we've got some hot tips for your package. the romantic code is spots affinities. check on some great cultural memorials to be w travel the. 6 radio telescopes and how is to listening to what's going on in the states. they search for signals that originate many light years from us. with the health, an international research team has now discovered a new form of gravitational ways. it's certainly in recent years that we've been able to imagine such waves directly that and coming up on tomorrow today. welcome to the dw science show.

we have detected gravitational waves. we did. it was in february 2016 of the research and succeeded in detecting a gravitational way for the 1st time produced by something that was long considered impossible. in 2023 researches at the mustang institute for radio astronomy, the chief something no less spectacular. for the 1st time they discovered not showed, but very long gravitational ways to measure them. they needed a device that is larger than this. much larger. this forces into many is a research instrument is essentially the size of the milky way. uh, when we look at light sources spread across the galaxy that are hundreds to thousands of light years away from these light sources that we called pulse are just, and we try to use our method to register the fluctuations. and the distances to these posts are, is, it puts out and then, so it gets to them the size of the milk you a since had lots to a tunnel,

several kilometers long, which was low enough to detect the 1st limitation of waves in 2015. this total was compressed and stretched by less than the diameter of an atomic nicholas and the whole process lost it just a few seconds. short rotational waves created when 2 black coals opened each other and finally much only for a few seconds and found the resulting gravitational waves powerful enough to be registered on this. but back in the 1990s, michele, tom and his colleagues set out to discover a completely different type of collaboration of ways, the gravitational long way. it was anything but such and that they would find it. but they had a legend re tuscola to assist them. the f of book radio telescope in germany's western eiffel region, measuring a 100 meters across its been in operation for decades, updated continually on active and searching for gravitational long waives the

physical therapist by the telescope. and apples very just provided the longest buddhist set worldwide. in this experiment happens, i've noticed we've been recording data since 1995 and monthly and weekly intervals, and that has never been interrupted. and so it forms the backbone of this experiment, at least at the european level. if not world wide sites have been shred for the actual stake radio telescope looks best special stars, cold poll phones that emit radio light waves at regular intervals like a lighthouse for a long rotational wave passage between the stalls and the telescope. over many years, the distance between us and the style changes delaying the lightweights a rifle on it. that's how the long gravitational waves were discovered. that created when 2 super massive black coals over to each other, the mass is billions of times greater than a sun. the spots in this interview, the black holes that we look at have orbital ridge of 10 or 20 years or so. so in

order to be sure that what you're seeing really is such a system, you have to absorb it for a long time and angular type. we call it detection in slow motion with i. e. our signal builds up slowly and becomes more and more significant. all right, and you have to be patient to come to and look long enough until you are sufficiently convinced and that the signal you're seeing is really real. that's why when will happen something. now this one is the toughest, isn't for you out of the essence, but i'm trying to is powerful but not sufficient. tony, so a whole network of radio telescopes was organized across here at this network is now listening in on the black coal small talk. so to speak. sure, have nice as a medicine, so i like to compare it to a cocktail tardy. baton is special. you have couples talking to each other all over the place, the, the white homes. and then there's that general hum of conversation throughout the room and comes in a group is quoting a couple of years ago, and we started hearing something from pa, yeah. now we know that systematic,

we see that there are people talking with the we can't yet distinguish all the snippets of conversation stuff by law. it is in, but hopefully in a few years time will be able to discern some of the conversations and pion come. i got a hunch question and things question. in addition to the esl spec telescope, it's the most important part of the european network. studying gravitational weights, similar experiments underway on other confidence. in june 2023, they all and failed the results with a buying the long waves where identified now they're being studied. we knows that the universe is expanding. but how is that happening? that's one of the questions that the new european space telescope euclid aims to onsite launched in july 2023. its task is to create a 3 d map of our custom of cape canaveral function. life 1st

2023, a textbook launch of a space x rocket appearing the you could tell the scope into space. the points at which euclid was to begin it's precision measurements was one and a half 1000000 kilometers away. that's 3 times further than the moon. stage separation from the 1.2 ton telescope pieces away from the irs and the sun shield protects it from the heat of the sun's rays. keeping the telescope cool, and protected from bright light helps to obtain sharper images. the primary mirror measures 1.2 meters across and allows euclid to look at galaxies, up to 10000000000 light years away. it will be studying dark matter and dark energy, which influence galaxies under causing the universe to expand ever faster. dark matter is invisible, but can be observed by its gravitational effect on galaxies. you can,

it is very special because this camera will have such as precise accuracy in terms of how we understand the way the camera. what is it will actually be able to measure the shape of the galaxy? i'm, we know the gravity. i just need to store the sites of galaxies. and so we'll be able to understand how my affects galaxies and expansion. euclid will take several 100000 images. precisely, mapping out around a 3rd of the cosmos. the cheaper the telescope looks into space, the further it can see back into the past. so the photos are not only a current snapshot, but also the document how large structures in the universe developed, including galaxies and galaxy clusters, as well as the vast filaments of dark matter that draw them together. their dynamics will provide information about the dark side of the universe. you for this

task with answering 5 questions. how is dark matter distributed throughout the universe? how did the expanding universe evolve over time? what does that tell us about the characteristics of dark energy? has proportions of dark energy changed over time? how did the universe is large scale structures form more than 3 and a half 1000 people from 21 countries are working on the euclid project. the european space agency or essay is overseeing it. the 1400000000 your own mission should give us a better understanding of the universe. the quality of new clips. first images has been impressive. the photo still won't tell us what dark matter actually is. but knowing how it's distributed in space will provide an important basis for further research into what is probably the greatest mystery of the universe. hundreds of scientists now

eagerly await you clicked insights into the cosmos. it will then take years to analyze the data and now of it to you, do you have a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer your question on the show, we'll send a small gift as a thank you. this week's question comes from daniel fernando. as in colombia, can you see this dogs when the surface of the moon on a clear night air on is the sky is liquid with countless stones. but if we were in a big city, we only see a few because awesome, right?

and things are too bright. it's the same when there's a full moon on its light out shines everything else. if we're in a job paste, on the other hand, we see many stones twinkling. that twinkling is caused by the atmosphere. when the star light passes through the atmosphere, it hits names of different temperatures and is diffracted. the moon has no atmosphere. that means the night of the sun shines on hinges on the surface, illuminating it bright be. but areas in shadow remain extreme the dog. historical footage of minds missions to the moon show the apollo, asking also against the backdrop of a black sky, a sky without stars that raise questions about whether the estimate what should really be to them in or whether the whole thing was staged much

later that could be a space proved also showed a black sky. it's simply because the earth and the assistance of the moon is so bright. the cameras couldn't pick up stones just like in the city with most of the stars and no longer visible. in 1972 astra notes on the apollo 16 mission photographs, the earth and this guy from the moon, in ultra violet light. the images are listed with bright, don't saw stars, so they can be seen the mean. and you actually have an unobstructed view of them, just like on the international space station, which floats above the s it must be it. so for that reason, the stalls don't appear to twinkle like they do down here on the will we always have in us from which we can gaze at the sky,

given the move in 12000 nuclear weapons that still exist worldwide. it's a legitimate question. we haven't even managed to achieve a hope to meet the weapons testing. we can monitor this easily, thanks to a well like network of measuring stations that register every kind of test we visit one such listening in germany. the facility is located close to germany's border with the check republic and austria. lar serrano from the institute for geosciences in hanover, comes here once a year to do maintenance work. the station was built in the 1980s to monitor the soviet union, nuclear weapons tests. these days the focus is on countries like north korea and china. this is a steam, is it in deadlock, a x v systems can i don't if i explosions very accurately pinpointing their

location and measuring their strength. wisconsin, his theme is thoughtful. that nonsense ex boy is detected in a den, a fide every, an authorized test since 1996. and you can see it in the surroundings very in forest shops like this one conceals sized monitors. opening the chef is strictly forbidden, under normal circumstances. but today these devices are switched off, ready for maintenance. so they're located at a depth of 5 meters on granite rocks where they can detect even the smallest trimmers into horizontal directions and vertically messing yeah, within we have 26 sized monitors here. measuring tremors in the earth and the 5 been so if an earthquake or explosion occurs somewhere in the world, it will limit vibrations to if those vibrations are strong enough, they'll be picked up here. yet that last nuclear weapons tested north korea

released vast amounts of energy just like an earthquake. the tremors traveled quickly through the earth's core and more slowly along the surface. after just 11 minutes, the alarm sounded here in hand over at the german government's 1st quake center. this is where the signal is from the measuring stations and the bavarian forest and elsewhere are recorded. the strength of the tremors and their precise location can be pinpointed exactly. and we have 6 in stock as if we had a powerful size more logical event. right now, we would see something like what we have here indicating perhaps weaker events. so we have a horizontal line here and what this means that all the stations registered a lot of energy at the same time, back to the measuring station and the variance forest state of the art in for sound systems are also located in the surrounding woods. they verify the seismic measurements with additional readings. these instruments are well hidden,

so lar serrano has trouble finding them look upon their so well camouflage to come, which is you can only see the individual measuring points once you're standing right in front of them. 100, some it's vivian. so even we who know where they are, can't just spot them in passing. as each one comprises $96.00 steel tubes lying on the ground and pointing in every conceivable direction, they can detect the smallest changes in air pressure, such as those caused by nuclear weapons test. this is open them. i listen via the using these inlet. so we measure the air pressure at this point here, this, this air pressure signal then passes through the stainless steel pipe system. we're measuring low frequency sound here. so that's in for sound waves that humans can't here with frequencies of 4 hertz or less. sometimes for up to minutes at a time of using for sound waves, how?

because they have such a low frequency can travel over a very, very long distances. so tens of thousands of kilometers the solitude and tranquillity of this border region make it an ideal locations for the measurements . they take place around the clock underground tests the register just like earthquakes. seismic events are recorded and analyzed by over 300 such measuring stations worldwide. and it's not i constructed. so if an event takes place, we have for 5, or even 10 or 12 of these measuring stations that have picked it up and bail showed the direction it came from. so we can locate where the cross can pinpoint the location precisely no test the. the last underground nuclear weapons test carried out by north korea in 2017 triggered equate measuring 6.4. on the richter scale in the past 25 years, only the united states, india,

pakistan and north korea have carried out such tests. in siri they're banned by an international treaty, but it's never come into force. still lar serrano believes it's important to monitor these activities and make every test public existence theme. this system makes our world safer food. when placed about it's making a significant contribution towards one day having a world free of nuclear weapons, diabetic. and. and even if you say the cold war, which used to be your motivation to is over. it's of course, still an important killer of global security policy. yeah. especially in today's world that globe binds the sides, put it to and it could become even more important if some countries, once again, start testing nuclear weapons. due to note that access to quantum computers is, is as restricted as the trade in weapons. great new material. this is to ensure

that quantum computers don't fall into the wrong hands because the technology is set to be able to crack all encryption codes worldwide, should have finally function is intended. that's one reason why many countries are investing billions to finance the development of this technology with china leading the way by 2020 to aging, had some 15.3 d m. us dollars into quantum computing. other industrialized nations . i'll olson investing heavily. but how did these machines actually look at says loans, quantum computers look more like a non refrigerated barrel, not exactly spectacular. the secret lies within a quantum computer has to be tucked incredibly cold freight superconducting components to work that code quantum date so cubits especially. they need cooling

systems, laser policies, uncontrolled technology, a computer like this will probably never gregson office desk, but it's cubits can do way, mold and conventional. but normally these computers are kept under lock and key, but ibm research center in switzerland. we get to have a sneak peak at one from a mazda of each other. okay, now, so this is a quantum computer. that's that the moment it's cut, it doesn't have a processor on it right now that you want me to input and then that will be loaded from below. so then is the actual quantum processor of us make, see what you see here and see what is the refrigerator capable of cooling down to what we call absolute 0 toyota, which is minus 275 degrees celsius, stopped and said seals and foss, new tubing, this helps to shield the processes from outside influences to understand of quantum computers, what you have to do only deep into the world of the smallest particles,

the item. it's the world of quantum mechanics. a strange will, nice, disturbing. well, that's fascinating to here. everything is constantly in motion overlapping on often in several places at once. it's hard to growth quite literally, because as soon as you try to measure something here, the quantum states dissolve. so you 1st have to learn how they work. in the past, we only familiar with conventional bids which are electrical circuits with transistors that can either be 041. this digital world can be wired logically. what each circuit is processed in sequence one off to the other very quickly, but always one off to the other. in the quantum computer bits become cubits. they can be manipulated by a microwave or laser pulses, thus described many most states in just one or see right. in the

so called superposition, a cubit and can be one on 0. but the same time an old states between the it's rather like a spinning coins. as long as it's spinning the decision is open only when you measure this the cubic use one of the 2 conventional states, on example, will help illustrate what this means in practice. a computer resolves to find the most direct poles in a complex system. a conventional computer works to old possible pulse, one of to the other. the more complex the task, the longer it takes a quantum computer with its connected cubits, can try out all the possible path symbols heinously, and still find the best route much more quickly. but it's, i can the so now you've learned about 2 important properties of the quantum computer. technically at 1st,

the superposition law. so you can be in 2 states at the same time on policy. but the other thing is with them if you have more cubes, and this leads to an extreme increase in the number of possibilities that you can look at simultaneously with a minute of the clock. this is called quantum parallelism going to be on. and that makes the quantum computer is very powerful and very fast. the most efficient as hard as the possibilities of this quantum parallelism are astounding. also one cubit and superposition can describe 2 states simultaneously, a 0 on a one with 2 cubits, that increases to full state. the combinations 000110111 . each additional cubic doubles, the number of possible simpleton you states. so with 3 cubits the 8 combinations. with full,

it's 16. it increases exponentially. a system with 10 cubits can already make use of 1024 states. symbols heinously with 20 cubits. that number rises to over 1000000. with 33 cubits. you could execute operations on most states, and they're all people on this. with a $166.00 cubits it's mold and all the items on s, on with $279.00 cubits. you could work symbols, heinously. what about as many states as there was supposed to be items in the entire universe, 971 step to invite intel in an unimaginable number with a 27 digits. so quantum parallelism makes extremely complex computing possible. but well, because quantum computers best be useful stuff i'm good or a specialist in quantum algorithms says that's suitable for highly complex

simulations with almost. and this possibilities by speed of the examples could include carbon seaquest ration. so is this extends to the development of synthetic fuels. first thing, we don't know how to make them more energy efficient supplementing. so the examples often relate to energy efficiency. again, this kind of that concludes the development of new catalyst, or a better understanding of chemical processes and all other examples include the development of new drugs that work better. and we do have a more targeted effect and fewer side effects. for example, in the long term, that's a possible application that could have a huge impact on society. 36 payment, i was off to this, i talk to them kind of taking the example of medicine. imagine every person receiving their own personal medication tailored to the illness and to them. quantum computers could calculate what that would need to look like. for agriculture, quantum computers could make farming green us by helping to optimize the production of ammonia making the production of fertilizer,

most sustainable herndon logistics. initial experiments are already underway and extremely busy polls and los angeles. quantum like systems have optimize the handling of containments. that's helping to save a lot of money on results is so found $1.00 to computers austin and their infancy. but that potential is huge. we're mad about science technology. that's like d w. science is now on take talk. what you want to grab a taishan on the way that that is when the people begin getting high and laughing gas out the drums boogie to the beads. and what's the perfect king footboard find?

find the on says guitar dw science on new tick, tock channel, and that shapes for today. thanks for watching tomorrow or to date. the dw signs to see you next time the the the

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see the world as he's never seen it before. the drive now to dw talking entry. what do these do for fun? via do gravitational ways squeeze outside? when did people begin getting high and laughing gas? how do i need drums for you to the beads and what perfect cubic foot, but find find the on says yes, most with dw science on the top, 10 of the monumental structures of the stone age, on milestones in the history of mankind. some of its greatest need since it is a monument to stone arrangements that people elected long before the pyramid technical and logistical feet that symbolized the impossible for you see it. the

stones tell the story of a powerful resolution. what exactly happened as a 10000 years ago? the secret shone age stops december 22nd on the w and the the, this is data be a news and these are our top stories of the emulate has been sworn in his argentine, his new president, libertarian economist, has promised to drastically cut public spending relays political populism has drunk comparisons with donald trump, and he has power to quote, to make argentine great again, he takes office with the economy, mired in its worst economic crisis in decades. is really times have reached the center of hon. eunice, the biggest.