uh, the whole me, the whole sky, smart in the state of hudson's outback. we made an expert on bovine body language

for a good deal, the key shows farmers had to deal with their herds, to avoid stress and avoid accidents. today though, he's teaching an amateur, me the how do i convey that? i come in peace, cisco to the things while it starts with how you arrive in the meadow. don't ever yell or wave your arms about titled gentle recognize fluid movements. and if so, if you're at the gate waving your arms around, if you'll start to stress them out and put them on this test with as the mentioned after. so let's talk to a man. and if so, how would they respond to the way i'm behaving? now base for new q 50, well i think your voice is calm and the main thing is to keep your movements come to equal with the district in the city or i. so it shows what i'm going to try and round them up to the let's see if it works up. i'm trying to get the cows moving calmly steadily. the way i've been told, but they're not remotely interested,

the not. so if you did well, you understood the techniques and went about it in a calm and steady fashion and didn't try to rush. it was super big, wasn't to say this reading list. and not that that. but now folks are depot, hasn't another task driving the black house, just the black ones out of the enclosure, the brown ones are supposed to remain inside the 1st of all, they get round it up. then they're divided into 2 groups. oops, one straight brown cow strays into the wrong group. we can live with that. so look what we've done with these. these ones are here. they didn't start to panic because

we avoided things getting hectic. so what we did was we steered them using their shoulder points. so why do we approach their top vertebrae sideways on so that it turns its head in my direction side. and when they increase the pressure, it will usually go in the direction that they had this turn towards any sunday in polk ever got this and know my father and what i end up with a coffee inside the cows have a personal zone. you enter it, the cat will try to get out of your way. so that's how you can steer them. this is where you want the car to go. imagine a lie and running sideways from their shoulders and then enter their personal zone behind it and nudge the cow forwards. leave the zone as soon as you can, thereby rewarding the cow. as soon as you cross the line, it stops moving. if you stay there, it changes direction. just how close you need to get to it is up to you and the cow

. as each animal responds differently. the farmers aren't the only ones who need to pay attention to cow behavior. if animals get worried, they can pose a bit of a thread, even to passers by. but if you treat cattle respectfully said, try to see the world from their perspective. you'll get on just fine. that's what i learned from my day on the 5. the biodiversity is probably the exciting, more rapidly than previous meetings, significantly more plants and animal species of space. and that's the conclusion of a survey of scientists from around the globe headed by the university of minnesota

to sit, i found that one and every 3 species could be endangered or extinct by the year. $2101.00. these, these that's already on district is the north american mounted. see over 1000 minus . he's died in florida last year alone. the everglades at the southern tip of florida. the biggest stretch of some tropical woodlands in the us. the this fresh water marshland is teeming with life. the everglades are a habitat for a wide range of flora and fauna. the region is home to extraordinary biodiversity, including manage to use their population, had been recovering after years in decline. 2 years ago, researches counting around 8000 of the marine mammals here. but since then,

there's been an unprecedented number of manage cavities for 10 years. pulse stewart or captain policies known around here has been taking visitors on tours of the everglades. he knows better than any one where to find amenities over here. little ripple in the water. but the gentle giant disappears quickly. we go down the canal and come back to to this one. steward steers the boat through the mangrove forest in the western everglades. he thinks we don't see him at this environment truly has not changed in, in visual for about 40000 years. i mean, he's looking for food. it's low tide,

manage. these aren't the only endangered species here. there are no 3000000000 fewer birds in the us and canada. then there were 50 years ago. over the past 10 years, we're seeing less and less birds are seeing a great reduction of mammals. small amount 80 percent are gone very concerning. the disruption of this echo system would be a terrible loss. these trees give off as much oxygen as a rain forest. they absorb as much carbon as a reinforce and they have all this change or, or be destroyed. i think if we would suffer dramatically with climate change, the human population of florida is booming. all the new arrivals need somewhere to live. new housing developments are encroaching on the natural landscape. then we spot an alligator. it's about $1040.00 or $10.00 to $12.00 foot. one of the

biggest alligators i've seen down here that doesn't alter the fact that this unique ecosystem is under threat. future right now. we better get on it because time is running out. there really is no manager to sightings today. we head over to the other side of the everglades to visit professor bryan lapointe. one of florida is leading ocean researchers and an expert on this fragile eco system. last year we lost over a 1000 manatees. it was a record year for a man at t mortalities. and a lot of that was due to the start of ation of the man and t, due to the fact that the c grasses had all but disappeared. manatees are continuing to die at an alarming rate. that's due in part to pollution from wastewater treatment plants. many homes on the indian river lagoon aren't connected to the

central sewer, but have septic tanks. the, the waste water. it goes down into the soil and then moves through the soil and groundwater into the indian river lagoon or adjacent water bodies. it results and outbreaks of algae that lock light causing sea grass loss and vac deprived some a re life, including manatees, of a vital food source, that is the primary food source for the man, etc. and so now that the sea grasses are gone, the manatees are starving to death. these developments are nothing new national story programs, the unseen menace is all about septic tanks. so this was done and as i said, florida today, 1997. and we knew way back then that the lagoon was already

showing signs of a septic tank. pollution and problems. fish kills but nothing happened. so this has been going on for a law for decades. yeah. as nothing else. nothing, not very little. i mean smalls, baby steps have been done, but nothing on the scale of what the problem requires. so we really need, you know, billions of dollars and a lot of time now to correct the problem in the engine room. will it go? lots of diversity happens for a reason, and once a species goes extinct, it's lost forever. if ever, blood is red, why are they now it's your turn. do you have a question about science? send it to us via video, text or voice message. if we onto your question on the show, we'll send you

a little surprised as a thank you. come on just dos. this week's question comes from e. s. terrace. the why do some fish have stripes? while others have spots? fish has been around for hundreds of millions of years. today, these water dwellers come in a huge variety of colors and patterns. and now scientists can use molecular biology to examine exactly how this happened. the clips are particularly interesting for researchers because they have developed into a huge number of subspace ease with very different shapes and patterns in africa's lake victoria evolution happened at an amazing phase. within a few 1000 years, 500 new species of sick with emerged. all this diversity can be true is to back to

see ancestors that migrated from neighboring lakes. there are a number of different habitats in lake victoria, and the sick lives adapted to them. those that live among aquatic plants have developed camouflage, with vertical straits. well, those that live in open water have horizontal stripes which are beneficial when fish or swimming unprotected. the stripes make it difficult for predators to focus on a single fish. evolutionary biologists from constants in southern germany revealed the secret to how the sick looks. different patterns came about a long series of experiments brought in males with vertical stripes together with 5 emails, with horizontal stripes. none of the resulting of spring had horizontal straight the these fish were then put

together in groups with one male and several females. each. a quarter of their off spring had for santo straits the this happens only when it's a good inherits the stripe gene from both parents in might've sick lives. the different coloring is probably caused by a so called jumping teen minus eclipse are usually all born with dirt coloring those but the jumping gene then turns orange yellow, or even white as they develop the. the color change from dark to golden occurs when cells containing the dark pigment, melanin die off in the fish a skin. in reality, it's a discoloration caused by the jumping team that alters how proteins are produced in the scales. the researchers habits investigating how patterns and colors develop in fish for more

than a 100 years. but there are still many mysteries to be solved the that's it for this edition of tomorrow today. glad you can join us and hope to see you again. next time. pennsylvania state, curious by the

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