the gentleman was c w plus or emphasizing the award winning offer is available worldwide. every language level. reading gentleman has to go to the radio telescopes and house to listening to what's going on in the states. they search for signals that originate many light years from, with the help and international research team has now discovered a new form of gravitational ways. it's certainly in recent years that we've been able to imagine such waves directly that and coming up on tomorrow today. welcome to the dw science

and we have detected gravitational waves we did. it was in february 2016 of the research and succeeded in detecting a gravitational ways. so the 1st time produced by something that was long considered impossible. in 2023 research shows that the max punk institute for radio astronomy, the chief, something no less spectacular. for the 1st time they discovered not showed, but very long gravitational ways to measure them. they needed a device that is larger than the much larger forces into many is a research instrument is essentially the size of the milky way. uh, when we look at light sources spread across the galaxy that are hundreds to thousands of light years away from the light sources that we called post largest ones. and we try to use our method to register the fluctuations and the distances to these and close our ends, you get points out. and then, so if it gets to you, then the size of the milky way compare that to a tunnel several kilometers long,

which was low enough to detect the 1st limitation of waves in 2015. this total was compressed and stretched by less than the diameter of an atomic nicholas on the whole process. last a, just a few seconds. short brother taishan waves created when 2 black holes over at each other and finally, much only for a few seconds saw the resulting gravitational waves powerful enough to be registered on this. but back in the 19 ninety's me showed him and his colleagues set out to discover a completely different type of gravitational way, the gravitational long way. it was anything but such and that they would find it. but they had a legend re telescope to assist them. the f of book radio 10, escape in germany's western eiffel region, measuring a 100 meters across it's been in operation for decades. updates is continually on active in searching for gravitational long lights. the physical therapist by the

telescope and impulse america has provided the longest buddhist set and worldwide in this experiment it happens that most if we've been recording data since 1995 and monthly and weekly intervals, and that has never been interrupted now. and so it forms the backbone of this experiment, at least at the european level. if not world wide sites have been shred for the actual stake radio telescope looks the special stars cold poll phones that emit radio light waves at regular intervals like a lighthouse. if a long rotational wave passage between the stalls and the telescope over many years, the distance between us and the style changes delaying the light weights a rifle on it. that's how the long gravitational waves were discovered. that created when 2 super massive black holes will be to each other. the mass is billions of times greater than a sun. discussing this interview, the black clothes that we look at have orbital periods of 10 or 20 years. so in

order to be sure that what you're seeing really is such a system, you have to absorb it for a long time and angular type. we call it detection in slow motion. yeah. and if i, e, our signal builds up slowly and becomes more and more significant. and you have to be patient to come and look long enough until you are sufficiently convinced and that the signal you're seeing is really real. it's why when will happen something. now this one is the toughest to help you out of the essence, but on china is powerful but not sufficient. tony, so a whole network of radio telescopes was organized across europe. this network is now listening in on the black coal smoke tools, so to speak. sure have nice as a medicine, so i like to compare it to a cocktail tardy and, and tom is to, so you have couples talking to each other all over the place, easy. we bought homes and then there's that general hum of conversation throughout the room and comes in a group is coordinates a couple of years ago. and we started hearing something from pa, yeah. now we know that systematic,

i will see that there are people talking with the doctor. we can't get distinguished all the snippets of conversation stuff by law. it isn't, but hopefully in a few years time will be able to discern some of the conversations and pion come at the end suppression things christ. in addition to the actual spec, telescope is the most important part of the european network, studying gravitational weights. similar experiments are underway on other continents. in june 2023, they all and failed. the results with the buying, the long waves were identified. now they're being studied. we knows that the universe is expanding. but how is that happening? that's one of the questions that the new european space telescope euclid aims to onsite launched in july 2023. its task is to create a 3 d map of i'll come off cape canaveral on july 1st

2023. a textbook launch of a space, x rocket, caring the you could telescope into space. the point at which euclid was to begin its precision measurements was one and a half 1000000 kilometers away. that's 3 times further than the moon. stage separation from the 1.2 ton telescope pieces away from the earth and the sun shield protects it from the heat of the sun's rays. keeping the telescope cool, and protected from bright light helps to obtain sharper images. the primary mirror measures 1.2 meters across and allows euclid to look at galaxies, up to 10000000000 light years away. it will be studying dark matter and dark energy, which influence galaxies that are causing the universe to expand ever faster. dark matter is invisible, but can be observed by its gravity ational effect on galaxies. usually it is very

special because this camera will have such as precise accuracy in terms of how we understand the way the camera works is we'll actually be able to measure the shapes of the galaxy. we know the gravity. i just need to store the sights of galaxies and so will be able to understand how my affects galaxies and expansion. euclid will take several $100000.00 images precisely, mapping out around a 3rd of the cosmos. the cheaper the telescope looks into space, the further it can see back into the past. so the photos are not only a current snapshot, but also the documents. how large structures in the universe developed, including galaxies and galaxy clusters, as well as the vast filaments of dark matter that draw them together? their dynamics will provide information about the dark side of the universe. euclid

is tasked with answering 5 questions. how is dark matter distributed throughout the universe? how did the expanding universe evolve over time? what does that tell us about the characteristics of dark energy? has proportions of dark energy changed over time? how did the universe is large scale structures for more than 3 and a half 1000 people from 21 countries are working on the euclid project. the european space agency or essay is overseeing it. the 1400000000 euro mission should give us a better understanding of the universe. the quality of the eclipse 1st images has been impressive. the photo still won't tell us what dark matter actually is. but knowing how it's distributed in space will provide an important basis for further research into what is probably the greatest mystery of the universe. of hundreds of scientists now

eagerly await you clicked insights into the cosmos. it will then take years to analyze the data and now is it to you think you have a science question, send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer your question on the shows, we'll send a small gift as a thank you. this week's question comes from daniel fernando. as in columbia, can you see this dos when the surface of the moon? on a clear night here on is the sky is lifted with countless stones the but if we were in a big city, we only see a few because our surroundings are 2 bright. it's the same when there's

a full moon on its light out shines everything else if we're in a job pace, on the other hand, we see many stones twinkling. not twinkling is closed, body is going to see when the starlight passes through the atmosphere, it hits names of different temperatures and is diffracted. busy the moon has no atmosphere. that means the night of the sun shines on him to the surface. illuminating it bright be. areas in shadow, remain extreme. the dog, historical associates of minds, missions to the moon, show the apollo, asking also against the backdrop of a black sky, a sky without stars. that raise questions about whether the estimate what should really be to them in or whether the whole thing was staged. as much

later that could be a space pro also showed a black sky. it's simply because the earth and your assistance of the moon is so bright. the cameras couldn't pick up stones just like in the city when most of the stars are no longer visible. in 1972 astra notes on the apollo 16 mission photographs, the earth and this guy from the moon in ultra violet light. the images are listed with bright, don't saw stars. so they can be seen from the moon. and you actually have an unobstructed view of them, just like on the international space station, which floats above the s it must be it. so for that reason, the stalls don't appear to twinkle like they do down here on the will we always have in us from which we can gaze at the sky,

given the move in 12000 nuclear weapons that still exist worldwide. it's a legitimate question. we haven't even managed to achieve the hope to meet via weapons testing. we can monitor this easily thanks to a well like network of measuring stations that register every cause that test. we visit one such listening in germany. this facility is located close to germany's border with the check republic and austria. lar serrano from the institute for geosciences in hanover, comes here once a year to do maintenance work. the station was built in the 1980s to monitor the soviet union, nuclear weapons tests. these days the focus is on countries like north korea and china. this is a steam is indeed deadlock, a x v systems can. i don't, if i explosions very accurately, did,

pinpointing their location and measuring their strength, wisconsin to steam. this thought towards that nonsense ex boy is detected and a den, a fide every, an authorized test since 1996 and in the surroundings very in forest shops like this one conceals sized monitors. opening the chef is strictly forbidden, under normal circumstances. but today these devices are switched off, ready for maintenance. so they're located at a depth of 5 meters on granite rocks where they can detect even the smallest trimmers into horizontal directions and vertically messing yeah, within we have 26 sized monitors here. measuring tremors in the earth and the 5 been so if an earthquake or explosion occurs somewhere in the world, it will limit vibrations to know if those vibrations are strong enough. they'll be picked up here. this project that the last nuclear weapons tested north korea

released vast amounts of energy just like in an earthquake. the tremors travels quickly through the earth's core and more slowly along the surface. after just 11 minutes, the alarm sounded here in hand over at the german government's 1st quake center. this is where the signal is from the measuring stations and the bavarian forest and elsewhere are recorded. the strength of the tremors and their precise location can be pinpointed exactly. and we have 6 in stock as if we had a powerful size more logical event. right now, we would see something like what we have here indicating perhaps weaker events. so we have a horizontal line here and what this means that all the stations registered a lot of energy at the same time. it's back to the measuring station and the variance forest state of the art in for sound systems are also located in the surrounding woods. they verify the seismic measurements with additional readings.

these instruments are well hidden, so lar serrano has trouble finding them. look upon their so well camouflage to come then you can only see the individual measuring points once you're standing right in front of them. 100, some it's vivian. so even we who know where they are and can't just spot them and passing through each one comprising $96.00 steel tubes lying on the ground and pointing in every conceive will directions they can detect the smallest changes in air pressure such as those caused by nuclear weapons test, this is open an eye listen via using these inlet. we measure the air pressure at this point here. this, this air pressure say don't then passes through the stainless steel pipe system. we're measuring low frequency sound here. so that's in for sound waves that humans can't here with frequencies of 4 hertz or less, sometimes for up to minutes at a time of using for sound waves. because they have such

a low frequency can travel over a very, very long distances. so tens of thousands of kilometers the solitude and tranquillity of this border region make it an ideal locations for the measurements . they take place around the clock. underground tests are registered just like earthquakes. the seismic events are recorded and analyzed by over 300 such measuring stations worldwide. and it's not i constructed. so if an event takes place, we have for 5 or even 10 or 12 of these measuring stations that have picked it up. and they all show the direction it came from. so we can locate where they cross can pinpoint the location precisely no test the. the last underground nuclear weapons test carried out by north korea in 2017 triggered equate measuring 6.4. on the richter scale, in the past 25 years, only the united states, india,

pakistan and north korea have carried out such tests. in theory, they're banned by an international treaty, but it's never come into force. still lar serrano believes it's important to monitor these activities and make every test public easiest to stay in. this system makes the world safer food. when takes about it's making a significant contribution towards one day having a world free of nuclear weapons. i, you know, come down and, and even if you say the cold war because of which used to be your motivation so is over. it's, of course, still an important color of global security policy, especially in today's world that globe binds the sides pretty take. and it could become even more important if some countries, once again, start testing nuclear weapons. due to note that access to quantum computers is, is as restricted as the trade in weapons. great new materials. this is to ensure

that quantum computers don't fall into the wrong hands because the technology is set to be able to crack all encryption codes worldwide, should it finally function is intended. that's one reason why many countries are investing billions to finance the development of this technology with china leading the way by 2020 to aging, had some $15.00 us dollars into quantum computing. other industrialized nations are often investing heavily, but how do these machines actually look? that says loans, quantum computers look more like a launch refrigerated barrel. not exactly spectacular. the secret lies within a quantum computer has to be tucked incredibly cold, freight super conducting components to work that code quantum date. so cubits especially. they need cooling system laser policies, uncontrolled technology,

a computer like this will probably never grace an office desk, but it's cubits can do way, mold and conventional. but normally these computers are kept under lock and key. ibm research center in switzerland. we get to have a sneak peak at one from a mazda they showed other k now. so this is a quantum computer who the heck, the moment it's kind, it doesn't have a processor on it right now that you want me to input and then they'll will be loaded from below. then is the actual quantum processor. acid of us makes a what you see here and see what is the refrigerator capable of cooling down to what we call absolute 0 toyota, which is minus 275 degrees celsius at all, and say the seals and foss, new tubing. this helps to shield the processes from outside influences to understand of quantum computers. what you have to do is deep into the world of the smallest particles,

the item. it's the world of quantum mechanics. a strange will nice, disturbing wells. that's fascinating to hear. everything is constantly in motion overlapping on often in several places at once. it's hard to growth quite literally, because as soon as you try to measure something here, the quantum states dissolve. so you 1st have to learn how they work. in the past, we only familiar with conventional bids which are electrical circuits with transistors that can either be 041. this digital well can be wired logically. what each circuit is processed in sequence one off to the other very quickly, but always one off to the other. in the quantum computer bits become cubits. they can be manipulated by a microwave or laser pulses, thus described many most dates than just one or see right. in the

so called superposition, a cubit and can be one on 0. but the same time an old states between the it's rather like a spinning coins. as long as it's spinning the decision is open. only when you measure this the cubic choose one of the 2 conventional states. unacceptable will help illustrate what this means in practice. a computer resolves to find the most direct code in a complex system. a conventional computer works to old possible pulse, one of to the other. the more complex the task, the longer it takes, a quantum computer with its connective cubits, can try out all the possible path symbols heinously, and still find the best route much more quickly. but it says i can the so now you've learned about 2 important properties for quantum computer, technically

a 1st to superposition law. so you can be in 2 states at the same time on policy. but the other thing is with it. and if you have more cubits, and this leads to an extreme increase in the number of possibilities that you can look at simultaneously, i'm going to stick long. this is called quantum parallelism going to be on that makes the quantum computer is very powerful and very fast. i'm off position as hard as the possibilities of this quantum parallelism iris standing. so one cubic in superposition can describe 2 states simultaneously. a 0 on a one with 2 cubits that increases to full state the combinations 0 and 00110 on 11. each additional cubic doubles the number of possible civil, tiny states. so with 3 cubits the 8 combinations. with full

it's 16. it increases exponentially. a system with 10 cubits can already make use of 1024 states. symbols heinously with 20 cubits. that number rises to over 1000000 with 33 cubits. you could execute operations on most states, and they're all people on this. with a 166 cubits it's mold and all the items on this, on with 279 cubits, you could work symbols, heinously. what about as many states as there was supposed to be items in the entire universe, 971 step to invite intel in an unimaginable number with a 27 digits. so quantum parallelism makes extremely complex computing possible. but what could quantum computers best be useful stuff on zone or a specialist in quantum algorithms says that's suitable for highly complex

simulations with almost in this possibilities by speed of the examples could include carbon seaquest ration. so is this extends to the development of synthetic fuels. first thing, we don't know how to make them more energy efficient testimony. so the examples often relate to energy efficiency. again, this kind of that concludes the development of new catalyst, or a better understanding of chemical processes and no other examples include the development of new drugs that work better. and we do have a more targeted effect and fewer side effects. for example, in the long term, that's a possible application that could have a huge impact on society to this claim. and i was off because i talked talking kind of taking the example of medicine. imagine every person receiving their own personal medication tailored to the illness and to them. quantum computers could calculate what that would need to look like. for agriculture, quantum computers could make farming green us by helping to optimize the production of ammonia making the production of fertilizer,

most sustainable and in logistics. initially, experiments are already underway and extremely busy polls and los angeles. quantum like systems have optimize the handling of containments. that's helping to save a lot of money on results is so phone one to computers austin and their infancy. but that potential is huge. we're mad about science technology. that's like d, w. science is now on take. what you want to gravitational way is that that is when the people begin getting high and laughing gas out the drums boogie to the beads. and what's the perfect king footboard find?

find the on says gets most dw signs on new, tick tock channel. and that same for today, thanks for watching tomorrow or to date the dw sign show. see you next time the the the

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